高考一輪形容詞及副詞的用法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、形容詞及副詞的用法考點一:形容詞一.形容詞概念:形容詞用來修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征主要用作定語、表語和補(bǔ)足語。二. 形容詞的功能(1)形容詞作定語單個形容詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞前。She is a good girl.她是一個好女孩兒。形容詞作不定代詞的定語時，要放在不定代詞的后面。There is nothing important.沒有什么重要的事情。 Is there anything important?enough作形容詞時，放在被修飾的名詞的前后均可。We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here.

2、(2) 作表語. 形容詞除與be動詞連用做表語外，還可以與其他系動詞連用。1） 表示一種特制，狀態(tài)，感覺類的系動詞。如： Appear, seem, look，taste ,feel ,smell ,sound 2) 表示狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變的系動詞。意為“ 變得，變?yōu)椤?。如：become ,grow ,turn ,get ,go3) 表示保持某種狀態(tài)類的系動詞。如：remai , keep The man is ill. The flower smells sweet. The problem remains unsolved. The hill has turned green.有些詞常作表語常見的有

3、well,ill以及a開頭的部分形容詞如afraid，alike，alive, alone, asleep，awake 等。以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人，如interesting(有趣的)，interested(感興趣的)等。（3） 少數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如friendly(友好的)，deadly(致命的),lively(活潑的) ，manly(男子氣概的), likely(可能的)，ugly (難看的) ,silly(愚蠢的)等。（4） 帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞 當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號鏈接時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式，主要有兩種情況。 1) 數(shù)次+名詞 a two

4、-hundred-meter bridge 2）數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 a three-year-old boy a fifty-meter-wide river(5) 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞時的順序。限定詞 + 數(shù)量形容詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+ 描繪性形容詞 + 大小、長短、高低等形體 + 新舊 + 顏色 + 國籍 + 材料 + 被修飾名詞 一些漂亮的小紅花 一頂綠色的新絲帽一個年輕的矮個子日本商人 口訣：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，國籍顏色出材料，作用類別往后靠?？键c二:副詞一.副詞概念: 副詞是用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,或全句的詞.二.副詞的構(gòu)成:由“形容詞­

5、ly”構(gòu)成。 quickquickly beautifulbeautifully badbadly exactexactly bravebravely happyhappily quietquietly seriousseriously truetruly generalgenerally以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加y. 如：comfortable-comfortably possible-possiblyterrible-terribly simple-simply三.副詞的功能(1)用作狀語。如：He speaks English _. 他英語說得非常好。四.副詞的位置(1)副詞通常放在被修飾

6、的動詞后面。(2)副詞修飾 整個句子時，多數(shù)放句首，用逗號隔開。Eg: Luckily, no one was injured. 五.副詞的排列順序： (1）時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。六.兼有兩種形式的副詞bad壞，差badly極度，嚴(yán)重close接近地closely仔細(xì)地，密切地deep深deeply深深地wide表示空間寬度widely廣泛地high表示空間高度highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于muchhard努力地hardly幾乎不loud大聲地loudly大聲地（喧鬧）late晚，遲lately近來He

7、is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.You

8、can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.考點三.形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成1形容詞的比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化(1)一般在詞尾直接加-er或-est。如：talltallertallest, long_(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加-r或-st。如：nice_-_(3)以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er或-est。如：busybusierbusiestfunny_(4)在重讀閉音節(jié)中，若末尾只有一個輔音字母，則雙寫這個輔音字母

9、，再加-er或-est。如：bigbiggerbiggest, hothotterhottest，thin_，fatfatterfattest(5)部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級，加most構(gòu)成最高級。如：slowly_beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful interesting-more interesting -the most interesting注意：英語中有些雙音節(jié)形容詞可以加more/most,也可以加-er,-est 構(gòu)成比較級 和最高級，常見的詞有friendly ,clever,narrow,2. 副詞的比較級和

10、最高級的規(guī)則變化（1） 大多數(shù)以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞在其前家more 和most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級 Eg: quickly- more quickly - most quickly vcarefully-more carefully -most quickly (2) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er和-est分別構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 hard - harder- hardest early - earlier- earliest2不規(guī)則變化good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost ill/bad/badlyworseworst littleless-lea

11、stfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestbad-worse-worstold-older/elder-oldest/eldest考點四：形容詞和副詞的比較等級用法：1.形容詞和副詞原級的常見句型 (1) as形容詞/副詞的原級as 如: He is as tall as his father. He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman.注意: 在否定句或疑問句中可用so.as, 即not as/so.as。如: He cant run so/as fast as you. Its not as/so warm

12、 as yesterday. (2.) “as形容詞a(n)單數(shù)名詞as”或“asmany/much名詞as”。如: This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. There are as many students in your class as in ours.1） Mr.Sun speaks Englishyou.（與你一樣流利） 2) I have as many books as Tom. 3) I cant drink this.（我不能喝這么甜的咖啡） 4） Y

13、ou are as good a student as she.5） He is as Tom.（他是像湯姆一樣誠實的一個男孩）2.比較級和最高級 (1) 兩者比較，表一方超過另一方時，用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如: The pen is better than that one. (2)表一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess+原級+than”的用法 This room is less beautiful than that one . (3)形容詞副詞重疊法則，表示越來越.比較級+and+比較級的結(jié)構(gòu) Things are getting better and better.more and

