高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題精講精練-定語(yǔ)從句

1、語(yǔ)法專題一：定語(yǔ)從句1. 定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)基本概念： 1) 先行詞：即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名次或代詞，通常位于定從的前面。2) 先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成份：根據(jù)不同成份，用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。3) 關(guān)系代詞：即先行詞在定從中作主、賓、表、定。 作主語(yǔ)：指物，則用that, which引導(dǎo)，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引導(dǎo)，不省略。 作賓語(yǔ)：即及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)： 指物，用that, which引導(dǎo)，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引導(dǎo)，可省略。 注意：如將介詞提到了定從之首，先行詞指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表語(yǔ)：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省

2、略。 作定語(yǔ)：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 關(guān)系副詞：即先行詞在定從中作狀語(yǔ)，指時(shí)間用when, 地點(diǎn)用where, 原因用why，亦可用介詞+which替代。所謂作狀語(yǔ)：即先行詞不能直接放入從句中，需要有一個(gè)介詞連接，而從句中卻沒有這個(gè)介詞。5) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：即用逗號(hào)與主句或先行詞分開，用于補(bǔ)充說明。(1) which: 用于指代先行詞（物），或整個(gè)主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行詞（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行詞的部分。(4) as為關(guān)系代詞， “正如、就像”的意思, 引導(dǎo)定從

3、時(shí)可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定從中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引導(dǎo)從句的情況：(1) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞被強(qiáng)調(diào)，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修飾時(shí)； (2) 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等時(shí)；(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)； (4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；(5) 當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。2) 一般只用which引導(dǎo)從句的情況：(1)

4、 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指前面的某名詞或它前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)； (2) 引導(dǎo)介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)提前的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)； (3）當(dāng)先行詞為集體名詞時(shí)，著眼于整體，用which；著眼于各個(gè)成員，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短語(yǔ)中的指示代詞，如this, that等, 引導(dǎo)定從。3) 由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的幾種常見情況： (1) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，說明整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替整個(gè)句子的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which則沒有此意； (2）當(dāng)先行詞前有the same，such修飾時(shí)，或在 “so / asas”結(jié)構(gòu)中，

5、表示“那樣以致”，后用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句； (3) 在suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中，as為關(guān)系代詞，替代先行詞，引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句；在suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，that為連詞，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)完整的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。4) 當(dāng)way作先行詞時(shí)，可用that, in which或省略引導(dǎo)定從5) 當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, point, job, condition等時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定從。6) 當(dāng)先行詞為one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，定從的謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞； 當(dāng)先行詞為the (only)one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，定從的謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；鞏固練習(xí)：1. Last month

6、, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during

7、whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a n

8、ice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real n

9、ame B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. An

10、yway, that evening, _ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years.A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most impor

11、tant thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I

12、 think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never r

13、eads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is

14、 this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are

15、 not B. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been23. I'd like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _ the judge ga

16、ve a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; whoC. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasn't been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the f

17、ast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to

18、 whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned

19、to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. wh

20、ich C. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time h

21、e learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. that C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much know

22、ledge and _ could help him to kill the time.A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, we'd brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which