非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)境呈現(xiàn)1觀察下列句子，注意劃線部分的用法。1) This n ote was left by Mr.Li,who was here a mome nt ago.2) This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.3) The bus ran into a crowd of people,some of whom were sent to hospital.4Chi na has hun dreds of isla nds,the largest of which is Taiwa n.5) She was

2、kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.6) All of my books are on the desk,where I always keep them.7) My brother,whose ski n is a little black,has a slim figure.8) They decided to put off the meeti ng un til next Saturday,whe n they would n 'be so

3、busy.規(guī)律精點(diǎn)1所謂非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，顧名思義，對(duì)主句所描述的人或物起 的作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整；它與句子之間常用逗號(hào)隔開，其引導(dǎo)詞有 who,whom,whose,which,when,where,as。that和why不能引導(dǎo)分限制性定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)用不 定代詞、數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)+of+whom/which指代先行詞或先行詞的一部分。語(yǔ)境呈現(xiàn)2觀察下列句子，注意劃線部分的用法。1) As is known to us,the sky is blue.The sky is blue,which is known to us.2) The big tree was cut down

4、yesterday,as is reported in today ' newspaper.The big tree was cut dow n yesterday,which is about three hun dred years old.規(guī)律精點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其與which的區(qū)別在于：1) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、居中或句尾；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于。(如果定語(yǔ)從句為否定句或表示否定意義，則使用which )。2) as指代的是，which除了可指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容外還可指代主句的某個(gè)部分。1. The result of the

5、 experime nt was very good,we had n'expected.A.whe nB.what C.that D.which2. Lily was always talking about her wealthy husband,of course,made the other ladiesun happy.A.who B.which C.what D.that3) The writer has written a number of books, only one is widely read.A.whichB.of whichC.that D.what4) T

6、his is Mr Day, I think has someth ing in teresti ng to tell you.A.who B.whom C.that D.which5) is reported in today 'spaper,people have found the lost boy.A.It B.That C.As D.What6) The result was not the samethey had expected,was rather disappo in ti ng.A.which;as B.as;which C.as;that D.that;whic

7、h咼考鏈接1) After the flood in g,people were sufferi ng in that area,urge ntly n eeded clea nwater,medici ne and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what2) Whe n deeply absorbed in work,he often was,he would forget all about eat ing or sleep ing.A.that B.which C.whereD.whe n淺談非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（限制性和非限制

8、性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別）1定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)跟先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是作一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，不起限制作用，這種 從句稱為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。它常常用逗號(hào)與主句分開；翻譯時(shí)常譯成并列的分句。例如：This note was left by Joh n, who was here a mome nt ago.這條子是約翰留下的，他剛才來(lái)過(guò)這兒。2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在修飾人時(shí)用who（主格）,whom（賓格）,whose（所有格）,即：在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞指人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用who;作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用 whom，不能有幾種選擇，也不能省略，只有一種答案。在修飾物時(shí)用which而不能用that?？傊?，非限制性定語(yǔ)從

9、句里沒(méi)有that，也沒(méi)有why。1）Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my father '.張先生昨天來(lái)看我，他是我父親的一位老朋友。2）She had seve n childre n, three of whom lived to grow up.她生了七個(gè)孩子，其中三個(gè)長(zhǎng)大成人。3）The team is headed by a Chin ese,whose wife is a Japa nese.這個(gè)對(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)是個(gè)中國(guó)人，他的妻子是日本人。4）We visited the Jade Buddha

10、Temple,which is in the n orthwester n part of Shan ghai.我們參觀了玉佛寺，它在上海的西北部。5t now has 20,000 hectares of Iand,more than two-thirds of which are ploughed.它有兩萬(wàn)公頃的土地，其中三分之二以上已經(jīng)耕種。6）We walked dow n the village street,where they were havi ng market day.我們沿著村莊的街道走，他們的趕集日在哪兒進(jìn)行。7）1 n the old days,I was a lit

11、tle boy,the city had no industry to speak of.過(guò)去這城市無(wú)工業(yè)可言，那時(shí)我還是個(gè)小孩。3. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，若關(guān)系代詞所指代的先行項(xiàng)是整個(gè)主句，則關(guān)系代詞用as或which.它們有三點(diǎn)相同和四點(diǎn)不同之處。相同點(diǎn)：1）which和as都可在SVC （主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）或SV （主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)兩者可互換使用。He said he had lost the book,which/as was true.All the schools will reopen on Sept.1（st）,which/as is an

