英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)

1、英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)1、定語從句定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞， 也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞 或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分修飾的先行詞可否省略關(guān)系代詞that 主語或賓語人、物作賓語時可省略which主語或賓語物作賓語時 可省略who、whom、whose主語、賓語和定語人作賓語時可省略關(guān) 系副詞when、where、why時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因時間、地 點(diǎn)、原因一般可省略*限制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行 詞，對先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無逗號，若省去， 原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom, whose,wh

2、ich, that 等。who,whom,whose 用于指人， whose有時也可指物，相當(dāng)于of which； which用于指物；that 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了 引導(dǎo)定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定 語等。T he computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizationsThose who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to ot

3、her people、 The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother> 1）當(dāng) 先行詞是 all, anything, everything, something, nothing 等不定 代詞或先行詞前有 first, last,any, few,much, some,no,only 以及 形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。T hat is all that Ive heard from him. lies the first person that Im going

4、 to interview this afternoon. 2)關(guān)系代詞的省略 在 從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞 賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省 略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語從句句末時，作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞仍 可用 that,也可省略。T his is one of those things with which we have to put up、 This is one of those things (whichthat)we have to put up with、3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有 when,where,why等。

5、關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當(dāng)于一 個“介詞+which” 的結(jié)構(gòu)。E ven in comic books where(=in which)there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which)he was so angry that day、*非限制性定語從句 非限制性 定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個主句，起補(bǔ)充說明作 用，與主句之間有逗號隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可 用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系

6、詞不可省略。E very object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism、* “介詞+whichwhomwhose” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介 詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制 性定語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動詞的固定搭 配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。T his is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar、*as

7、引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 主要用于“such、as"及“the same、as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中， 代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，代替 整個主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。T hese are not such problems as can be easily solved、（as 代替先行詞 problems）As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet、（as 代替主語）2、主語從句1）主語從句可直接位于主語的位置，

8、如果從句 較長，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常 見的句型有：*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that、 *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that、 、 、 *It is clearimportant1ikelypossible that> 、 、 *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. 、 、 It is said that comic books create a connection between people

9、 of the same generation> It seems that the performance is very useful2）what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“、的東西時”， 一般不用 it 作形式主語。W hat we lack is experience 3） what, who, when, why, whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，都用陳述語序。II ow the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again、 I did know why I felt like crying.3、

10、賓語從句1）賓語從句可位于及物動詞、介詞和某些形容 詞后。連詞that?？墒÷?。介詞后一般接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從 句。in that （因?yàn)椋?，except that（除了），but that（只是）已構(gòu)成 固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。*1 promised that I would change the situation、 *A11 this is different from what American young people would say about friendship *He is certain that watching so much telev

11、ision is not good for children、 *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long、2） 關(guān)于賓 語從句連詞的選擇：1若從句來源于一個陳述句，那么，連詞用that,在口語中that可以省略;2若從句來源于一個一般疑問句,連詞則用if或whether；3若從句來源于一個特殊疑問句，則連詞就是疑問詞（如 what,who,where,when 等）*They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human being

12、s、（他們相信計算機(jī)終將代替人類。）（從句本來就是陳述句）* I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster（我不知道是不是該為 他在校長跟前說點(diǎn)什么。）（從句來源于一般問句 Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?）*He asked me where he could get such medicine、 （他問 我在哪兒能搞到那樣的藥。）（從句來源于特殊問句 Where can he get such medicine? ）3） 賓語從句后如有賓補(bǔ)，

13、要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移 至賓補(bǔ)之后。II e has made it clear that he would not change his mind、4）在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞 后的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂 語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。II e didnt think that the money was well spent、4、表語從句在句子中作連系動詞的表語的從句，它位于主句 中的系動詞之后。表語從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+系動詞+表語從 句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that, what, wh

14、en, why, whether, how 等弓【導(dǎo)外，還可由 because, as if （though）等引導(dǎo)。that?？墒÷?。如主句主語為reason,只能 用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可用because、*Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America、 *The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. *It

15、looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller>5、同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步 說明，一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用 whether,who,when,where,what,why,how 等引導(dǎo)。常見的先行詞有 fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion ,order, problem, reportt decision>有時由于謂語較短

16、,將同位 語從句位于謂語之后。S he finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show、 I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time、 The news came that their team had won the championship6、狀語從句*時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞 和詞組有：1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once 等。W e have lear

17、nt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)、 、 when,no sooner、 、 、 than,each(every)time,the moment,immediately(that)o A s soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good newst he jumped with joy、 * 地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where,whe

18、rever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her、 *原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語從句1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞 有：because,as,since,now（that）,seeing that,considering that, in that 等。C onsidering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well > 2）引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有： so、that, such、that , so that, that, so 等。M ickey Mouse

19、 is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave、3）引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest 等，從句常使用may,might, can, could, would 等情態(tài)動詞。W e got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *條件和讓步狀語從句1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 的連詞和詞組有if, unless, as （so）long as,on condition that,in case,provided （providing） that, supposing 等。A s long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit c