英譯漢常見短語(yǔ)考研英語(yǔ)

1、英譯漢試題中常見的重要短語(yǔ)及典型句型1幾個(gè)典型例句(1) . not so much. as (but) . 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)(2) . not so much that.as (but) that. 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)(3) . not so much as. (=not even) 甚至于不，連也不(4) . might as well . as. 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)例1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.譯文：與其說(shuō)他是老師，還不如說(shuō)是學(xué)者。（注意翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象）例2：It wasn"t so much his appearance I

2、liked as his personality.譯文：與其說(shuō)我喜歡他的外表，不如說(shuō)我喜歡他的品格。例3：It"s not so much that I don"t want to come but I just haven"t got the time. 譯文：倒不是因?yàn)槲也幌雭?lái)，而是我根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間。例4：He didn"t so much as say thank you after all we"d done for him. 譯文：我們?yōu)樗闪四敲炊嗍?，他甚至連謝謝都沒(méi)有說(shuō)一聲。例5：You might as well throw yo

3、ur money into the sea as lend it to him. 譯文：與其將錢借給他，還不如把錢丟進(jìn)大海。（注意翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象）注意：more . than .1) she is more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。2) George is more intelligent than aggressive. 與其說(shuō)喬治言行放肆，不如說(shuō)他聰穎過(guò)人。以上第1)句是more. than結(jié)構(gòu)的一般用法，即在兩個(gè)不同的事物之間就同一方面作比較；而第2)句是就同一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)不同方面作比較。因此要譯成“與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)”。more.than結(jié)構(gòu)在

4、上述1) 2)兩句中的用法也適用于less . than結(jié)構(gòu)，得出相反的含義：例如：1) John is less daring than quick-witted. 與其說(shuō)約翰膽大，不如說(shuō)他腦子靈活。2) George was less intelligent than aggressive. 與其說(shuō)喬治聰穎過(guò)人，不如說(shuō)他言行放肆。2幾個(gè)不定代詞的固定搭配：have none of: 不參加；不準(zhǔn)；不接受I will have none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法！He was offered a job but he said hed have n

5、one of it. 他有一個(gè)工作機(jī)會(huì)，但他說(shuō)他不接受。none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only)None but the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才配得上美人。She chose none but the best. 她只選最好的。She is nothing but a child. 她只不過(guò)是個(gè)孩子。none other than: （表示驚訝）不是別人，正是 (= no one else but) Its none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa.none the

6、+比較級(jí)詞+ for: 毫不，一點(diǎn)也不He spent 2 weeks in hospital but hes none the better for it.他在醫(yī)院里待了兩個(gè)星期，但一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)好轉(zhuǎn)。My car is none the worse for wear. 我的車子一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有損耗。none the wiser: 不知情If we take only one piece of cake, mother will be none the wiser.如果我們只拿一小塊蛋糕，母親是不會(huì)知道的。none too: (在形容詞或副詞前) 不太；一點(diǎn)都不The service in this r

7、estaurant is none too fast. 這家旅館的服務(wù)一點(diǎn)效率都沒(méi)有。anything but: 除-之外什么都（此處的but等于except）決不(=not at all) I eat anything but (except) fish. 除了魚，我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook. 她決不是個(gè)好廚師。(即：除了好廚師，她什么都是。)anything of: （疑問(wèn)句/條件句）一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；（否定句）一點(diǎn)也（沒(méi)有）Is he anything of a poet? 他有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)詩(shī)人的樣子嗎？I havent seen anything of

8、him lately. 最近我沒(méi)有見過(guò)他。for anything: (否定句)（給什么都）不，決不I wont go there for anything. 我決不去那里。or anything: （意味著還有其他的可能性）If Bernard wants to call me or anything, Ill be here all day.如果伯納德要找我或什么的，我整天都會(huì)在這兒。if anything: 若有任何不同的話If anything, my new job is harder than my old one.要說(shuō)有什么不同的話，我的新工作反而比舊工作要難些。or somet

9、hing: 或什么的（表示說(shuō)話者不能肯定）She is a stewardess or something. 她是空姐或什么的。something like: 有點(diǎn)像，大約An airship is shaped something like a cigar. 飛船的形狀有點(diǎn)像雪茄。 something of a.: 多少有點(diǎn)，有幾分像，略懂hes something of a book collector. 他有幾分像書籍收藏家。something to / in: （敘述等）有些道理Theres something to / in what you say; Ill take your a