12、nounced in today ' paper.2）在SVC結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which和as作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換使用。注意此時(shí)的which或as指代上文中的表語(yǔ)部分。He seemed a foreig ner,which /as in fact he was.3）在SVO （主謂賓）結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which和as作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換。I was very useful to him,which/as he realized.不同點(diǎn)：1）在SVOCo（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用which，而不用as.It was raining hard,w

13、hich kept us in doors.2）在SVO結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用which，而不用as.Tom has made great progress,which delighted us.3）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用在表示肯定意義的從句中，而不能用在表示否定意 義的從句中；which則不受此限制。例如：She has bee n married aga in, which was un expected.(which常在定語(yǔ)從句中作 delay耽擱，推遲、 worry、upset、make的主語(yǔ)，且定語(yǔ)從句中常含復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))4) as所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位

14、置比較靈活，它可以位于句末，也可位于句首或居中；而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置比較固定，通常位于句末，而不可移置句首。例如:We can 'do without rules,as/which you know. As you kno w,we can 'tdo without rules.He failed the exam,which/as was n atural.As was n atural,he failed the exam.All the schools will reope n on Sept.1(st),which/as is announced i

15、n today 's paper.As is announced in today 'spaper,all the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st).He admires Mr.Brow n very much,which surprises me.He arrived half an hour late,which anno yed us all.My sister is a good nu rse,which I am not.His sister has become a doctor,which he wants her to be.易

16、混辨析區(qū)別項(xiàng)目限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，口語(yǔ)中不停 頓。與主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開，口語(yǔ)中 有停頓。作用對(duì)先仃詞的意義進(jìn)仃修飾、限制，右去 掉，則句意不完整。對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，若省略， 句意仍然清楚、完整。翻譯與含義翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，限制先 行詞。翻譯時(shí)與主句隔開，對(duì)先行詞解釋 說(shuō)明。先行詞名詞或代詞。名詞、代詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。關(guān)系詞各類關(guān)系詞，有幾種選擇，有時(shí)可省。不用that和why, 一般只有一種選 擇，關(guān)系詞不可省。巧學(xué)助記：巧辯限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句好分辨，沒(méi)有逗號(hào)即為“限”，逗號(hào)一出定“非限”；關(guān)系引導(dǎo)所用詞，隨著“先行”巧妙變；

17、“非限” that/why靠邊站；“非限”弓I導(dǎo)不省全（全部不可省略）；“ as”殊詞記心間；the same/suchas連，“正如、正像”意恒念，固定搭配多鍛煉。（as anybody can see/as is well known/as we all kno w/as we had expected/as ofte n happe ns/as ofte n is the case/as has bee n said above/as is mentioned above/as is reported/announced）Can you tell me basic structure o

18、f Attributive clause?名詞/代詞+關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞+不完整的句子Fill in the chart （限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選用）關(guān)系詞先行詞（物）先行詞（人）疋語(yǔ)時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)原因 狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞whichVVthatVVVVwhoVVwhomVwhoseV關(guān)系 副詞whe nVwhereVwhyVRead the following sentences and fill in the blanks using the relative pronouns and the relative adverbs.1. The pers onis sta n

19、ding there is my teacher.2. The pers onyou spoke just now is my teacher.3. The pers onyou spoke to just now is my teacher.4. I bought a carcost little.5. The carI bought yesterday cost little.6. This school is the oneI studied ten years ago.7. This is the little girlpare nts were killed in the earth

20、quake.8. The boss incompa ny my father worked is a very kind man.9. I will remember that dayI first came to Beiji ng.10. There are several minu tes reasonswe can 'do that.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選用：關(guān)系詞先行詞（物）先行詞（人）疋語(yǔ)時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)原因 狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhoVwhomVwhoseV關(guān)系 副詞whe nVwhereVwhyV當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或被物主代詞或指示代詞修飾時(shí)：Kungmin g,where I was born ,is beautiful.Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.Joh n, who greeted me,is my teacher.M