普陀新王牌高中英語狀語從句

1、高一英語語法知識（6）狀語從句(1)時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。一、時間狀語從句1、when, while, as 引導時間狀語從句1).when(at or during the time that) 只表示一般的時間關(guān)系，它既可指時間的一點(a point of time)，也可指一段時間(a period of time)。用when時，從句的動作可與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，也可先于主句的動作，因此when用得最多。When the clock struck twelve, a

2、ll the lights went out.Don't forget to return this book for me, when you go to the library.2).while(during the time that) 只能指一段時間，而不能指一點時間。用while時，從句的動作或者與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，或者主句的動作是在從句的動作的進展過程中發(fā)生的。因此，從句中的謂語必須是表示延續(xù)性動作或狀態(tài)的動詞。這是while與when的主要差別。Strike while the iron is hot. Please don't talk so loud whi

3、le people are working.3). as (at the same moment that) 往往可與when通用，但它著重指從句與主句的動作相伴隨發(fā)生，可譯成："一面一面"，表示"隨著"時，as用得較多。Kate read the book as she went along. We took notes as we listened to the lecture.As it became more common for women to work outside the house, men began to share the ho

4、usework. 隨著婦女就業(yè)普遍了，男職工分擔了家務勞動。注意：1).在用when和while連接的從句中，常省略與主句相同的主語和相應的be，而在as連接的從句中一般則不省略。Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.He fell asleep while (he was) studying his grammar book.While in London, he studied music. When (they are) heated, metals expand.2).when和while還可作并列連詞用：A. when做連詞引導并列句

5、,譯為“這時”，表示同時，前面有逗號，不能用while代替。所構(gòu)成的并列句句型有：was/were about to do whenwas/were on one's way whenwas/were on the point of doingwhen 剛好做某事這時was/were doing when 正好做某事這時had done when 剛好做完某事這時Joan was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park when she was bitten on the leg by a lion.I was about to go

6、 to bed when the telephone rang.B. while 做連詞引導并列句,譯為“而”表示對比。I like singing while she likes dancing.2. as soon as “一就” 引導時間狀語從句,類似意思的連詞還有九個，分三組： the moment immediately No sooner .thanthe minute directly Hardly.whenthe instant instantly Scarcely . when.u 第一組：the+名詞the moment/ the minute/ the instantu

7、第二組：ly 形式immediately/ directly/ instantlyu 第三組 倒裝句/ No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/ ScarcelywhenThe moment she comes, I'll call you. She left here immediately the clock struck 12.Hardly had he got off the bus when he heard a loud noise.提醒同學們Hardly . when ./ No sooner. than./ Scarcely.when.主句用過去完成時，從句用

8、一般過去時。3. before/after引導時間狀語從句, 此處重點注意before的用法：1)“還沒等”謂語不用否定式。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone。2）當before引導的從句位于主句之后，譯成“才/就”，It was evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.到了晚上我們才到達Winchester小鎮(zhèn)。3）“趁著還沒”Lets leave here before it is dark.固定句型：It will (not) be some time

9、before do It was (not) some time beforedidIt wont be long beforedo It wasnt long beforedid4. until/till （till 不用于句首及強調(diào)句），引導時間狀語從句1).not.until/till. 直到才，主句謂語是終止性動詞用否定式。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work.2).until/till.直到.為止，主句謂語是延續(xù)性動詞用肯定式。We were told that we should follow the main road

10、 until we reached the central railway station.3) It is not untilthat.強調(diào)句式It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.4)Not until放在句首時，主句倒裝。Not until he came close to me did I recognize him.5.since引導時間狀語從句，主句要用完成時1)主句（現(xiàn)在完成時）.ever since.狀從（過去時）譯為”自從”Mr Li has been here ever s

11、ince he came back. 2)It is (has been) +段時間. since.狀從（過去時） It was +段時間.since.狀從（過去完成時）since后用的動詞不同，動作的起算時間不同：since終止性動詞的過去式，從該動作發(fā)生時算起since+延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，從該動作結(jié)束時算起或譯成否定意思。It is five years since they married. It is over ten years since he worked here.6. 引導時間狀語從句的還有： the first time each time by the time the

12、 last time every time the next time其中by the time句型有時態(tài)的要求。By the time +狀從（過去時），主句（過去完成時）By the time +狀從（現(xiàn)在時），主句（將來完成時）Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.By the time she came back, all the guests had left.By the time the class is over, we will have learned the whole passage.7. 注意：1）主句與時

13、間狀語從句的時態(tài)原則是主將從現(xiàn)Will you please bring me your book when you come here tomorrow?二原因狀語從句1.引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：1) because 譯為 “因為”用來回答why的提問，表示直接原因，語氣強烈 ，強調(diào)原因狀語從句可用在強調(diào)句中，著重點在從句， It was because he was ill that he did not go with us. In

