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1、初三英語(yǔ)目錄名詞4代詞6冠詞7數(shù)詞9形容詞10副詞11動(dòng)詞14特殊詞15連詞16介詞17詞類又叫詞性,英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個(gè)大類 1 名詞 noun n. 2 代詞 pronoun pron. 3 形容詞 adjective adj.4 副詞 adverb adv.5 動(dòng)詞 verb v.6 數(shù)詞 numeral num.7 冠詞 article art. 8 介詞 preposition prep.9 連詞 conjunction conj.10 感嘆詞 interjection interj.前六類叫實(shí)詞,后四類叫虛詞。 prep =
2、160;介系詞;前置詞,preposition的縮寫(xiě) pron = 代名詞,pronoun的縮寫(xiě) n = 名詞,noun的縮寫(xiě) v = 動(dòng)詞,兼指及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,verb的縮寫(xiě) conj = 連接詞 ,conjunction的縮寫(xiě) s = 主詞 sc = 主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
3、0; o = 受詞 oc = 受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ) vi = 不及物動(dòng)詞,intransitive verb的縮寫(xiě) vt = 及物動(dòng)詞,transitive verb的縮寫(xiě) aux.v = 助動(dòng)詞 ,auxiliary的縮寫(xiě) a = 形容詞,adjective的縮寫(xiě)
4、160; ad = 副詞,adverb的縮寫(xiě) art = 冠詞,article的縮寫(xiě) num = 數(shù)詞,numeral的縮寫(xiě) int = 感嘆詞,interjection的縮寫(xiě) u = 不可數(shù)名詞,uncountable noun的縮寫(xiě) c = 可數(shù)名詞,countable
5、160;noun的縮寫(xiě) pl = 復(fù)數(shù),plural的縮寫(xiě) 語(yǔ)氣詞 int. 縮寫(xiě)詞 abbr. abbr abbreviation(略)略語(yǔ) adj, adjjadjective(s)(形)形容詞 adv, advvadverb(s)(副)副詞 adv partadverbial
6、 particle(副接)副詞接語(yǔ) aux auxiliary(助)助動(dòng)詞 cn countable noun(可數(shù))可數(shù)名詞 conj conjunction(連)連接 def art definite article(定冠)定冠詞 egfor example(例如)例如 esp especi
7、ally(尤指)尤指 etc and the others(等)等等 ie which is to say(意即)意即 indef art indefinite article(不定冠詞)不定冠詞 inf infinitive(不定詞)不定詞 int interjection(感)感嘆詞
8、; n noun(s) (名)名詞 neg negative(ly)(否定)否定的(地) part adj participial adjective(分形)分詞形容詞 pers person(人稱)人稱 pers pron personal pronoun(人稱代)人稱代名詞 pl plural(復(fù))復(fù)數(shù)(
9、的) pp past participle (過(guò)去分詞)過(guò)去分詞 pref prefix(字首)字首 prep preposition(al) (介詞)介詞,介系詞,介詞的 pron pronoun (代)代名詞 pt past tense(過(guò)去)過(guò)去式 sb somebody(某人)
10、某人 sing singular(單)單數(shù)(的) sth something(某事物)某物或某事 suff suffix(字尾)字尾 un uncountable noun(不可數(shù))不可數(shù)名詞 US America(n)(美)美國(guó)(的) vverb(s) (動(dòng))動(dòng)詞 VPVerb
11、Pattern(動(dòng)型)動(dòng)詞類型 v iverb intransitive(不及物動(dòng)詞)不及物動(dòng)詞 vt verb transitive (及物動(dòng)詞)及物動(dòng)詞 除這十大類詞之外,英語(yǔ)還另有判斷詞yes和no。 vi不及物動(dòng)詞 vt及物動(dòng)詞一、名詞名詞概論名詞專有名詞普通名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加 -smap-maps bag-bag
12、scar-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加 -esbus-buses watch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加 -slicense-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加esbaby-babies其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1) 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù):如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):a. 加s,如: photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo
13、-zoos; b. 加es,如:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí): a. 加s,如: belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b. 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves; 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-w
14、omen2)單復(fù)同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō)a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:maths,politics,physics等學(xué)
15、科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。news 是不可數(shù)名詞。 不同國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)名稱總稱(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄國(guó)人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希臘人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Fren
16、chmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美國(guó)人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德國(guó)人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes名詞的格在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s"來(lái)表示所有
17、關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s",復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書(shū)包,men's room 男廁所。2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle工人的斗爭(zhēng)。3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,如:th
18、e title of the song 歌的名字。4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理發(fā)店。5) 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個(gè)'s,則表示'共有'。 如:John's and Mary's room(兩間)John and Mary's room(一間)6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ),'s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。 如:a month or two's absence二、代詞人稱代詞的用法:I s
19、aw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),her作主補(bǔ)) a. - Who broke the vase?-誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶? b. - Me.-我。(me作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.) 并列人稱代詞的排列順序1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q > 第三人稱 > 第一人稱you > he/she; it -> I2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q > 第二人稱 > 第三人稱we>you &g
20、t;They 反身代詞1) Iyouyoushehemyselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfwetheyitoneourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself指示代詞指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞, 疑問(wèn)代詞指人: who, whom, whose指物: what既可指人又可指物: which 代詞比較辯異one, that和it one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個(gè),而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。I can't
21、 find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個(gè))I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物) 三、冠詞不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一個(gè)"的意思。 定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那(這)個(gè)"的意思。1)特指雙方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把藥吃了
22、。2)上文提到過(guò)的人或事: He bought a house. I've been to the house.3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二層。6)與復(fù)數(shù)名
23、詞連用,指整個(gè)群體:They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前:the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國(guó)9)用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前:She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Gree
24、ns格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)11) 用在慣用語(yǔ)中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 零冠詞的用法冠詞與形容詞
25、+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。 He raises a black and a white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。2) 如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞,則指一物。He raises a black and white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。 冠詞位置1) 不定冠詞位置 不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意:a. 位于下列形容詞之后: such,what,many,half,such an animal; Many a manb. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:It is
26、as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。2) 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all, both,dou
27、ble,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。 四、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞的用法1)倍數(shù)表示法 a. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length) ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的
28、49倍。 c. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù):1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths五、形容詞及
29、其用法 形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.用形容詞表示類別和整體某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
30、詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì),類別-名詞 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school典型例題:1) Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two other B. two little other
