使用PacketTracer設(shè)計(jì)小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)

1、使用 Cisco PacketTracer 設(shè)計(jì)小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告1、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康? .掌握OSPFZ及RIP等路由協(xié)議的原理與配置方法2掌握路由器、二層交換機(jī)、三層交換機(jī)的基本配置。3掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)淙龑咏Y(jié)構(gòu)以及子網(wǎng)劃分4學(xué)習(xí)怎樣設(shè)計(jì)小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)2、 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理使用 cisco 模擬器 PacketTracer 來(lái)模擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)、 架構(gòu)， 按照網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋪?lái)進(jìn)行子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃及劃分 VLAN通過使用基本配置命令及 ospf、RIP 等路由協(xié)議、 路由重發(fā)布技術(shù)來(lái)配置核心層的路由器、 匯聚層的交換機(jī)以及接入層的PC機(jī)，最終使得每一個(gè)三層交換機(jī)下相同VLAN中的PC機(jī)能互相通信，而不同VLANTT的PC機(jī)不能通

2、信，且整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中不同三層交換 機(jī)下的每一臺(tái)PC機(jī)都能與其他三層交換機(jī)下的PC相互通信。3、 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)1 .網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋱D設(shè)計(jì)(1) 總體設(shè)計(jì)核心層：12臺(tái)cisco28系列路由器，用DTE線相連，在每臺(tái)交換機(jī)上配置 ospf路由協(xié)議。將14臺(tái)路由劃分為3個(gè)區(qū)域，area0(管理區(qū)域)、areal、area2 , 并實(shí)現(xiàn)各個(gè)自治區(qū)域之間的通信， 以及各個(gè)自治區(qū)域和外部區(qū)域的通信 (配置 “路 由重分發(fā)” ) 。匯聚層：4 臺(tái) cisco35 系列三層交換機(jī)，三層交換機(jī)與路由器之間選用直通雙絞線連接， 三層交換機(jī)與二層交換機(jī)之間選用交叉雙絞線連接， 匯聚層區(qū)域采用 rip 協(xié)議。匯聚層交換機(jī)與接入層交

3、換機(jī)之間使用干道技術(shù)， 二層交換機(jī)通過vtp 向三層交換機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)VLAN。接入層：接入層共有16 臺(tái) cisco29 系列二層交換機(jī)，每 4 臺(tái)連接到一臺(tái)三層交換機(jī)下，二層交換機(jī)與PC通過直通雙絞線相連。(2) 各層拓?fù)鋱D1:核心層路由器拓?fù)鋱D匯聚層網(wǎng)絡(luò)用于將分布在不同位置的子網(wǎng)連接到核心層網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)現(xiàn)路由匯聚的功能。拓?fù)鋱D如下：圖3匯聚層整體圖17 / 16接入層網(wǎng)絡(luò)用于將終端用戶計(jì)算機(jī)接入到網(wǎng)絡(luò)之中，拓補(bǔ)圖如下13工亡.整孔PL*嘵口歪 作曲行 睛M州ii*EZ 抑口制“筵 ua.QEa.i.1聯(lián)的MlLuIecJ Lwl*EE3.HMW忙 VLB接入層局部圖2.1 P地址規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和子網(wǎng)劃分按

4、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求分配到的A類ip地址為16.0.0.0 ,按實(shí)驗(yàn)要求借位918位， 本實(shí)驗(yàn)中一級(jí)子網(wǎng)借14位，則一級(jí)子網(wǎng)掩碼為 255.255.252.0 ,可用子網(wǎng)數(shù)為 214=16384,每個(gè)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)為210-2=1022。一級(jí)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)16.0.0. 0/2216.0.0.1 16.0.3.25416.0.4. 0/2216.0.4.1 16.0.7.25416.0.8. 0/2216.0.8.1 16.0.11.25416.0.12.0/2216.0.12.1 .-16.0.15.25416.0.248.0/2216.0.248.116.0.251.25416.0.252.0/221

5、6.0.252.116.0.255.25416.1.0. 0/2216.1.0.1 16.1.0.3.25416.1.0. 4/2216.1.0.4 16.1.0.7.25416.255.244.0/2216.255.244.1 16.255.247.25416.255.248.0/2216.255.248.1 16.255.251.25416.255.252.0/2216.255.252.1 16.255.255.254表1： 一級(jí)子網(wǎng)劃分根據(jù)拓補(bǔ)圖，核心層和匯聚層一共有 19個(gè)二級(jí)網(wǎng)段，二級(jí)子網(wǎng)從一級(jí)子網(wǎng) 再借3位，則總共借17位，二級(jí)子網(wǎng)掩碼掩碼是 255.255.255.128 ,每一