10、dvice.你說(shuō)的有些道理，我會(huì)接受你的建議have / be something to do with: 與有關(guān)I think Guy Fawkes had / was something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge. 我想蓋佛克跟圖謀炸毀橋梁有關(guān)。nothing but (= none but = only): 僅僅，只不過(guò)We could see nothing but fog. 除了霧之外我們什么也看不見。for nothing: 免費(fèi)的； 徒勞的； 無(wú)緣無(wú)故的She got the ticket for nothing. 她免費(fèi)得到

11、那張票。All our preparation for nothing! No ones even come to the party.我們?yōu)檠鐣?huì)所作的準(zhǔn)備都白費(fèi)了! 連一個(gè)人都沒(méi)來(lái)。They quarreled for nothing. 他們無(wú)緣無(wú)故地爭(zhēng)吵。make nothing of: (常和can一起用)不理解；不重視,輕視 (= think nothing of) I could make nothing of the passage. 我不理解這篇文章。He makes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. 他不在乎一天工作十小時(shí)

12、。 to say nothing of: 更不用說(shuō)（= not to mention / without mentioning） Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. 三個(gè)人受了重傷，建筑物的損害更不用說(shuō)了。have nothing to do with: 與無(wú)關(guān)I have nothing to do with the accident. 我與這場(chǎng)事故無(wú)關(guān)。nothing if not: 格外地；非常地 (= very / much / extremely)He was nothing

13、if not clever. (= He was very clever.) 他格外聰明。nothing of: 無(wú)的部分；無(wú)的氣質(zhì)There was nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的舉止根本沒(méi)有淑女的氣質(zhì)。 區(qū)別：all but 幾乎，差一點(diǎn)，除以外其余都是but for要不是but that+從句：若不是例1：She all but fainted when she heard the news.譯文：她聽到這一消息時(shí)幾乎暈倒了。注：此句中a11 but意為nearly，almost。試對(duì)比：All but the little childre

14、n thought that the trip was exciting譯文：除了小孩，大家都認(rèn)為這次旅行是激動(dòng)人心的。此句中all but意為a11 except。例2：But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.譯文：要不是下雨，我們的旅行本來(lái)是愉快的。例3：He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time. 譯文：若不是他那時(shí)缺錢，他是會(huì)幫助我們的。注1)but that引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2)but that有靈活的譯法。如：Nothin

15、g would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap(那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在懷里。)3“名詞+or+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中or后的名詞是同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)譯為“即；或者稱” 例1：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.譯文：再者，除機(jī)器外技術(shù)還包括技藝，即制作方法，而動(dòng)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。4“only

16、+ to do”意為“，結(jié)果卻”，即表示與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的目的相反的結(jié)果。例1: They don"t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.譯文：他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價(jià)格很貴的票，（如果去了，）結(jié)果卻可能發(fā)現(xiàn)，所演的節(jié)目令人失望。例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.譯文：

17、他們匆匆忙忙趕到那兒，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)議被取消了。5not more / -er than 與 no more / -er than 結(jié)構(gòu)比較：John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.前一句表示“約翰不比湯姆好”，屬于普通的比較結(jié)構(gòu)；后一例用了no 情況就不同了。no better than 相當(dāng)于as bad as，含義是兩人一樣壞。這里，“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級(jí) + than”所表示的可以說(shuō)是該形容詞或副詞的反意。例如： no richer than = as poor as 和一樣窮no bigger than =

18、as small as 和一樣小no later than = as early as 和一樣早同樣地：I have not taken more than six courses this semester.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.前一句的含義是本學(xué)期選的課不多于六門；后一句的含義是只選了六門。強(qiáng)調(diào)“少”。 上述結(jié)構(gòu)與表示前后都否定的no more.than (= not.any more than)又有所不同： 例：A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.（鯨和馬同樣

19、不是魚。） 另外，在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，單獨(dú)使用more than 也能表示否定概念：例1：That is more than I can tell. 我簡(jiǎn)直不能說(shuō)。例2：My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不僅僅是旅游觀光而已。6no more.than. (= not.any more than) 和樣都不(表示前后都否定)例1：The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心臟和胃一樣都無(wú)智力可

