therebe用法全集

1、there be用法大全1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、構(gòu)成：There be句型表示的是某處有（存在）某人或某物”其結(jié)構(gòu)為Therebe（is, are，was, were ）+名詞+地點狀語。例如：There are fifty-two stude nts in our class.There is a pen cil in my pen cil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago. 二、各種句式： 否定句：There be句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有 be動詞的其它句型一樣，在be 后加上“not。也可用“no來表示。即：no +

2、 n.（名詞）=notaanany + n.（名 詞）。注意：no + n.（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）=not aan + n.（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）；no + n.（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）=not any + n.（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）;no + n.（不可數(shù)名詞）=not any + n.（不可數(shù)名詞）。例如：There is an orange in her bag. f There isn an Orange in her bag. f There is no orange in her bag.There are some oran ges in her bag. f There aren ' t any

3、 oranges in her bag.f There are no oran ges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.f There isn ' t any juice in the bottle.f There is no juice in the bottle.一般疑問句：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句變化只需把be動詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。例如：There is some money in her han dbag.f Is there any money in her handbag?疑問句和否定句中， s

4、ome改為 any, something 改為 anything.)There is somethi ng new in todays n ews paper.f There isn ' t anything riiewoday ' s newspaper. f Is there anything new in today' s newspaper?特殊疑問句:There be句型的特殊疑問句有以下三種形式： 對主語提問：當(dāng)主語是人時，用“Who s +介詞短語？”；當(dāng)主語是物時，用“What' S介詞短語？”。其中there在口語中常常省略。注意：無論原句的主

5、語是 單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對其提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式（回答時卻要根據(jù)實際情況來 決定）。如：There is a bird in the tree.7 What' s in the tree?7 What' s over there?There are some bikes over there.There is a little girl in the room.7 Who is in the room? 對地點狀語提問：用“Where is are +主語？”表示（注意其答語變化）：例如:There is a compu ter in my office.7 Where i

6、s the compiter? -It ' s in my office.There are four childre n in the classroom.7 Where are the four childre n? They' re in the classroom. 對數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種提問方式：如果主語是可數(shù)名詞，無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用“ How many可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+are there +介詞短語？ ”表示：There are twelve mon ths in a year.7 How many mon ths are there in a year?Ther

7、e is only one book in my bag.7 How many books are there in your bag?There is a cat in the box.7 How many cats are there in the box?如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞，則用“ How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +介詞短語？ ” 表示：There is some money in my pu rse. How much money is there inyour pu rse?There is a beautiful girl in the garde n, is

8、n反意疑問句:There be或There加其它動詞，其反意疑問句一律用 there?例如:'t there?There used to be no school here, used there did there?三、注意事項：1. There be句型中be動詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如果句子的主語是單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，或是不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞用“is ”“wa例如:There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，be動詞就用“are ”“we例如:T

9、here are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.如果有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語，be動詞要和最靠近它的那個主語在數(shù)上 保持一致，也就是我們常說的就近原則”例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.2. There與be中間可插入一些表推測的情態(tài)動詞、表時態(tài)的短語和一些動詞短語（如和將來時be going to will、

10、現(xiàn)在完成時 havehas + pp.、used to結(jié)構(gòu)等連 用，注意其構(gòu)成形式，這一內(nèi)容在我們?nèi)粘＞毩?xí)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)錯誤，是一難點,也是歷 年中考試題中的一個考點.）。例如：There must be a pen in the box.There happened to be some money in my po cket.There is going to be a meet ing toni ght.There has bee n a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church across from the ban

11、k.3. There be句型和havehas的區(qū)別：There be句型表示 存在有”，haVbas表示 擁有”所有”兩者不能同時使用.例如：桌子上有三本書.There are three books on the desk.我有三本書.I have three books.2. 主謂一致要采取就近一致原則，和靠近be的主語一致。如：There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只鋼筆，兩把尺子。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 口有兩個男孩，一個老 師。3. There be+名

12、詞+分詞這種句式中分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。doing表示動作和前面 名詞有主謂關(guān)系，過去分詞done和前面名詞有被動關(guān)系。如：There is a man sitti ng on the fence.有個人正坐在籬笆上。There was a car stole n last ni ght .昨晚有輛車被偷了。這種句式可以用"主語+be+分詞"這一結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。例如：There is a boy playing with a puppy in the yard. ( = A boy is playing witha puppy in the yard.)一個男孩

13、正在院子里和一只小狗玩耍。There has been more money spent on armaments than on famine relief. (=Moremoney has been spent on armaments than on famine relief.) 花在軍備上的錢比花在救災(zāi)上的錢還多。4. 反意疑問句。反意疑問句應(yīng)與 there be 對應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語。如：There is a radio on the table, is n't there?桌子上有一臺收音機，是吧 ？There are more than fifty classes in

