2021年高考藝考生英語一輪同步復(fù)習(xí)：：專題二第1講名詞

1、語法突破專題二詞形變化類第 i 講名詞考點(diǎn)精析1考點(diǎn)一名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)handkerchief 宀 handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarfsscarfs/scarves變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouthTmouthshouseshouses以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglassyglassesmatchymatches以輔音字母+ -y 結(jié) 尾的名詞變 y 為 i，再加-escountryTcoun triesfactoryTfactories以-o 結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spia noTpia nosphotoTpho

2、tos有些在詞尾加-esheroTheroespotatoTpotatoes以-f, -fe 結(jié)尾的名詞一般要變 f 或 fe 為v + -esselfTselves wolfTwolves少數(shù)直接加-sroofTroofs beliefTbeliefs1.規(guī)則名詞的 5 種復(fù)數(shù)變化形式F 列以-f 結(jié)尾的名詞既可以變f 為 v 后再加-es,也可以直接在變化規(guī)則例詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep, means, series,works,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft變內(nèi)部元音footTfeet,toothTteeth,goosergeese marTme

3、n,womanTwomen,mouseTmice12.不規(guī)則名詞的 2 種復(fù)數(shù)變化形式思維拓展思維拓展fish 表示不同種類的魚時，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為fishes，而表示同一種魚時，其單思維拓展思維拓展f 后加-s：復(fù)數(shù)形式相同；people 指人們”時單復(fù)數(shù)同形，指民族”時，其復(fù)數(shù)為 peoples。3合成名詞的 2 種復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)若有主體名詞，則把主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)；若無主體名詞，則把最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)。passer-by 宀 passersby,sister-in-law 宀 sisters-in-law ,grown- upgrown- ups,housewife 宀 housewives（

4、2） “ man/woman +n.”變復(fù)數(shù)時，作定語的man/woman 和主體名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)：womenengin eers。對點(diǎn)演練單句語法填空1 （2020 浙江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測試）Portma ns educati onal backgrou nd has in flue need one of herprojects （project）.2. （2019 福建省高三質(zhì)檢）“ Alaya , you dont have to do this if you dont want to.Nobody isforcing you. ” Though I said I was nt going to

5、 do it , my feet （foot） carried me toward the pool.3.（2017 全國卷n）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened inLondon.lt ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds （crowd） on theroads above as they travelled to and from work.4. The nu rsery

6、 team switches him every few days （day） with his sister so that while one is beingbottle- fed, the other is with mum she never suspects.5.Recentstudies （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we takeshort breaks regularly.考點(diǎn)二不可數(shù)名詞1.常見的不可數(shù)名詞一般來說，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般也不能用a 或 an修飾。

7、通常只用作不可數(shù)的名詞有：milk , music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter,information , bread, advice, progress, orange（橙汁）,equipment, meat, fun,lug-gage, luck, work（工作）,traffic , furniture , wealth , word（消息），room（空間）,man（人類）等。word 意為消息”，room 意為空間”，man 意為人類”時通常不帶任何修飾詞。2.抽象名詞的具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概

8、念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，常 考的有:思堆拓展思堆拓展單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事物pleasure樂趣令人感到咼興的人或事物attractio n吸引有吸引力的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險令人感到危險的人或事物delight高興令人感到高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人感到驚奇的人或事物shock震驚令人感到震驚的人或事物pride驕傲令人感到驕傲的人或事物對點(diǎn)演練單句改錯1. （2020 鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測）1 liked the airs there because it was fr

9、esh and clean.Many starswere up high in the sky and the moon looked bright. airs air2 . （2019 西安模擬）The words came that our football team won the competition. wordsTword3. To my great joys , Mary took care of me. joysTjoy4 .（2019 山東東營一模）Could you recomma nd some tourist attract ion here ? attract ion

10、Tattractions考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格1.有生命名詞的 3 種所有格情況構(gòu)成示例不以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞加-sMarys e-mail childre ns books以-s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加-the girls dormitory the teachersreadi ng room以-s 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~加-s 或our boss officeEn gelss works2.無生命名詞的 2 種所有格(1)通常用 of 所有格表示The capital of Peru is Lima , which is in the west on the coast.秘魯?shù)氖锥际抢R，位于西部沿海

11、地區(qū)。表示時間、距離、國家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、節(jié)日等的名詞通常用-S 所有格表示。Beijings parks 北京的公園3.雙重所有格雙重所有格的構(gòu)成形式為：名詞+of +名詞的所有格/名詞+ of +名詞性物主代詞。He is a friend of my fathers.他是我父親的一個朋友。（如所屬關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系等），而名詞作定語則主要表示被修飾名詞的特征、性別、用途、功能、內(nèi)容等。對點(diǎn)演練單句改錯1. （2019 合肥一模）But with my teammates en courageme nt, I was able to com muni catesmoothly with