14、that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.2) since 譯為 “既然”，“鑒于”， since 的語氣比because弱。表示關(guān)系上的明顯原因，特別用于對方已經(jīng)清楚的事情，無須要加以說明的既成事實的理由，全句中心在主句。Since you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 3) as 譯為“由于” 語氣最弱，表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”，說明一般的因果關(guān)系，全句中心在主句（即可于句首，也可于句中）。As he didnt know much English, he

15、and looked up the word “cough” in the dictionary.4）now that/seeing that/considering that 譯為 “既然”用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論，于(句首), that可省。Now (that) everyone is ready, lets have our competition.Seeing (that) its raining, wed better stay indoors.Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion.注意

16、:1) for引導的原因狀語，屬于并列句，而不是狀語從句，只能放在句中連接兩個并列句。通常for引導的并列句，前一分句表示推測意思，后句話是補充說明前句的。for引導的句子只能放在第二個分句的位置，并且必須用逗號將其與第一個分句隔開。She must be from America, for she speaks perfect English.He could not have seen me, for I was not there.2)主從句主語一致，從句可改用分詞做狀語Being an honest man, he is trusted by all of us.Not having

17、completed the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.這兩句因為前后句的主語一致，并表示主動關(guān)系，我們可以把從句部分改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。例1為：Being + n 例2：動詞有先后次序，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時having done.3)除以上提到的比較熟悉的引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時也可引導原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”)I wont tell you when you wont listen. 2其他表示原因的方式除了狀語從句外，一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：because of,

18、 thanks to, due to, owing to 等。3.關(guān)于notbecause結(jié)構(gòu) “not . because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not一般否定的是because引導的整個從句。The country is not strong because it is large. 國強不在大。但該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞有時也否定主句，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思和上下文作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗號，否則會引起歧義。I didnt go，because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因為怕。I didnt go because I was afraid. 我不是因

19、為怕才去。不過若because之前有just修飾，一般認為not 是否定從句的：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。4.because習慣上不與so連用漢語習慣上說“因為所以”，但英語習慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用：因為下雨，所以我們呆在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. It was raining, so we stayed at home.誤：Because it was raining, so

20、 we stayed at home. 5.because 從句與 because of短語的轉(zhuǎn)換Because引導的原因狀語從句有時可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換：1) He cant come because he is ill. He cant come because of his illness. 2) I said nothing about it because his wife was there. I said nothing about it because of his wifes being there.三.鞏固練習1. 在下列句子的空格中填入適當?shù)倪B詞(每空一詞)

21、： 1）_ Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others. 2) We have lived in this city _ I moved here in 1990. 3）_ you know it, I won't repeat it.4）Have you decided what you want to be _ you grow up? 5）He didn't hear the knock at the door _ he was listening to the radio.6）Dont worry, Ill phon

22、e you _ _ _ I get the news. 7）Why didn't you come? _ my father wouldn't let me. 8）The drunk man didnt leave the station _the police came yesterday. 9）He had been a cook _ he went to college . 10）_ _ everybody is here, let's begin the discussion. 2. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換(把下列復合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句)： 把從句簡化為 because of 結(jié)

23、構(gòu)： 1). He lay in bed because he had caught a bad cold. 2). He couldn't walk because his leg was broken. 3). I came back because it was raining. 4). They stayed in because the weather was bad. 5). We didn't get home till after midnight because we had missed the bus. 3.從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。

24、 1). It was quiet _those big trucks started coming through the town. A. before B. after C. since D. unless 2). It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face. A. when B. before C. after D. even if 3). Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang. A. while B. when C. as D. as soo

25、n as 4). I recognized you _ I saw you at the airport. A. the moment B. while C. after D. once 5). He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang. A. while B. as C. before D. when 6)._I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until 7). _ John was watching TV, his w

26、ife was cooking. A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till 8). The children ran away from the orchard(果園) _ they saw the guard. A. the moment B. after C. before D. as 9). No sooner had I arrived home _ it began to rain. A. when B. while C. as D. than10). He was walking in the street _ he saw his old frie

27、nd John.A. while B. when C. after D. before11). I was busy working while he _.A. slept B. asleep C. was sleeping D. fell asleep 12). -My sister was very unlucky yesterday.-What happened to her ?- She _ while she _ her bicycle and hurt herself.A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C. had fallen; r

28、ode D. had fallen; was riding13). It wasnt long _he finished his speech.A. thatB. untilC. asD. before14). Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A. thanB. asC. whileD. when15). _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As16). He will come to call on

29、 you the moment he _ his painting. A. will finishB. finishedC. has finishedD. had finished17). It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then18). Will you help your mother with the housework? _.A. Only if I willB. Only that I mayC. Only when I want D. Only if I may19). _ had we hurried home _ it began to pour down.A. No sooner; when B. Hardly; whenC. Hardly; thatD. As soon as; when20). Mr. Smit