Unit1人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法與知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法與知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 1第一音B 分：Grammar情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verbs)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)"，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng) 和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。1.should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句啟7E句主語(yǔ) +should+doThey should eat a balaced diet.他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。否定句主語(yǔ) +should not +doThey shouldn't eat too much.他們不該吃得太多。一般疑問(wèn)句-Should + 主語(yǔ) +do

2、+？-yes,主語(yǔ)+should.-No,主語(yǔ)+shouldn't.-It s too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶(hù)嗎？-Yes, you ./No, you.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。2.should的用法用法例句表示勸告、建議Youanswer the question in English.你應(yīng)該用英語(yǔ)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。表示推測(cè)Theybe at home now, I think.我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿(mǎn)等HowI know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢？注意：should在以why, who, how

3、等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句中，意為“竟然，居然，怎么會(huì)” 表示意外、驚喜或在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)是不可思議的。其他表示建議的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+ ?Shall we 嗎？ fora walk?咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶肳hat/How about+doing/sth ?What about 樣？swimming?去游泳怎么Lets + do-?Let's看他們吧。and _them.咱們?nèi)タ碮oud/We d better (not) + do ?We我們最好再稍等一一會(huì)兒。_ wait a little longer.Why don't you + do ?Why don't

4、 you為什么不出去散步呢？_ a walk outside?Why not + do ?Why 為什么不出去散步呢？a walk outside?反身代詞表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。 或第三人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加反身代詞是由A人稱(chēng)、第二人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞 self或sekes組成。反身代詞可譯"本人"、"本身"，為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱(chēng)代詞 one-oneself. 1、反身代詞的分類(lèi)荻大稱(chēng)第人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyou

5、rselvesthemselves2、反身代詞的用法用法說(shuō)明例句作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常用丁 enjoy,teach,hurt,buy, introduce,dress,help,look after, get dressed 作賓語(yǔ)He is teaching English.他在自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。We enjoyed lastnight.昨天晚上我們玩得很開(kāi)心。做介詞的賓語(yǔ)常用于 in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語(yǔ)She lives by inthe countryside.她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。做同位語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Did you make the cake ? 這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？M

6、r. Black is alawyer.布萊克先生本人就是一名律 師。做表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己”Just be .做你自己就好了。Maryhasn't quite been recently.瑪麗最近有些不對(duì)勁。第二部分：?jiǎn)卧~用法Section A1. What s the matter?怎么了？該句常用詢(xún)問(wèn)某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩，其后用 with引出對(duì)象。1) . What's the matter with sb.?=what s wrong with sb.?=what s the trouble/problem with sb.?=what s ones troubl

7、e/problem?e.g. What s the matter with Tom?=what s with Tom?=What's the with Tom?=What's Tom's ?2) . matter,名詞，”問(wèn)題，事情”e.g. We have important (matter) to discuss.我們有些重要的問(wèn)題要討論。3) .動(dòng)詞，“要緊，關(guān)系重大”e.g. It dosen't that you came late.2. I have a cold.我感冒了。1) .have/get/catch a cold 感冒，著涼”The ol

8、d man a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2) . have +a/an +疾病名稱(chēng)"意為"得了.病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache 3. I have a sore back.我背痛?！癐 have a sore +身體部位"意為“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容詞，意為“疼痛的；酸 痛的”用于身體部位名詞前sore feetsore leg sore throatache名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞headache; stomachache4. lie down and and rest.

9、1) .lie的不同含義及詞性變化單詞詞性詞義現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞lie動(dòng)詞躺;平躺lyinglayLainlie動(dòng)詞說(shuō)謊lyingliedLiedlie名詞謊百無(wú)無(wú)無(wú)Katy (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書(shū)。He (lie) to me about the result.對(duì)于結(jié)果他對(duì)我說(shuō)了謊。2) . rest動(dòng)詞，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace.have/take a rest 休息，放松 =rest5. You need to take breaks away from th

10、e computer.take breaks = take/have a break 休息We are a break under the tree.我們正在樹(shù)下休息。6. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 是的，我想我以同樣的姿勢(shì) 一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐太久了。1) . In the same way:以同樣的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way.2) .without為介詞，意為“無(wú)，沒(méi)有，不”You can't buy

