新編大學英語 book1 unit5

1、整理課件Part Two Reading-Centered Activities 1. In-Class Reading1. In-Class Reading2. After-Class Reading2. After-Class Reading整理課件In-Class ReadingDo Animals Have a Culture?Part Two: In-Class ReadingBackground InformationGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingPost-Reading整理課件Background InformationBackground Info

2、rmationPart Two: In-Class Reading Background Information ChimpanzeesChimpanzeesJapanese MonkeysJapanese Monkeys整理課件1. ChimpanzeesChimpanzees are our closest relatives. They belong to the ape family. They are sociable animals, and live in mixed groups or troops in tropical African rainforests. They f

3、eed mainly on fruit like bananas and figs, but will also eat seeds, nuts, leaves, insects and sometimes small mammals. Chimps are clever animals, and will make tools from twigs to dig tasty termites out of their mounds. Part Two: In-Class Reading Background Information (黑猩猩黑猩猩)To be continued整理課件 Ch

4、impanzees move around on all fours and it is quite unusual for them to walk upright. They have long powerful arms, with elongated thumbs on their hands. Chimpanzees are very clean animals, and will often groom one othercarefully picking out small ticks from each others fur, which strengthens bonds w

5、ithin the group. Females give birth to a single baby every three years. A young chimp is carried around by its mother for about four or five months before it begins to take its first steps. Baby chimps love to play, and spend a lot of time chasing, wrestling and tickling each other. Part Two: In-Cla

6、ss Reading Background Information 整理課件2. Japanese MonkeysJapanese monkeys are known as the primate species that live in the northern part of the world. They live in the forests, mainly broad-leaved forests in the Honshu excluding Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands.Part Two: In-Class Reading Background

7、Information One striking feature of the adult Japanese monkeys is that their faces and bottoms are red. Their main food item is plants. They sleep on the tree, with the posture of holding each other or sitting alone. They never made nests to sleep, and sleeping sites change everyday. They life span

8、is 25-30 years.To be continued整理課件The society of Japanese monkeys is very interesting. Several adult males compose their society; the number of adult females is nearly three times of adult males, and their children. Basically, females stay in her natal group, on the other hand, most of male leave th

9、eir group before they become adults. Some of males become solitary male, but in someday, he will join the new group. They continue to move from group to group. So, the basic composition of group is adult females and their children, forming a matrilineal society.Part Two: In-Class Reading Background

10、Information 整理課件Global ReadingGlobal ReadingOrganization AnalysisOrganization AnalysisHow to Achieve the Global Understanding How to Achieve the Global Understanding of the Text Quicklyof the Text QuicklyPre-Reading QuestionPre-Reading QuestionPart Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingSummarySummary整

11、理課件1. Pre-Reading Question Work in pairs to decide which of the following are true of animals, excluding humans. Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Readinguse tools ( )make tools ( )cooperate with each other ( )communicate with spoken words ( )share knowledge ( )have emotions ( )practice religion ( )

12、TTTTFTF整理課件IntroductionPara.1Presenting the questions: 1) Do animals have a culture as we human beings do? 2) What is culture?BodyPara.2-5Animals can use and make tools themselves, learn and share behavior and communicate with some forms of language.ConclusionPara.6There are limits to the culture of

13、 animals.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Reading2. Organization Analysis整理課件 When you read an article, you should first judge if it is a narration, a description, an argumentation, a story or an ad., etc. The judgment decides the best strategy to read the article so that you can quickly reconstruc

14、t its global meaning. For example, if you decide an article is an argument, you might know the basic structure of an argument is “problemanalysissolution”. Although there are several variations, such as “introductionproblemanalysissolutionadditional comments”, you can still read very fast. Part Two:

15、 In-Class Reading Global Reading3. How to Achieve the Global Understanding of the Text QuicklyTo be continued整理課件You can ignore the less important sections and come right to the most important points: the problem and the solution. To check the solutions validity, you may have a quick look at the ana

16、lysis. The important information of an article is often contained in the title, the first and the last paragraph of the passage, the first or the last sentence of a paragraph and the indicators like “first”, “in contrast”, “in conclusion”. Paying attention to the title, the introductory paragraph an

17、d the concluding paragraph, the topic sentences of each paragraph and the coherence devices can enable you to get the main idea of the article very quickly.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Reading整理課件Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Reading4. Summary Culture refers to the way of life, customs, bel

18、iefs, art, social institutions, etc. of a particular group of people. There is no doubt that human beings have culture. Is culture found just in humans, or do animals have a culture too? That is a question posed by social scientists. Scientific research has revealed that animals do have culture and

19、the cultural characteristics of human beings can also be found in the lives of some animals. For instance, like humans, some animals have the ability to use and make tools, learn and share behavior and even communicate with some forms of language. However, there are limits to the culture of animals.