20、言，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际怯纱竽X控制的。 例2：There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink譯文：他們沒(méi)有理由限制你服用多少維他命，就像他們不能限制你喝多少水一樣。 例3：More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese譯文：越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)

21、黑人認(rèn)識(shí)到他是個(gè)詭計(jì)多端的敵人。他仇視美國(guó)黑人，正像他仇視剛果人民一樣。(直譯：，他不愛美國(guó)黑人，正像他不愛剛果人一樣。)注釋：not.any more than是no more.than的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。例如：1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克與約翰一樣都不聰明。2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can spe

22、ak.) 人不會(huì)飛翔，就像鳥不會(huì)說(shuō)話一樣。3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation，the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，法國(guó)正如日本一樣不積極地從他們的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。上述例句表明，no more.than并不表示比較，而是表示比

23、喻，含有比喻意義的比較級(jí)用于否定時(shí)，than后面的從句不用否定式，但譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)要用否定式。而與上述句型意義相反的是：no less.than，意為：“和同樣是”。例如：Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是動(dòng)物。而no less than 的意思為：“簡(jiǎn)直是，實(shí)在是”，例如：1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高價(jià)，簡(jiǎn)直是敲詐。2) It is no less than a scandal. 這實(shí)在是一件丑聞。7not nearly (=by n

24、o means，far from) 遠(yuǎn)不例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 譯文：食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。注：1) this是指上面提到的“到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億”。2) 又如：There are not nearly enough peo

25、ple here to do the job(這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。)8“更不用說(shuō)”的表示法：much lessstill less以上兩短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定，less是由little的比較級(jí)，所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中，可譯為“更不用說(shuō)，更不必說(shuō)”。to say nothing ofnot to speak ofnot to mentionlet alone這四個(gè)詞組也意為 “更不用說(shuō)”，也是一種追補(bǔ)的說(shuō)法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同。這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定，即前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定意義；如果前一句是否定，則追加

26、的是否定意義例1：I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings. 譯文：我不能同意這種行為，更談不上參加這些行動(dòng)了。例2：He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry譯文：他幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)，更不用說(shuō)化學(xué)了。例3：I did not even see him, still less (= much less) shake hands with him. 譯文：我看也沒(méi)有看見過(guò)他，哪里還談得上同他握手呢?例4：In old China, here

27、 was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.譯文：在舊中國(guó)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè)，更不用說(shuō)電子工業(yè)了。例5：Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.譯文：莎莉?qū)W了唱歌和舞蹈課，而且還學(xué)了游泳和網(wǎng)球課。例6：At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life,

28、not to speak of luxuries.譯文：那時(shí)他連普通生活都不能維持，更不要說(shuō)奢侈品了。例7：They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two 1ovely daughters. 譯文：他們有了三個(gè)好兒子，而且還有兩個(gè)可愛的女兒。例8：I don"t know algebra or geometry，not to mention calculus譯文：我連代數(shù)、幾何都不懂，更不必說(shuō)微積分了。例9：A11 they have to do is press a button，and they can see plays

29、, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.譯文：他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕，就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出，而且還能看到各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。例10：I can"t add two and two, let alone do fractions.譯文：我連2加2都不會(huì)，更不要說(shuō)做分?jǐn)?shù)題了。注意：美國(guó)成語(yǔ)詞典認(rèn)為let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的詞典

30、認(rèn)為，該短語(yǔ)也可以引導(dǎo)追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs.9nothing else than 完全是，實(shí)在是例1: What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.譯文：那人講的話完全是一派胡言。例2: Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence.譯文：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奮。10It is not that.but that.

