Module 5 Philosophers of ancient China Period Four Grammar 課件外研版必修3

1、 作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常置于它所修飾的名詞(或代詞)之后，這種名詞(或代詞)被稱為先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞被稱為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。 Module 5 Philosophers of ancient China Period Four Grammar：Defining attributive clauses & Defining attributive clauses：of whom/in which 課件（外研版必修3，課標(biāo)通用） 限制性定語從句 一、關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞及其在從句中所作的成分 關(guān)系代詞 指代 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?人 物 句子 主語 賓語 表

2、語 定語 who whom that which whose as Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎？ He is the man( whom/ that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。 Can you show me the photo which/that was taken in the West Lake？你能讓我看看在西湖拍的照片嗎？ Ill never forget the day(which/that) we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^的日子。 Ive

3、 become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 解析解析 該空所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作 met的賓語，先行詞指人，故關(guān)系詞用who。 答案答案 A 【單項(xiàng)填空】【單項(xiàng)填空】 1 The old temple_roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose 解析 句意：

4、暴風(fēng)雨中房頂被破壞的那座廟宇正在整修中。所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是 the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中作roof的定語，且表示“誰的”，故用whose。 答案 D 2 Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我們決不會(huì)忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。 The office where he works is on the second floor. 他工作的辦公室在二樓。 The reason why he didnt come was unknown. 他沒來的原因還不清楚

5、。 二、關(guān)系副詞的用法 關(guān)系副詞 指代 先行詞 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間名詞 時(shí)間狀語 where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語 why 原因 reason 原因狀語 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers_I go.Its only 15. Aas Bwhich Cwhere Dthat 解析解析 句意：你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花 30美元嗎？你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。the barber s是先行詞，表示地點(diǎn)，從句中 go是不及物動(dòng)詞，

6、關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。 答案答案 C 【單項(xiàng)填空】【單項(xiàng)填空】 3 三、關(guān)系代詞用that 不用which的情況 1. 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如all，everything ，anything，nothing ，much, few，little，none等。 All that he has done is of little help. 他所做的沒有一點(diǎn)兒幫助。 2. 當(dāng)先行詞(指物)前面有theonly, the last, the next, few, no，all，the very等修飾詞時(shí)。 This is the very man that I want to s

7、ee. 這正是我想見的那個(gè)人。 3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the first letter that he has written to me. 這是他給我寫的第一封信。 4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 We were deeply moved by the man and his story that she told us. 她告訴我們的那個(gè)人和他的故事深深地打動(dòng)了我們。 5. 當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以who，which或或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。特殊疑問句時(shí)。 Who is the man that is wa

8、iting at the school gate? 在學(xué)校門口等的那在學(xué)校門口等的那個(gè)人是誰？個(gè)人是誰？ I refuse to accept the blame for something_was someone elses fault. Awho Bthat Cas Dwhat 解析解析 “that was someone elses fault” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞something ，that 在從句中作主語。 答案答案 B 【單項(xiàng)填空】【單項(xiàng)填空】 4 關(guān)系代詞的選定 如果先行詞指事(物)，關(guān)系代詞就用which，指人用whom。 This is the classroom in

9、 which we studied last year. 這就是我們?nèi)ツ陮W(xué)習(xí)用的教室。 There are sixty students in our class，twenty of whom are girls.我們班有六十名學(xué)生，其中二十 四、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1 介詞的選定 (1)根據(jù)先行詞來選用介詞。 The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help.我來這兒的原因是我想得到你的幫助。 The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new loo

10、k.我曾經(jīng)工作過的農(nóng)場呈現(xiàn)出一派新景象。 2 (2)根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞來選用介詞。 The person to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher. 我我剛才與之講話的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。 China is a beautiful country ，of which we are greatly proud.中國是個(gè)美麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械椒浅ｒ湴?。中國是個(gè)美麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械椒浅ｒ湴痢?(3)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。 This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera. 這個(gè)就是我給

11、他買照相機(jī)的飛行員。 The newly-built cafe，the walls of_are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. Athat BIt Cwhat Dwhich 解析 這里表示咖啡屋的墻，先行詞為cafe，指物，且關(guān)系代詞位于介詞of(表示所屬關(guān)系)后，故用which。 答案 D 【單項(xiàng)填空】【單項(xiàng)填空】 5 Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near f

12、uture. Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which 解析 考查“介詞 which”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。由return to sth結(jié)構(gòu)可知介詞用to。 答案 C 6 電視已經(jīng)走入尋常百姓家，但是電視既有利又有弊。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表中的內(nèi)容，寫一篇短文，談一談電視的利弊，并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。 正反對(duì)比類議論文正反對(duì)比類議論文 【寫作任務(wù)】 電視的益處 電視的弊端 1.如果恰當(dāng)利用，坐在家里就能夠了解有關(guān)歷史、自然、地理科學(xué)。 1.電視能夠使人變得被動(dòng)，它使人們間接地獲取人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 2.電視是一種非凡的教育工具。 2.電視展現(xiàn)給人們永遠(yuǎn)也到不了的一個(gè)世界的映像，

13、所以人們得到的是一個(gè)不利的自我觀點(diǎn)。 3.它能夠以電影、戲劇、演出、肥皂劇等形式吸引觀眾，給人以快樂。 3.電視阻止人們閱讀和交談。 4.對(duì)于獨(dú)處或者生病的人來說，電視又是一個(gè)很好的伴侶。 4.看電視純粹是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 你的觀點(diǎn) 【寫作要求】【寫作要求】 詞數(shù)：120150詞 【寫作分析】 第一步：認(rèn)真審題 (1) 正反對(duì)比類議論文的表現(xiàn)形式是：先提出某個(gè)現(xiàn)象，然后進(jìn)行正反兩方面的論述，是一種限定性的寫作，其論點(diǎn)、論進(jìn)行正反兩方面的論述，是一種限定性的寫作，其論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證相對(duì)比較簡單。它要求同學(xué)們結(jié)合題目要求，從正反兩個(gè)方面陳述各自的理由，要點(diǎn)要全面，層次要清晰，通常最后都要求簡述自己的看