20、 For example, animals cant form social institutions and communicate abstract ideas.整理課件Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading Debate DebatePart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Passage ReadingPassage ReadingUnderstanding SentencesUnderstanding SentencesWord StudyWord Study整理課件 Do Animals Have a Cult

21、ure? Lately, social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. 1It is the patterns of behavior that help

22、 people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group different from another group. Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these

23、 aspects of human behavior, or “culture”, can also be found in the lives of certain animals.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading整理課件 We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the

24、 case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. 2For example, chimpanzees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the sti

25、ck, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the endlike our use of a fork. For some time we thought that although human beings learned their culture, animals could not be taught such behavior. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 整理課件Or even if they could learn, they would not teach one a

26、nother in the way humans do. This, too, has proven to be untrue. 3A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Money Center in Japan. They were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. One day a young female began to wash her sweet p

27、otato to get rid of the sand. 4This practice soon spread throughout the group. It became learned behavior, not from humans but from other monkeys. Now almost all the monkeys who have not come into contact with this group do not. Thus there is a “cultural” difference among animals. We have ruled out

28、tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 整理課件We have also ruled out the learning and sharing of behavior. Yet we still have held onto the last featurelanguage. But even the use of language can no longer separate human

29、culture from animal culture. Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed. However, this is because apes do not have the proper vocal organs. But teaching them language has been very successful if we are willing to accept other forms than just the spoken word. Two psychologists trained a chimpanzee n

30、amed Washoe to use Standard American Sign Language. This is the same language used by deaf people. In this language, “talk” is made through gestures, and not by spelling out words with individual letters. By the time she was five years old, Washoe had a vocabulary of 130 signs. Part Two: In-Class Re

31、ading Detailed Reading 整理課件Also, she could put them together in new ways that had not been taught her originally. This means she could create language and not just mimic it. She creates her own sentences that have real meaning. This has allowed two-way talk. It permits more than one-way command and

32、response. Of course, there are limits to the culture of animals. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions such as religion or law. Also, some chimpanzees may be able to learn sign language, but this form of language is limited in its ability to communicate abstract ideas. Yet with a

33、spoken language we can communicate our entire culture to anyone else who knows that language. 5Perhaps the most important thing is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 整理課件Understanding Sentences 1. It is the patterns of

34、 behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group different from another group.正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開來。們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開來。In these two sentences the subject the patterns of behavior is emphasized. Notice this kin

35、d of sentence structure: It + be + 要強調(diào)要強調(diào)部分部分 + that (或或who, which) + 句子其它部分。句子其它部分。TranslationCommentsPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading To be continued整理課件1) It was the ease with which the burglars got into the house that worried her.2) It was a key that/which I found in his pocket.3) It

36、was Tom who/that met your sister in the zoo yesterday.4) It was in the zoo that Tom met your sister yesterday.5) It was yesterday that Tom met your sister in the zoo.ExamplesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the text整理課件2. For example, chimpan

37、zees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. 例如，有人看到黑猩猩把例如，有人看到黑猩猩把樹葉扯掉，將樹枝伸進白樹葉扯掉，將樹枝伸進白蟻巢穴。蟻巢穴。Notice the perceptive verb see used in this sentence. Perceptive verbs, such as feel, hear, overhear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, smell are usua

38、lly followed by noun phrase plus bare infinitives or the present participles.TranslationCommentsPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件1) I saw him leave a few minutes ago.2) The suspect was seen entering the building.3) She felt his arms go round her.4

39、) She overheard them discussing pay rises.5) Can you smell something burning?ExamplesPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the textUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件3. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Center in Japan.Translation日本京都大學猿猴研究中

40、心對一組日本猴作過研究。日本京都大學猿猴研究中心對一組日本猴作過研究。 “a group of +復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，作主語時， 謂語動詞可以謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)形式也可以用復數(shù)形式，用單數(shù)形式也可以用復數(shù)形式， 這主要看說話人的出這主要看說話人的出發(fā)點，如果把這個發(fā)點，如果把這個 group 作為整體看，作為整體看， 說話人會用說話人會用單數(shù)謂語。單數(shù)謂語。ExamplesComments1) A group of pilgrims is visiting Mecca. 一批朝圣者正在游覽麥加。一批朝圣者正在游覽麥加。2) A group of us are going to the

41、theatre this evening. 我們中有些人今晚要去戲院看戲。我們中有些人今晚要去戲院看戲。Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the textUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件4. The practice soon spread throughout the group. TranslationExamples這一做法馬上傳遍了整個猴群。這一做法馬上傳遍了整個猴群。The word “practice” is here used as a noun, mean