6、個(gè)一 級(jí)子網(wǎng)可劃分的二級(jí)子網(wǎng)數(shù)為 23=8,每個(gè)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)是27-2=126臺(tái)，用3 個(gè)一級(jí)子網(wǎng)來(lái)劃分二級(jí)子網(wǎng)，三個(gè)一級(jí)子網(wǎng)最多可劃分24個(gè)二級(jí)子網(wǎng)，多余本實(shí)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)段數(shù)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)用 16.1.0.0/22 , 16.2.0.0/22 和16.0.0.0/22 來(lái)劃分2 級(jí)子網(wǎng).二級(jí)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)16.1.0.0/2516.1.0.116.1.0.12616.1.0.128/2516.1.0.12916.1.0.25416.1.1.0/2516.1.1.116.1.1.12616.1.1.128/2516.1.1.12916.1.1.25416.1.2.0/2516.1.2.116.1.2.1

7、2616.1.2.128/2516.1.2.12916.1.2.25416.1.3.0/2516.1.3.116.1.3.12616.1.3.128/2516.1.3.12916.1.3.254表2: 16.1.0.0/22的二級(jí)子網(wǎng)劃分二級(jí)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)16.2.0.0/2516.2.0.1/-16.2.0.12616.2.0.128/2516.2.0.129 /-16.2.0.25416.2.1.0/2516.2.1.1/-16.2.1.12616.2.1.128/2516.2.1.129 /-16.2.1.25416.2.2.0/2516.2.2.1/-16.2.2.12616.2.2.

8、128/2516.2.2.129 /-16.2.2.25416.2.3.0/2516.2.3.1/-16.2.3.12616.2.3.128/2516.2.3.129 /-16.2.3.254表3: 16.2.0.0/22的二級(jí)子網(wǎng)劃分二級(jí)子網(wǎng)可用主機(jī)數(shù)16.0.0.0/2516.0.0.1/-16.2.0.12616.0.0.128/2516.0.0.129 /-16.2.0.25416.0.1.0/2516.0.1.1/-16.2.1.12616.0.1.128/2516.0.1.129 /-16.2.1.25416.0.2.0/2516.0.2.1/-16.2.2.12616.0.2.1

9、28/2516.0.2.129 /-16.2.2.25416.0.3.0/2516.0.3.1/-16.2.3.12616.0.3.128/2516.0.3.129 /-16.2.3.254表4: 16.0.0.0/22 的二級(jí)子網(wǎng)劃分3.子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃(1)各網(wǎng)段地址:網(wǎng)段號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址網(wǎng)段號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址116.1.0. 0 /251116.2.1. 0 /25216.1.0.128/251216.2.1.128/25316.1.1.0 /251316.2.1.128/25416.1.1.128/251416.2.2.128/25516.1.2. 0 /251516.2.3. 0 /25616.1.2.1

10、28/251616.0.0. 0 /25716.1.3. 0 /251716.0.0.128/25816.1.3.128/251816.0.1. 0 /25916.2.0. 0 /251916.0.1.128/251016.2.0.128/25(2)網(wǎng)段號(hào)和對(duì)應(yīng)的區(qū)域網(wǎng)段號(hào)所屬區(qū)域網(wǎng)段號(hào)所屬區(qū)域1areal11area32areal12area23area113area24area114area25area。15area26area。16area47area。17area48area318area59area319area610area3表7:網(wǎng)段號(hào)和對(duì)應(yīng)的區(qū)域(2)各路由器環(huán)回接口 IP和o

11、spf進(jìn)程號(hào):RouterLoopback IPOspf process-idR0Lo0: 9.9.9.9/32900R1Lo0: 5.5.5.5/32500R2Lo0: 7.7.7.7/32700R3Lo0: 8.8.8.8/32800R4Lo0: 6.6.6.6/32600R5Lo0: 10.10.10.10/321300R6Lo0: 11.11.11.11/321100R7Lo0: 12.12.12.12/321200R8Lo0: 4.4.4.4/32400R9Lo0: 2.2.2.2/32200R10Lo0: 3.3.3.3/32300R11Lo0: 1.1.1.1/32100表8:各