12、 them.teammates teammates2. Now rm feeli ng regretful and disturbed .Im n ot sure whether a computers repair shop can getthe docume nts back. computers computer考點(diǎn)四名詞構(gòu)成法名詞后綴意義例詞-age抽象名詞后綴，表示“行為、狀態(tài)、結(jié)果或總稱”use usage 用途 short shortage 缺乏 marry marriage婚姻 pack package 包裹-ance,-ence抽象名詞后綴，表示“性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為、過程”ac

13、cept accepta nee 接受perform performanee 表演exist existe nee 存在 occuroccurre nee 發(fā)生 differ differenee 不同_ancy,-ency抽象名詞后綴，表示“性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)”expect expecta ncy 期待tendtendency 趨勢，趨向emerge nt emerge ncy 緊急 情況flue nt flue ncy 流利；流暢-dom表示“狀況或狀態(tài)”free freedom 自由 wise wisdom 智慧思維拓展思維拓展-er, -or表示.人，.者”receive receiver 接

14、受者；聽筒carry carrier 攜帶者 begi nbegi nner 初學(xué)者 direct director 主任 operate operator操作者-ia n構(gòu)成人稱名詞，表示“精通的人”technique technician 技術(shù)員-icati on由動詞變化而來的抽象名詞，常意為.化”classify classification 分類com muni cate com muni cati on 交流-ics表示“學(xué)科”economic economics 經(jīng)濟(jì) 學(xué)physic physics 物理學(xué)-ion,-ation,-iti on由動詞構(gòu)成的名詞，表示“行為的過程、

15、結(jié)果、狀況”produce production 生產(chǎn)solute solution 解決方法organize organization 組織；機(jī)構(gòu)con struct con structi on 建設(shè)describe description 扌苗述direct direct ion 方向hesitate hesitation 猶豫compete competition 競爭-ist構(gòu)成人稱名詞，表示 “從事研究者；信 仰主義者”special specialist 專家 piano pianist 鋼琴家 social socialist 社會主義者-ity/ty抽象名詞后綴，表示性質(zhì)re

16、sp on sible resp on sibility責(zé)任similar similarity 相似-me nt抽象名詞后綴，表示行 為、狀態(tài)、過程或結(jié)果advertise advertisement 廣 告develop development 發(fā)展move movement 動作； 活 動achieve achieveme nt 成就equip equipment 設(shè)備improve improvement 改善-n ess加在形容詞后構(gòu)成抽象名詞，表示“狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)或程度”aware aware ness 意識 calm cal mn ess 冷靜 thick thickness 厚度

17、effective effectiveness 有效useful usefu In ess 有用-ship抽象名詞后綴，表示“狀態(tài)”relati on relati on ship 關(guān)系member membership 成員 資格friend friendship 友誼-th由形容詞構(gòu)成名詞，表 示“動作、性質(zhì)和狀 態(tài)”dead death 死亡 warm warmth 溫暖 wide width 寬度true truth 真相-ure抽象名詞后綴，表示“行為和結(jié)果”fail failure 失敗 exposeexposure 暴露 press pressure壓力對點(diǎn)演練單句語法填空1.

18、(2020 陜西檢測一)What happiness (happy) should we find in reviewing the past , and whatregrets?2. (2018 浙江卷Researchers have found that there is a direct li nk betwee n the in crease in foodeate n outside the home and the rise in weight (weigh) problems.3. (2017 全國卷I)Moran says one of the problems with Ja

19、zz today is that the entertainment (enterta in) aspect of the music has bee n lost.4.(2017 浙江卷)Thegovernments argue that this will helpforeigners(foreign) betterjoin the society and promote un dersta nding across cultures.5.Its not uncom mon for a new friend or an acqua intance to come to a simpleco

20、n clusi on(conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must have shown me how to usechopsticks.6. In Chinese folk tales , the lion has become a symbol of bravery (brave), power and good luck.I高考對接名詞在語法填空中的命題點(diǎn)1 .詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞)(2019 浙江卷，64 改編)Other America n studies showed noconn ection (c

21、onnect)betwee n uni forms and school performa nee.2. 考查名詞的數(shù)1(2018 全國卷 川)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories (theory)rather tha n focus ing on Chin ese traditi ons.2(2017 浙江卷語法填空)Last October, while ten di ng her garden in Mora , Sweede n, LenaPahlass on pulled out a h

22、an dful of small carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away.3. 考查名詞的所有格(2019 湖南長沙高三調(diào)研)Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should bemade so that stude nts can have a good rest after a wholemorni ngs (morning) hardwork.過關(guān)演練單句語法填空1._ There are three(woman)doctors in our

23、 factory.答案：women2. The_ (roof) of these cottages were covered with_(leaf).答案：roofs leaves3._ We have taken a lot of(photo)when we visited the GreatWall.答案：photos4. The_ (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.答案：expression5. Due to the_ (apply)of this medical tech no logy , some diseases

24、can be treated at anearly stage.答案：application6. She was unable to attend because of the_ (press)of work.答案：pressure7. The letter was nt addressed to me but I ope ned it out of_ (curious).答案：curiosity8. We all know that wild goats_ (appear)on the vast grasslands is a good indication ofthe better environment.答案：appearanee9._The(direct)on the bottle read : For adults, take one tablet daily , only