31、C. two other little D. little other two答案:C。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案A. 3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the _days at the seasid
32、e.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案:B。 六、副詞及其基本用法副詞的排列順序:時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close與closel
33、yclose意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 與lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep與deeply deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"He pushed the
34、stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high與highly high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于muchThe plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide與widely wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)fre
35、e與freelyfree的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely 的意思是"無(wú)限制地"You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)1) 規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾
36、的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice(好的)large(大的)able(有能力的)nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estbig(大的)hot (熱的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiest busiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever(聰明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernar
37、rowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2) 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad (壞的)ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠(yuǎn)的)farther/furtherfa
38、rthest/furthest可修飾比較級(jí)的詞a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例題:1)- Are you feeling _? - Yes,I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案:B. any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite修飾原級(jí),well的比較級(jí)為better. 2)The experiment was_ easier than
39、 we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案:C. much可修飾比較級(jí),因此B,C都說(shuō)得通,但easier本身已是比較級(jí),不需more,因此C為正確答案。3)If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案:D。 和more有關(guān)的詞組1) the more the more越
40、就越The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.2) more B than A與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.3) no more than 與一樣,不比多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than與一樣He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是,非常She is more than kind to us all.典型例題1)The
41、weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案:D. 本題意為"中國(guó)的天氣比美國(guó)熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國(guó)家,C不能選。A沒(méi)有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D。2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year
42、 before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 答案C. 此句意為"這個(gè)廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍"。 表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對(duì)象"的句型。所以此句答案為C。This ruler is three times as long as that one七、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ),可分為兩類,分別是:及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive Verb)、不及物動(dòng)詞(Intransitive Verb),縮寫(xiě)形式分別為
43、vt. 和vi.。 系動(dòng)詞1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:He is a teacher. 2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。3)表像系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.他看起來(lái)很累。4)感官系動(dòng)詞:感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:Th
44、is kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.5)變化系動(dòng)詞:這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,變化系動(dòng)詞有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他瘋了。6)終止系動(dòng)詞:表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)","變成"之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查證實(shí)很難。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1)不定式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)
45、態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done2)動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3)分詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定形式: not +不定式,not + 動(dòng)名詞,not + 現(xiàn)在分詞八、特殊詞精講stop doing/to do stop to do停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a ci
46、garette. I must stop smoking.典型例題She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest答案:C。 forget doing/to do forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.He forg
47、ot turning the light off. 典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh,I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案:C。remember doing/to do remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.Don't you rememb
48、er seeing the man before? regret doing/to do regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做)regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.I don't regret telling her what I thought.典型例題-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be
49、doing C.to have done D.having done答案:D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說(shuō)的話感到后悔,因此選D。 try doing/to do try to do努力,企圖做某事。try doing試驗(yàn),試著做某事。You must try to be more careful. I tried gardening but didn't succeed. go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后,接著做另一件事。go on d
50、oing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics.Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢,膽怯去做某事,是主觀上的原因不去做,意為"怕";be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的,為"生怕,恐怕"。She was afraid to w
51、ake her husband. She was afraid of waking her husband mean doing/to do mean to do打算、想mean doing意味著I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 九、連詞連詞是一種虛詞, 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如:and, but, or, n
52、or, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then等等。 notbut 意思為"不是而是" not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 比較so和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾
53、形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much, little連用,形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可數(shù)such +n. 不可數(shù)so foolish ;such a fool so nice a flower;such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers;such nice flowers so much/little money;such
54、 rapid progressso many people ;such a lot of people 十、介詞介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類,短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞,一、概念:1)介詞(是prepositions,簡(jiǎn)稱prep),又稱前置詞,是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一,連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng),可以用來(lái)表示各種不同的意思。英語(yǔ)里大部分習(xí)語(yǔ)都是由介詞和其他詞構(gòu)成
55、的。介詞在句中一般不重讀。在定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+who/which”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用that 代替who/which。She is a good student from who we should learn. 2)介詞的種類 介詞分簡(jiǎn)單介詞和短語(yǔ)介詞兩種,簡(jiǎn)單介詞及單個(gè)介詞,如 in ,under ,on ,for ,after ,等,短語(yǔ)介詞指多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞,如in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。 二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講介詞口訣:自從以當(dāng)為按照,由于對(duì)于為了到;和跟把比在關(guān)于,除了同對(duì)向往朝;用在名詞代詞前,修飾名代要記牢。. 1.表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞1)at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近,旁邊” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。 on 表
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