42、ing “the way something is usually done, a habit”. In this sentence, it refers to washing the sweet potato to get rid of the sand.1) It is not considered good practice to reveal clients names.2) Its common practice in many countries for pupils to repeat a year if their grades are low.CommentsPart Two

43、: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the textUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件5. Perhaps the most important thing is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think. TranslationComments也許最重要的一點是，人和動物的分界線并不像我們也許最重要的一點是，人和動物的分界線并不像我們過去認為的那樣清清楚楚。過去認為的那樣清清楚楚。The

44、noun clause that begins with the word “that” functions in this sentence as predictive clause. The word “that” can not be omitted here.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件1) An essential thing to remember is that people with backgrounds different from

45、 your own can broaden your conversational material and your thinking.2) The fact is that these long-term memories are very accurate in detail and can be compared to a movie in the brain.ExamplesPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the textUnderstanding Sentences 整理課件Wor

46、d Studyhumans also human beings, the human race, man, mankind, humankind 人類人類Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the textDogs can hear much better than humans.Humans are equal in the eyes of the law.整理課件Word Studya way of life also a way of living, lifestyle the behavi

47、or, habits, customs etc. that are typical of a particular society or person 生活方式生活方式Regular exercise is part of a healthy way of life. The tribes traditional way of life is under threat. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the text整理課件defense n. C weapon, barrier, etc.

48、 used for defending or protecting 用于保衛(wèi)或保護的武器，屏障等用于保衛(wèi)或保護的武器，屏障等The immune system is the bodys defense against infection. Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading U defending from attack; fighting against attack 保護；保護；保衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)They committed themselves to the defense of human rights.To be cont

49、inued整理課件Politicians are skilled at defending themselves against their critics.How can you defend such behavior?defend v. 1. protect sb./sth. from harm; guard sb./sth. 保護；保衛(wèi)保護；保衛(wèi)All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attack.We need to defend against military aggression. act,

50、 speak or write in support of sb./sth. 為支持某人某為支持某人某 事而行動，說話或?qū)懳恼率露袆樱f話或?qū)懳恼耊ord StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the text整理課件case n. C (usually singular) a situation that exists, esp. as it affects a particular person or group 實情，情況實情，情況It may be the case that t

51、he scheme will need more money.We tend to think of these people as untrustworthy, but that is not the case.Changing mens and womens traditional roles is not easy, but in our case it has been helpful.In this case, several solutions could be tried.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingB

52、ack to the textBack to the text整理課件prove v. 1. turn out to be; be seen or found to be 顯現(xiàn)出是；被發(fā)現(xiàn)是顯現(xiàn)出是；被發(fā)現(xiàn)是The promotions proved to be a turning point in his career.The old methods proved best after all.2. show that sth. is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 證明；證實證明；證實To prove his point,

53、he mentioned several other experiments which had produced similar results.They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the text整理課件practice n. U way of doing sth. that is common or habitual 慣例；常規(guī)慣例；常規(guī)It is the pract

54、ice in Britain to drive on the left.Its common practice in many countries for pupils to repeat a year if their grades are low.I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the text整理課件spread v. 1. to become known about

55、 or used by more and more people; to tell a lot of people about sth. 傳播；蔓延傳播；蔓延The news spread like wildfire.Words spread quickly and soon a crowd had gathered.Andy loves spreading rumors about his colleagues.Word Study2. to affect more people or a larger area 傳染傳染The disease spread rapidly amongst

56、the poor.The cancer had spread to her liver.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingTo be continued整理課件tell A from B to be able to see how one person or thing is different from another 將將和和區(qū)分開來，辨別區(qū)分開來，辨別How can you tell a fake handbag from the real one?Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?The d

57、ucks looked exactly alike. How could you tell which was which.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Readingalso distinguish A from/and B Back to the textBack to the text整理課件attemptn. the act of trying to do sth., esp. sth. difficult 試圖；企圖；試圖；企圖； 嘗試嘗試The protesters made no attempt to resist a

58、rrest.She passed her driving test at the first attempt.v. try to do sth., esp. sth. difficult 試圖；嘗試；試圖；嘗試； 努力努力Weather conditions prevented them from attempting the jump.The fox attempted to reach the grapes but failed.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed ReadingBack to the textBack to the

59、text整理課件Sign Languagelanguage e.g. for deaf and dumb people, using gestures instead of words 手語手語 sign and signal can be used with very similar meanings. Both words can mean a movement or sound made to tell someone something: Dont move until I give the sign/signal.Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Readin

60、g Detailed Readingsign/signalTo be continued整理課件 They can also mean something that indicates something exists or may happen, but a sign is usually something that you can find or see, while signal is used for something that is done intentionally or that suggests you should take some action:early sign