14、 your school, aren't there?你們班有 50 多名 學(xué)生，是吧 ?5. there be 與 have 的替換there be 表示所屬時可與 have 替換。There is nothing but a book in my bag. = I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本書。6. there be 后接不定式時常用主動形式表示被動意義。如： There is a lot of work to do. 有許多工作要做。注意：當(dāng)該句型主語是 something, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時

15、，后面的 不定式用主動形式或被動形式，意義各不同。There is nothing to do. 沒有事可做。There is nothing to be done.沒有辦法(束手無策)。7. 與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。如：There may be a rain this after noon.今天下午可能有雨。There used to be a cin ema here before the wa 戰(zhàn)爭之前，這兒有一家電影院。8. 變體there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be 有時可用 live, stand, remain 等代替。如：Once there lived a king who c

16、ared more about new clothes than anything else. 從前有位國王喜歡新服勝過別的任何東西。9. 習(xí)慣用語There is no good /use (in) doing sth.做某事沒有好處 /用處;There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽誤。例如：There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友沒有什么好處。He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to lose. 他病得厲害， 把他

17、送到醫(yī)院去，一刻也不能耽誤。there is/are一 般過去時：therewas/werethere will be;過去將來時：there would be;there has/have bee 過去完成時：there had bee n be going to 在 there be 句型中的運用。例如：There be表示存在的 有”，他有各種時態(tài)，如： 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般將來時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 要特別注意There is going to be a film in the meeti ng hall 學(xué)校禮堂里將有一場電影。 還可擴展為許多其它句型，下面筆者對There be句型的擴展作一

18、歸納。一 There be+主語這種句式表示事物的客觀存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主語放在后面, 可以用來表示現(xiàn)在時、過去時、完成時和將來時。例如 :There is a boy on the pl aygro unc操場上有個男孩。There has bee n a lot of ra in this month.這個月雨水很多。There will be an announ ceme nt soon.不久會發(fā)布告。，There are + n（復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞）+ and + n（復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞） 該句型表示同一類人或物的不同性質(zhì)，尤其表示有好壞優(yōu)劣之分，意為 “有

19、 各種各樣的 ”、“種種不一 ”等。如：There are frie nds and frie nds.朋友有種種，有益友，有損友。There is tea and tea.茶葉有好有差。四，There be+名詞+動詞不定式這種句式中的及物動詞（動詞不定式）也可改成被動式，意為"（沒）有要做 "。例如 ：There is a lot of work to do （to be done）. 有許多工作要做。There was no time to wait for you. 沒有時間再等你了。注意：There is nothing to do與 There is nothi

20、ng to be done.含義不同。前者意 為："無事可做",后者意為 "沒有辦法 "。試比較：There is nothing to do-I'm bored.無事可做 -我感到悶得慌。 (=There is nothing to entertain me.) 沒有什么活動 來消遣。There is nothing to be done-we'll have to buy another one沒有辦法-我們只好 另外買一個了。 (= There is no way off putting it right.)五There is+no

21、+動名詞這種句式可與"It is impossible+動詞不定式"替換，意為"無法做某事"。例如：There is no stopping him. (=lt is impo ssible to stop him.無法阻止他。There is no guessing what will happen. 無法猜到將會發(fā)生什么。六， There is(no) need for+ 名詞該句式意為"(不)需要"。例如：There is no need for anxiety. 不需要擔(dān)心。There is a great n eed for

22、 a book on this subject非 常需要有一本關(guān)于這個題目 的書。七，There is no need+動詞不定式.例如：There is no n eed for him to come不 需要他來了。There is no n eed (for you) to start yet.你)現(xiàn)在還沒有必要動身。八，There is no use+動名詞該句式可與"It is no use+動名詞"互換,意為"無用(無濟于事)"。例如：There is no use wait ing any Ion ger.(=It is no use wa

23、it ing any Ion ger.)再等下去 是沒有用的。There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 現(xiàn)在想和解也無濟于事了。九，There is nothing / not anything like該句型中 “nothing/ not anythinglike 相當(dāng)于 “nothing / not anything better / more suitable than，意為 沒有”什么比更好/更合適/更有效了 ”。女口：There is nothing like a bookfor taking you out of your

24、self. 沒有什么比書更能使你解脫自己了。There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.作為保持健康的方法 ,沒有什么比散步更好的了。十， There is nothing more.than該句式意為"再不過了"。例如：There is nothing more dan gerous tha n an illusi on of security 太平無事的想法 是再危險不過的了。十， There is no(not any) point in+ 動名詞該句式意為 ：" 是沒有意義 (思)的。&q

25、uot;例如：There is no point in doing so. 這樣做是沒有意義的。There is not any point in harping on the same old tune. 沒有必要再重復(fù)這一套。 十二，情態(tài)動詞及 ought to， have to，used to用在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： There must be something wrong with the machin，e for it doesn 't run well. 機器一定出了毛病，因為他運轉(zhuǎn)不正常。There oughtn 't to be too great