14、法，來引發(fā)人們的思考。 (2) 正反對(duì)比類議論文通常分成四段：第一段綜述議論的內(nèi)容；第二段表述正方觀點(diǎn)及理由；第三段表達(dá)反方的觀點(diǎn)及理由；第四段陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。 寫作時(shí)態(tài) (3)正反對(duì)比類議論文一般是同一時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)當(dāng)前某種觀點(diǎn)的議論用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，對(duì)過去討論的闡述要用一般過去時(shí)，最后在表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第二步：提煉要點(diǎn) 1keep up to date 2a marvelous educational tool 3a very good companion 4become passive 5have a bad self -view 6a waste of time 7in co

15、nclusion 8a very useful thing 9has a very negative effect on 1You can keep up to date with what is going on in the world, learn about history, nature, geography and science in the comfort of your own home. 2It is a marvelous educational tool. 3It is also a very good companion for people who live alo

16、ne or are ill. 4It makes people become very passivethey get all their experience of life second-hand instead of doing it themselves. 第三步：擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句 5It presents images of a world that most people can never attain, so people have a bad self -view. 6It prevents people reading and talking. Much of what is sh

17、own is a complete waste of time. 7In conclusion, I think that, used correctly, TV can be a very useful thing to have in the home, but used badly it has a very negative effect on people. 【參考范文】【參考范文】 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Television Television can be wonderful, if used correctly. You ca

18、n keep up to date with what is going on in the world, learn about history, nature, geography and science in the comfort of your own home. It is a marvelous educational tool. It also provides entertainment in the form of films, plays, shows and soaps which appeal to a wide range of viewers. It is als

19、o a very good companion for people who live alone or are ill. However, there are also serious disadvantages to the TV. It makes people become very passivethey get all their experience of life secondhand instead of doing it themselves. It presents images of a world that most people can never attain,

20、so people have a bad self-view. It prevents people reading and talking. Much of what is shown is a complete waste of time. In conclusion, I think that, used correctly, TV can be a very useful thing to have in the home, but used badly it has a very negative effect on people. 【亮點(diǎn)展示】【亮點(diǎn)展示】 1文章用了對(duì)比的手法展開

21、，先說電視的好處，再說電視的弊端，最后發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明，思路清晰。 2文章用了大量的短語，如 keep up to date ，in the form of，a wide range of，in conclusion, have a very negative effect on. 3文章恰如其分地運(yùn)用了一些過渡性的詞語，如 however，in conclusion 等，使文章讀來流暢，過渡自然。 正反對(duì)比類議論文常用詞匯： (1)對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步論證時(shí)，可用whats more/besides/ in addition/ furthermore/ moreover 等過渡詞。 (

22、2) 提出多個(gè)論據(jù)時(shí)，可用First.Second.Third. (3) 進(jìn)行相似的比較時(shí)可用in comparison; likewise, similarly, in the same matter 等。 (4) 進(jìn)行相反的比較是可用on the other hand, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast; on the contrary; compared to/with等。 【寫作模板】【寫作模板】 正反對(duì)比類議論文常用句型：正反對(duì)比類議論文常用句型： (1)Last week, we had a discussion

23、about whether. (2)There are two different opinions about. (3)Some think that. ，but others say/consider that. (4)Some students are for/agree to it, while/but others are against/disagree to it. (5)On one hand ，.on the other hand. (6)Generally (speaking), more students think we should. (7) First ，.Seco

24、nd, .Finally ，. (8)Besides/In addition/In addition/Also/Apart from it ，. (9)As a result ，.Therefore ，. (10)I have my own view about. 導(dǎo)入：第1段 Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should.(導(dǎo)入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點(diǎn)有分歧) 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.(正方

25、觀點(diǎn)) Here are the reasons. First.Second.Finally.( 列出23個(gè)贊成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點(diǎn)) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place.Whats more.In addition.( 列出23個(gè)反對(duì)的理由) 結(jié)論：第4段 Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more tha

26、n harm good, so I support it.( 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)) 根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。 1根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測詞義根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測詞義 (1)在一個(gè)句子或段落中，有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比的 描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的相反意義猜測其詞義。 如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 猜詞秘訣之二猜詞秘訣之二 【分析】 上

27、面句子中supercilious 是個(gè)生詞，但是句中的短語in contrast( 對(duì)比起來)提示我們supercilious 和后面的詞組humble and modest(謙恭的，謙虛的)是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后，我們便能猜出supercilious 意為“自負(fù)的，傲慢的”。 (2)表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語主要有表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語主要有 unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和和while等。如：等。如： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept worker

28、s from the unskilled ones. 【分析】 該句中并未出現(xiàn)上面提到的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語，但是通過上下文可以判斷出the adept workers 和the unskilled ones是對(duì)比關(guān)系，即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區(qū)分開。這時(shí)我們也能夠推斷出生詞adept 的詞義，即“熟練的”。 根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義 Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious 【分析】 該句中的副詞 similarly 表明 loves to talk 與生詞loquacious 之間是比較關(guān)系。由此可以推斷出 loquacious 的詞義為”健談的”。表示比較關(guān)系的詞語主要有 similarly, like, just as, also 等。 2 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義 在句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)