14、more +原級的結(jié)構(gòu) The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (4)“the比較級(主語+謂語)， the比較級（主語+謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)如: The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel. The harder he works ,the happier he feels.注意：要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。 (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對) He is more clever than his brother. (對) He is clever

15、er than his brother. (5) “the比較級of the two(名詞)”, 表示“兩者中較的一個”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. ( 6) 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用the最高級of/in比較范 圍,表示同類范疇用of, 不同類用in。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. He is the fastest runner of the three boys. (7 )用比較級表示最高級結(jié)構(gòu) 否定比較級 =最高級注意：形容詞最高級

16、前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。It is a most useful tool =It is a very useful tool I can not agree with you more I've never seen better film than that.=That is the best film I've ever seen. It could not be better 比較級+than+any other +單數(shù)名詞 Changjiang is longe

17、r than any other river in China .比較級than+ any of the other名詞復(fù)數(shù)比較級than +anyone else 8常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)句型主要有： (1)Ais倍數(shù)比較級than +B (2)Ais倍數(shù)as原級as+ B (3)Ais倍數(shù)the抽象名詞 （如:longlength；widewidth；high height；deepdepth等)of +B（4）A is+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 This brige is three times longer than that one. This bridge is three tim

18、es as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. 9.某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的， 次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資歷較淺的）senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 10.在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名 詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。th

19、at可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.考點五：形容詞和副詞的比較等級的修飾語 1. 修飾原級的詞almost,quite, nearly,exactly,just, half, twice, three times, eg: He is almost as tall as his brother.This line is

20、 twice as long as that one. 2. 修飾比較級的詞有：much/many,still, even,rather,any, far, 特別提醒：by far,a little,a bit,a lot, a great/good deal, 常用于否定句或 疑問句中。如: Its a little colder today than it was yesterday. This shirt is much more expensive than that one.修飾可數(shù)名詞的比較級不用much, 而用many, 如many more books; 修 飾不可數(shù)名詞的比較

21、級用much, 如much more work, “更多的工作”; much more necessary, “更有必要”。3.修飾最高級的詞有： by far, much, This is by far the best. This is much the most important. 特別提醒：by far 通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級。用比較級時,一般放在比較級的 后面?？键c六：比較級相關(guān)習(xí)語1. more than more than數(shù)詞 多于, 超過 more than名詞 不僅僅是 more than形容詞非常, 很more A than B與其說倒不如說2. no more than(o

22、nly)僅僅, 只有3. not more than(at most)不超過, 至多4.less than不到, 少于5.no less than(as much as)多達(dá), 不少于6.not less than(at least)至少7.more or less(almost, nearly, about)基本上, 差不多; 或多或少8.sooner or later遲早, 早晚, 總有一天9.whats more而且, 此外10.no sooner.than. 一就考點七：so和such 的用法 （1）what+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) （2）what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/名詞復(fù)數(shù)

23、 （3）such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) （4）such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/名詞復(fù)數(shù) （5）no such+名詞（名詞前不能加冠詞）特別提醒：so many/so much/so few/so little+名詞（其中的many,much,few,little等詞都表“多少”之意，little還可當(dāng)“小”解釋，這時用such little+名詞）。 鞏固練習(xí)一Exercise(1)：寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級hard quick slow hot thin nicelate safe largeheavy happy earlyinteresting excited tir

24、ed beautiful important expensivegoodwell badill farquickly strongly slowlyfew littleExercise(2)：翻譯1. 我比你瘦.I am _ _ you.2. 我摘的蘋果比你少. I picked _ apples than you (did).3. 我認(rèn)為語文比數(shù)學(xué)更有趣. I think Chinese is _ _ _ maths.4._(你呆的時間越長，)the better it will be.5.The city is_(變得越來越美麗了).6.China is _(比亞洲任何國 家都要大)7.

25、_（這兩個男孩中較高的那個） is my brother.8.The road is five times as long as than one.(同義句改寫) The road is five times _of that one. The roas is five times_than that one.綜合練習(xí)一：單句改錯1. There are few boys than girls in our class.2.The more money you make ,the most you spend.3.This is by far the mostly expensive bicy

26、cle in the shop.4.Last sunday,police cars hurry to the taller building in NewYork.5.As a rusult, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.6. I'll try to be more carefully next year.7.Now it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before.8.people in

27、 industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago.綜合練習(xí)二：語法填空1.Usually ,there are not many buses ,but that day there were even_(few)buses.2.The prosser said the_(bad) cases are head injuries.3.There are two horses in a field ,if you stand and watch

28、 nearby and listen,you will hear the sould of a bell . It is from the _(small） horse a copper bell on his neck.4. I _(mere) suggested you should do it again. Theres no need to get annoyed.5. The river was so polluted that it _(actually) caught fire and burned.6. Fially ,that hard work paid off and n

29、ow the water in the river is _(chean) than ever.綜合練習(xí)(三)：短文改錯 及單詞填空1.We were very happily ,because my grandfather had moved to Hongkong and we only visited him every two months.2.The joy was hard and tired and seemed endless.3.My father and I were deep shocked by her story.4.The school was quiet and

30、peacefully.5.The man was so gratefully that he insisted on offering me some money.6.According to a recently survey,many students don't want to improve their handwrings.7.Now,it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before.8.He _(slow) climbed the stairs and hung his head low.9.The second

31、 sign made pepople realise they were_(extreme) fortunate that they were not blind.綜合練習(xí)(四) 語法填空專練One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he    1    ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called

32、to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much    2     too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less,    3      not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very   &#