12、路由器環(huán)回接口 IP和ospf進(jìn)程號(hào)VIA晤VLA嚙口工F憶詞中的主機(jī)斯屬的三層交換機(jī)Vlft16,0. IS. i/22PCO, PCl L&ptopOcomlVil16,0.20, 1/2ELaptop, LiptcomlVIZ16.0.24 1/22Laptopd PCScom!V13tS.0.29. 1/22PC3.PC4coniV1416.0.32. 1/22P邙/ PCT, PCScom2VIS16.0.36. 1722PCE,Lip4H PC11c©m2V1&16,0. 40. 1/22FC 瓦 FC1Q , FC1ZVtT16.0 4M. 1/22FC

13、13h PCJ5, ?C1L IC19 mm3Y1816.0. 43. 1/22F匚 M.FC10F匚 1&F匚R mm310.0. 52. L/22Lap5, Lap6, FC23, PC25 con>4V2018.0.56. 1/22FC21, PC22, fC24, PC26 com43.路由協(xié)議配置(1)核心層ospf配置：no ip domain-lookup interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown !interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip a

14、ddress duplex auto speed auto shutdown !interface Serial1/0ip address 16.1.0.2 255.255.255.128 !interface Serial1/1ip address 16.1.1.1 255.255.255.128 !interface Serial1/2ip address 16.1.2.129 255.255.255.128 !interface Serial1/3ip address 16.1.2.1 255.255.255.128 !interface Serial1/4 no ip addresss

15、hutdowninterface Serial1/5 no ip address shutdown !interface Serial1/6 no ip address shutdown !interface Serial1/7 no ip address shutdown !interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown !router ospf 100router-id 1.1.1.1 log-adjacency-changes network 16.1.0.0 0.0.0.127 area 0 network 16.1.1.0 0.0.0.127 area

16、0 network 16.1.2.0 0.0.0.127 area 2 network 16.1.2.128 0.0.0.127 area 2!ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginend核心層路由表：Gateway lat rejosu ±a not 3住t4.0.0.0/244.4.4.016.0.0_0/eis sUbnEttdr 1 giibnatala directly coin&ctfidT LoaphckC ia variably aubnsTted, 30 aubnsti, 2 maakaZ2Z2E21.0.0.0/2

17、5 1LO/20J via 16.1.0.123, 00:49:13, Serlall/l/O1-E.0.0.128/25 110/20 via 1£.1.0.123, 00:43113, Seriall/L/O.O-l.O/IS 110/£0 via 16.1.1.£, 00;4S ：52r Serial1/1/tZ1Q/2Q Via 】£.L；*133 QQ；la ：15h Seri4il/Q/lEIESZ2E2【口"0 Q/2 £ l,O.20.0/22 1WW41 0/22 l«.a.20, 0/22 l.O.32.

18、0/22 l.a,36.0/22 l.O.40.0/22 l.O.44.0/22 .0/21.0,52b 0/22 1,O,Sb 0/2Z11.Q.0/2SUlQ/2«11Q/2Q(110/10 110/20 110/20 110/20 110/20 1110/20 (110/20 110/：O1L0/12Svim via via via via via viaviavia via via viaK.1.O.128/2S i« dizictlyie.1.0.123r16.1.0.129r 工 E.m 12 9, 16,1.0.129r16_1_D_129r l_l_0.12

19、9f0QH3;13, S«nall/ir0 0 : 4S: 13, S&riall/l/'O 0 0 : 49:13r Stziall/1,/0 00 : 49:13, Scziall/1/0 0 0 : 49:13, Ssr±all/1/D 00:49:13, Serlall/l/D 00：45tl3, Se£lAll/l/000:48:£2, Serlall/l/l16 _11.2r :43:S2 r Seriali/l/i 130r 00rl8;lS, Seriall/Ol IG.1,2.130, 00:18:1s, Seriall

20、/01 1e.1.0.1297 01:27：3tf Striall/lfO unnnotu匕(?。?£«iiall/l/01,1.1.0/25 15 directly1-6.1.1.128/2S L11O/12Sl.l,2.0/2S Is dlifictlyconnecxed Seciall/1/1via 16.1.1.2r 01:26:51, Seriall/1/1CCmilected, Sesxall/0/0l-L-2 -128/2G Ls dixeatly connectedF 白eezlsl工1/0/11-S.Z,3.0/2S 11G/12S：) via 16_ 1

21、_2_130r 01:13:41, Serial!/0/1 110/lSfiJ via iff,12.2r 01zia：4ir Eeial.1/0/0IAIAIAIAIAIAIAIA1 第Lm.lM/WS rilG/128 via 15,1.2,130, 01SexiallfO/11,2,0,0/25 110/19； via IS .1,2,130, M;25:Q0. Seriall/0/1 1«.20.123/2& 110/192 via 1£.1.2.130, G1r22:£, Seziall/0/1 lEW.JQGE 110/12S via130,