26、a difference in our views. 我們的看法不應(yīng)該存在太大的分歧。There might be some good songs after all this trash. 在播放了這些亂七八糟的歌曲之后 ,可能會放幾首好歌。If the power hadn't been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fire. 要不是迅速切斷電源 ,可能會引發(fā)一場大火。十三,There is a possibility of（或 that）該句式表示 "有可能 "。例如 :There is a

27、possibility of my going to Denmark. (= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Denmark.) 我有可能去丹麥。十四,There+人稱代詞 +come(go)/there come(go)+名詞該句式是there作感嘆詞放在句首。如果主語是人稱代詞，則動詞放在其后;如果主語是名詞 ,則動詞放在其前。例如 :There they come他們來了 !There comes the bus at las公共汽車終于來啦！ 十五,.There+動詞這種句式只限于表示存在某種狀態(tài)、發(fā)生某種事或某事、

28、某人到達等動詞 , 意義比 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)格更為生動貼切。如 live,lie seem,appear,happen tand,exist,arise,enter,come,go,remai，n exist,rise,occur,flow,arrive,enter,follow 等。而 不適用于表示一般具體行動的動詞。例如 :Many years ago， there lived an emperor who cared more for clothes than foranything else. 許多年前有位皇帝熱衷于漂亮的衣服勝過其他東西。There stands a tall

29、building across the river over there. 河對面聳立著一幢高層建筑物。There goes the bel 鈴響了。There comes a knock at the doo 有人敲門。There remai ns one questi on to be discusse還剩一個問題要討論。There seems to be somethi ng wrong about it這事好像有點兒不大對頭。There app ears to be no one who can an swer this question!來沒人能夠回答這 個問題。There will

30、 follow an interval of five minutes. 隨后將有五分鐘的休息。十六，There are/is certain(sure , likely)to be該結(jié)構(gòu)的意義為肯定有/可能有。 例如：Thereare like to be more difficulties tha n you were prep ared for 很可能會遇到你預(yù)想不到的困難。There are sure to be a restaura nt some where 某處肯定有個飯店。十七，There +be+ed 分詞 +to be 常用動詞有：say，expect, believe,

31、consider，think，mean，構(gòu)成信息來源模糊表達式。例如：There is/are said to be a nu mber of woun ded on both sides據(jù)說雙方都有不少受傷。There is/are exp ected to be an excit ing film n ext week 預(yù)計下周有一步精彩電影上演。十八 v + there to be 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞往往是： expect, want, intend, mean, consider, like, hate, prefer 等接不定式做賓語的動詞。如：We don t want there t

32、o be any students falling behind我們不想有任何學(xué)生落 后。I should prefer there tobe no disscusion 我希望沒有討論。 動詞 let 后接 there be 做賓語補足語。如：Let there be no mis under standing 不要產(chǎn)生誤會。十九 There being/having been 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。如：There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was burned black by the sun.好長時間未下雨，大

33、地都給太陽烤焦了。二十 There(not) being/there(not) having been 用作 ing 分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句 中做主語或賓語。例如：There being a bus stop so n ear the house is an adva ntagg故主語) 公共汽車站離家這末近是一很有利的條件。I dreamed of there being a holiday tomorrow。 我夢想明天有一假日。, for ther to be 為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)例如：For there to be no late comers was unusu。 沒人遲到這是不尋常的事。I

34、t is not cold eno ugh for there to be frost天還不夠冷不足以有霜凍。二十二， There is nothing for it but to do sth該句型相當(dāng)于 “There is no choice but to do sth意為 別無他法，只能”。如：There is nothing for it but to do what is required. 只能按要求去做了， 別無他法。(=I have no choice but to do what it required.)二十三， There is+no+ 動名詞這種句式可與“Itis im

35、possible+動詞不定式”替換，意為無法做某事”。例 如:There is no stopping him. (=It is imp ossible to stop him.)無 法阻止他。There is no guessing what will h a p p e n .無法猜到將會發(fā)生什么。二十四， There is(no) need for+ 名詞該句式意為“不)需要”。例如：There is no n eed for an xiety.不需要擔(dān)心。There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一本關(guān)于這個 題目的書

36、。二十五，There is no need+動詞不定式例如 :There is no n eed for him to come.不需要他來了。There is no need (for you) to start yet. 你( )現(xiàn)在還沒有必要動身。二十六，There is no use+動名詞該句式可與“It is no use動名詞”互換，意為“無用(無濟于事)”例如:There is no use wait ing any Ion ger.(=It is no use wait ing any Ion ger.)再 等下 去是沒有用的。There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 現(xiàn)在想和解也無濟于事了。二十七， There is nothing to do該句式與 There is nothing to be done. 含義不同。前者意為