31、這不是說(shuō)，而是說(shuō)例1: It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.譯文：這并不是說(shuō)在一種情況下所使用的磅秤和另一種情況下所用的天平在構(gòu)

32、造原理上或工作方式上存在差別，而是說(shuō)與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上必然更加準(zhǔn)確。11can not.too. 再也不過(guò)分例1: We cannot be too careful of health. 我們無(wú)論如何注意健康也不為過(guò)。例2: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你開車時(shí)再小心也不過(guò)分。 例3: We can not be too faithful to our duties. 我們必須盡力忠于職守。12other.than. 或other than. 不同于，非；除了例l: Plants which

33、refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.譯文：提煉礦石的廠房通常不是設(shè)在采礦石的國(guó)家而設(shè)在其它國(guó)家。例2: Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.譯文：當(dāng)這些反應(yīng)物放在一起時(shí)，常發(fā)生不希望有的一些反應(yīng)。(即：常發(fā)生與希望有的反應(yīng)不同的反應(yīng)。)例3: All parts of the house other

34、than the windows were in good condition. 譯文：除了窗之外，屋子的其它部分都完好無(wú)損。13 . the last + n. + 不定式或定語(yǔ)從句：意為“最不可能的” 例1: She would be the last person to go along with the scheme.譯文：她可能會(huì)是最不同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的人。例2: That"s the last thing I"d expect you to do.譯文：那是我最不期望你做的事情。14It is asserted that有人斷言It is believed that

35、 據(jù)認(rèn)為，人們相信It is considered that有人認(rèn)為It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is said that據(jù)說(shuō)It is supposed that據(jù)推測(cè)It is told that據(jù)傳It appears that看來(lái)似乎，好像It is well known that眾所周知It is estimated that據(jù)估計(jì)It was pointed out that有人指出It is generally accepted that人們通常認(rèn)為，一般認(rèn)為，大家公認(rèn)It is alleged that人們斷言It is claimed that有人主張，人

36、們要求It cannot be denied that不可否認(rèn)It has been found that實(shí)踐證明It is predicted that據(jù)估計(jì)，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)It is suggested that有人建議15It goes without saying that 不言而喻，例：It goes without saying that in order to speak good English, we must first of all learn good pronunciation.譯文：不言而喻，為了講好英語(yǔ)，首先必須學(xué)好發(fā)音。16It is common knowledge

37、that 眾所周知，例：It is common knowledge now that Chinese people are very intelligent. 譯文：眾所周知，中國(guó)人和很聰明。17It occurs to sb. that (某人) 想起例1: It occurred to me suddenly that I had met him somewhere.譯文：我突然想起在什么地方見過(guò)他。例2: It occurred to me that she was jealous of me.譯文：我突然發(fā)覺(jué)她嫉妒我?？佳杏⒆g漢試題中常見的短語(yǔ)及句型1 as引導(dǎo)的特殊狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)

38、作定語(yǔ)從句處理例1 We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed.譯文：我們希望，政府已經(jīng)采取的控制物價(jià)的措施將取得成功。例2 "In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of ins

39、truments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."譯文：新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)："總之，我們所稱之為的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用。這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。" 2 anything but根本不；nothing but只不過(guò)是；all but幾乎，差一點(diǎn)；除以外其余都是；but for要不是；but that +從句：若不是例1 Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his

40、research work that he felt anything but lonely.譯文：雖然他單獨(dú)一人住在這幢房子里，但他埋頭于研究工作，一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有感到孤獨(dú)。注釋：句中anything but意為not at all。試對(duì)此：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了繪畫很少談到別的事情。)此句中but作介詞，意為except。例2 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working

41、 of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.譯文：科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕忉尩谋磉_(dá)方式。例3 She all but fainted when she heard the news.譯文：她聽到這一消息時(shí)幾乎暈倒了。注釋：此句中all but意為nearly, almost。試對(duì)比：All but the little chi

42、ldren thought that the trip was exciting. (除了小孩，大家都認(rèn)為這次旅行是激動(dòng)人心的。)此句中all but意為all except。例4 But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.譯文：要不是下雨，我們的旅行本來(lái)是很愉快的。例5 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.譯文：若不是他那時(shí)缺錢，他是會(huì)幫助我們的。注釋：1) but that引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2) but that有靈活的譯法

43、，如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap. (那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在懷里。)3 "名詞，+ or +名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中or后的名詞是同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)譯為"即；或者稱"。 例：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 譯文：再者，除機(jī)器外技術(shù)

44、還包括技藝，即制作方法，而運(yùn)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。4 ".，only to +動(dòng)詞"意為"，結(jié)果卻"例：They don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.譯文：他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價(jià)格很貴的戲票，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，所演的節(jié)目令人失望。注釋：".，only to +動(dòng)詞"表示與句子