22、air；4:43, Siiiill/0/1工工打110/192 vi4 工&LN.工，01tl3:41, EsrUll/O/D1.3.2.0/25 11G/12S via 16 1.2.2r ai:13:41r Serlall/O/D 1.3.2.123/35 L110/12B via lfi.l.2.2r 01:13141, S&ziall/O/D 1.2.3.0/25 1L0/152 via Ifi 1.2.2r 01:13:41, S&rlaLl/O/O(2) 匯聚層RIPv2:ip routinginterface FastEthernet0/1switchpo

23、rt trunk encapsulation dotlq switchport mode trunk!interface FastEthernet0/2switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk!interface FastEthernet0/3switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport mode trunk!interface FastEthernet0/4switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport mode trunk

24、!interface FastEthernet0/24no switchportip address 16.0.19.2 255.255.255.128duplex autospeed auto!interface Vlan13ip address 16.0.36.1 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan14ip address 16.0.40.1 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan15ip address 16.0.44.1 255.255.252.0!router ripversion 2network 16.0.0.0no auto-summar

25、y!ip classlessip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 16.0.19.1line con 0line vty 0 4login!End匯聚層路由表：Gateway of Iant resort ia 1G . Q. 0 . 1 七口 rzetwQzk 0 _ CJ . 3 _ 01G.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 inasfcs16 rO r(3 ,0/75 directly CDruiectedf FastSthernetO/"10:00714,16.0.0.123/2& 120/1 via

26、 16.0.0.1,20.0/221G.C.24.0/2216.0.20.0/2216-0.36,0/22.0.40.072216.1.0,0/251313dir«c7ly direcrly direetly diEeetlyviaL120/2 via 1120/2 viaconn«cltd, connsctsi, connsetedr eontienTtd, l,0.0.1, ie-0.0.1, lE.O.O.l,Vl*nL0Vl*nllVlanl2Vlatil3DOiOO：14rOOzOD:14,GO：30 ：14=,TastithemetO - 1F己 m t

27、4;the met 0/1Fas tEthe met 0 /I120/1J via 16.0.0 .lr0 0-00:14, Fast Zt he me t /1lGrlr<JTl£8/2& 120/1J via 15.0-0.1, O0;QO;L4, 32tmth號(hào)met。/1C.C rQrO/C 1/Q vI= 16,0,1(3)邊界路由重發(fā)布:rantbt aspf 100router-id 1.1,1 Llogacene y-chaiige 3m«tvork 16.1,0»0 0.0.0.127 arti 1netvork 16.1.0.IE

28、S 0.0.0.1Z7 area 1Irautei r£p vexsicn 2Ei。用口工取工后.口下4.0no Ip el9J91«M3 I邊界路由器路由表：G&reway of l&stEeiSEX 13 nOT 3«C：z1.0_0_0/241.1.1. dis16.0.0/Bijsisaiuhinett Bd, 1 sufanat hdi-eerti y cc:rmected., ZLcept:aczk0,variabl y subnet ted., 3G sixbne t s, 2 mas ks16,0T 0 P C/rf5 im dir

29、ectly connect«d, FaatEthemetQZO . 0.0 r 12S/25 i a dir«ctly connected f FascExheEne'tO/X16.0.1.0/2S 110/20 vi* 1,1.0.130r 00I4&T54, S«ri*ll?O/O 110/20 v±t l.l.0.2, 00i4S:S4, Seri*ll/O/1l,0.1.12e/2S 110/20 via l.1.0,130, 00:1S:1SF Seriill/a/Ol_0.l .0/22 1_0,20 0722 lfi.0.2

30、4 .0/22 1丘田 £8,0/22 16,0.32,0/221.0.30/：216.0.40 .0/22 1_0,44.0/22l_0,4S .072216.0, S2 .0/2216,0.56-,0/22120/1 12071 1120/11(120/1 1x0/11izo/l 1L0/2D1L0/2D1 110/201 110/201 1110/2 0 J 110/2 0 Jviaviaviavia16.0.0,2, 00100 :LOr 16_0,0,2, 00:00 :10r lS.0,0.2, ao：oo：Lor lS.0,0.2r 00:00:10pFas t-Et.