11、things money!你沒(méi)有錢(qián)就買(mǎi)不了東西。He left without anything.他什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)就離開(kāi)了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road. 這時(shí)， 司機(jī)看至U路邊躺著 位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽(tīng)到的動(dòng)作的正在進(jìn)行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽(tīng)到的動(dòng)作的完整性e.g. I often him in the garden last month.上個(gè)月，我總是看到他在花園里干活。(

12、強(qiáng)調(diào)全過(guò)程)I him in the garden when I passed by yersterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.1) .expect +名詞/代詞 “期待；預(yù)料”I am a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話(huà)。2) .expect to do sth.She expects to go there next week.她期望下周去那里。3) .expect sb. to

13、do sth. He expected her to go with him.4) .expect +that 從句 I expect that he 'll come back tomorrow.9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.1) . to one s ,surprise使驚訝的是，出乎 意料”my(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.讓我驚訝的是，他拒絕與我們合作。2) . agree “同意”a. agree to do sth.同意做某事”b. agr

14、ee with sb.c. agree on sth. 就某事達(dá)成一致 ”e.g. My mother agreed(buy) me a new pen.I entirely agree you.We agree the question.10.辨析 thanks to /thanks forthanks to多虧，由于”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、 代詞或doingthanks for因而感謝”，for后接感謝的原因，常為 名詞或doing形式，Thanks you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒(méi)有迷路。Thanks sending me such a nice gift.謝謝你寄

15、給我這么好的一個(gè)禮物。11. get into trouble 造成麻煩(或煩惱)；陷入困境"trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。 be in trouble 再麻煩和困境中“ e.g. Lisa trouble when she climed the mountain.Let us help the people who are.12. Did you fall down? fallfellfallenfall down意為“倒下”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，加from連接兵語(yǔ)，fall down from ,表tk 從摔卜fall off跌落”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從某處跌落，摔卜來(lái)

16、”=fall down frome.g. The dog down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。The boy the tree and broke his legs.The girl the bike.Section B1. Someone felt sick.Sick;生病的，惡心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定語(yǔ)，也可以用作表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)時(shí)“惡心的”ill既可以作定語(yǔ)，也可以用作表語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)：表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel.He is an student, because he

17、smokes and drinks.I have to look after my sister home at home today.2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。1) .get hit為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞，表示 某身體部位受到了撞擊”e.g. The police officer on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了 撞擊。2) . hit,打擊，擊中”如果強(qiáng)調(diào)“集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the +身體部位"e.g. The bullet

18、 hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。3) .hit可以做名詞，“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功的人或事；風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once.3. have problems breathing1) . breathe, a.動(dòng)詞 "呼吸"e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race.b.名詞，breath ,沒(méi)有"e"take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold one's breath 屏住呼吸2) . have pr

19、oblems (in) doing sth.做某事有困難或麻煩”e.g. I have English.我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)有困難。4. 辨析 be used to doing/ be used to do /used to dobe used to doing思為 習(xí)慣于 ，to是介詞+名詞/doingbe used to do意為“被用來(lái)做” to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形used to do意為“過(guò)去常?！?，to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形e.g. I am to up early.我習(xí)慣早起。A pen is to.鋼筆是用來(lái)寫(xiě)字的。He to books for an hour every day.他

20、過(guò)去常常每天讀一個(gè)小時(shí)的書(shū)。5. find +賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ)1) . find 賓語(yǔ) adj. We found him dishonest.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。2) .find 賓語(yǔ) doing We found him others' homework.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作 業(yè)。3) .find賓語(yǔ) 副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)I am so glad to find you.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。I found the clothes style.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過(guò)時(shí)了。6.辨析run out/run out of 用盡，耗盡run out動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是

21、“事物”時(shí)間，金錢(qián)等run out of“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以接賓語(yǔ)，主 語(yǔ)通常是“人”O(jiān)ur money is out.我們的錢(qián)快用光了。We are running out money.我們的錢(qián)快用光了。7.辨析 so that /so - thatso that“以便，為了 ”=in order that,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。so .that如此以至于，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so為副詞，+adj/adv;that后跟從句?？梢耘c- enough to do 和too to do 進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. They got up early they could catch the early bus.Say