45、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的目的相反的結(jié)果。5 not nearly (=by no means, far from)遠(yuǎn)不例：The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are headingsintosa crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.譯文：食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。注釋：1) this是指上面提到的"到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億&quo

46、t;。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。)6 not so much . as .與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)例1 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genuis as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.譯文：他們說(shuō)，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說(shuō)源

47、于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。例2 The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.譯文：美國(guó)人所需要的各種便利條件與其說(shuō)是反映一種從容不迫的生活方式，還不如說(shuō)反映一種忙碌的生活方式。在這種忙碌的生活方式中甚至幾分鐘時(shí)間都得珍惜。注釋：1) not so much as連在一起寫，則意為"連都不(肯)"

48、;，如：He didn't so much as thank me for returning his money that I found. (DAI)(我把找到的錢還給他，他卻連謝都不肯謝。) 2)該句型有時(shí)也可以用not so much . but .如：The important thing is not so much the actual population of the world, but its rate of increase.(重要的與其說(shuō)是世界的實(shí)際人口量，還不如說(shuō)是人口的增長(zhǎng)率。)又如：But whether their efforts can be mor

49、e effective than those of the traditional politician may depend not so much on the present day working scientists, but on the scientists now being trained, i.e. -you.(但是，他們的努力是否能比傳統(tǒng)的政治家的努力更有成效，與其說(shuō)是取決于現(xiàn)在正在工作的科學(xué)家，倒不如說(shuō)取決于正在被培訓(xùn)的科學(xué)家，也就是你們。) 3)要注意"not so much . but ."與"not so +形容詞+ but +從句&

50、quot;之間的區(qū)別，后者意為"雖然但是"，例如：The bridge was not so crowded but the bicycles could go through. (這橋上雖然很擁擠，但是自行車還能穿過(guò)去。)7 much less, still less引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定。less是由little的否定意義而來(lái)的，所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中，意為"更不用說(shuō)、更不必說(shuō)"。to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone這四個(gè)詞組意為"更

51、不消說(shuō)"，也是一種追補(bǔ)的說(shuō)法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同，這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定意義。如果前一句是否定，則追加的也是否定意義。例1 I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings. (我不能同意這種行為，更談不上參加這些行動(dòng)了。)例2 He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry. (他幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)，更不用說(shuō)化學(xué)了。)例3 I did not even see h

52、im, still less(=much less) shake hands with him. (我看也沒(méi)有看見過(guò)他，哪里還談得上同他握手呢?)例4 In old China, there was hardly any machine building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. (在舊中國(guó)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè)，更不用說(shuō)電子工業(yè)了。)例5 Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.

53、 (莎莉?qū)W了唱歌和舞蹈課，而且還學(xué)了游泳和網(wǎng)球課。)例6 At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. (那時(shí)他連普通生活都不能維持，更不要說(shuō)奢侈品了。)例7 They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters. (他們有了3個(gè)好兒子，而且還有2個(gè)可愛的女兒。)例8 I don't know algebra or geometry, not to mention

54、calculus. (我連代數(shù)幾何都不懂，更不必說(shuō)微積分了。)例9 All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕，就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出，而且還能看到各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。)例10 I can't add tw

55、o and two, let alone do fractions.(我2加2都不會(huì)，更不用說(shuō)做分?jǐn)?shù)題了。)注意：美國(guó)成語(yǔ)詞典認(rèn)為let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的詞典認(rèn)為，該短語(yǔ)也可以引導(dǎo)追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs. (OSD)8 no more . than .和一樣都不例1 The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by

56、the brain.譯文：心臟和胃一樣都無(wú)智力可言，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际怯纱竽X控制的。例2 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.譯文：他們沒(méi)有理由限制你服用多少維他命，就像他們不能限制你喝多少水一樣。 例3 More and more Afro Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for

57、 the Congolese.譯文：越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)黑人認(rèn)識(shí)到他是個(gè)詭計(jì)多端的敵人，他仇視美國(guó)黑人，正像他仇視剛果人民一樣。(直譯：，他不愛美國(guó)黑人，正像他不愛剛果人一樣。)注釋：not any more than是no morethan的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，例如：1) Jack is no more intelligent than John.(=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克與約翰一樣都不聰明。2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.)人不會(huì)飛翔，就像鳥不會(huì)說(shuō)話一樣。3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to learn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As