31、 he xne t0/0 Fa st：St hexnet 0/0 FastZthexnetO/D EastZthexnexO/Ovia via viavia via16.0,0.130rW0.1 現(xiàn)1 后.CJ.Q.imOrviaviavisvia00: 00 :16p Fa st Zt tie met 0/100:00F a a t Eth« rns 10/100 : 00 :1£ F>atZxh«me10/116.1.0.130r 00:4S:S4 S&riall/O/OLfi.1.0.2, 00:45:S4, Seriall/D/l16.1.0

32、.130, 00 :4S:S4r Serxa.11/0/016.1.C.2r 00 :4S:£4, Seriall/0/116. 1B 0.130, 00 ：15：ia, Seiriall/0/0IE.180,130> 00:15:13, Seriall/0/0IkIk工圭I5LIkIkIkIkIkIkIk16 -1P 0 B 0/2S 19 dxz»ct;ly connsHeizia 11/0/116.1.0.128/2EcLLmutl算 u口nn-drSttriall/0/01.0/25 110/128 via IC.1.0.13Df 01:24:49 Sesia

33、ll/O/O01:23:53, Sariall/0/116.1,1,1£S/2S 110/196 via lfi.l.0.2r16.1.2.0/15 110/128 via Iff. 1.0.130, 01:1(5:90, Saxiall/D/fl l.l.2.125/25 tlLO/1251 uia 1£.1.0.130, 01:24:45, Seziall/0/0 116/192 J via Ltf.01:26:40, Sez-ia.ll/O/flL10/1S2 via 11.0,130, 01=23:07, SuJalVO/O l,20rQ/55 110/25e vi

34、a 1.1.0,130, 01 :21:57f Seriall/O/O2.0.123/25 110/S&6 5.， 1£1 口.130, 口工：19:E2, Ssriall/O/O 16,2.1.0/S6 110/192 via Lt.1.0.130r 01:21:40, £tExtll/0/0 l£,3.1.12e/2E 110/256 vi& It.1.0.130, 01110:30, Striall/0/0 l«,2.2.0/2S 110/192 via Ifi.1.0.130r 01:10:39r Seriall/0/0 l,2.

35、2.12S/2& 110/132 via lfi.1.0.190, 01:10:99, Sexxall/0/0 110/2t£1 via Lfi.1.0.150, 01 110:39, Seriall/O/OUoutezr#四、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、同一 coml下的不同pc機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如上圖從 Vlan10的PC0至U Vlan12的PC2的simulation 結(jié)果:Vis.Time (sec)Last DeviceAt DeviceTypeInfo0.000PCOICMP0.001PCOSwitch 16ICMP0.002switch 16Multilayer 5witcliOICM

36、P0.003Multilayer SwitchOSwitch 19CMP0.004Switch 19PC2ICMP0.005PC2Switch 19ICMPo,cotSwitch 19Multilayer 號(hào)witch。l匚MP0.007Multil日¥ESwitchO Switch 16ICMP9：0.008Switch 16PCOICMP從 Vlan10 的 PC0到 Vlan12 的 PC2的 ping 結(jié)果:、coml和com2下的不同pc機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如上圖從 Vlan10的PC1到Vlan15的PC8的simulation 結(jié)果:Vis. Time (sec) Last De

37、viceAt DeviceTYpe Info0.C00PCIICMPC.OD1PCISA/rtchl6CMPC.OO2Switch 16Multilayer Switch。ICMP0.003Multilayer Switch0Router 11ICMP0.004Routeri1MLltilayerSwitchllCMP0.005Multilayer Switch!Switch5ICMP0.0065v/itch5C.CD7PCSPCSSwr itch51cMpICMP0.0D8Switch 5Multilayer Switchl ICMP0.009Mu忙ilmye8witch!Router 11

38、0.010Routeri1Multilayer SwitchOICMP0.011Multilayer SwitcliDSwitch 160.0125v/itchl6PCIICMPICMPICMP從 Vlan10 的 PC1 到 Vlan15 的 PC8的 ping 結(jié)果:PC?ping 1 E.U.36.3Pinging 16.0.36.3 with 32 byt«a of data:Reply fxcm If ,0 Jr bytes-32 tAm«=97st9 nif-L2StAM=903ia TTL«L2SReplV fx&in 16.0 .3. 3 : bynflB=32Reply S±flm 16.0.36.3= Bye巨豆=22 rims=&liM TTL=L2SHeply £xcnn If _ 0 . . 31 bytea=32 r-i m= j. 1 Cms TT112 SPxng statistics fqe 1_6 _ 0_. 3:Pauke仁m : Sent =- 4 f Retzeived = 4 r Las t: = 0