膜技術(shù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)中的水處理英文翻譯

1、ApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentTheapplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentdependsonitseffectivenessofseparationandcostofprocess.Asanadvancedseparationtechnology,itisendowedwithmanyadvantages:highselectivity,applicabilityunderambienttemperaturewithoutphasechang

2、e,lowcostofenergy,highlevelofautomation,lowpollutionandetc.1 1DesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterDesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterROisthemosteconomicalwayforthedesalinationofseawaterandblackwater.Theenergyconsumptionislessthan5kWh/tforseawateror0.53kWh/tforblackwater.ThebiggestplantofROforseawater

3、desalinationcanproducewater2.1105m3/d,forblackwateris1.3105m3/d.ItseemsthatROisthebestmethodtosolvetheproblemofdrinkingwaterandindustrialwaterinthedraughtareas.ItcanbeverifiedbythefactthatmostofthelargestdesalinationplantsarelocatedinMiddleEastasshownintab.23.2 2PurificationofdrinkingwaterPurificati

4、onofdrinkingwaterMembraneisthebesttoolforthepurificationofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanremovethesuspendedsubstance,bacteria,toxicmetalliccomponentsandorganiccomponentstoimprovethewaterquality.90%ofthecitywaterisproductivewater,only9%suppliedwateristhedomesticwaterandonly1%isdrinkingwater.Tosupplywaterse

5、paratelyfortheresidentzonesisaneffectivewaytoimprovethequalityofdrinkingwater.Supplyingwaterseparatelyistotreatthe1%suppliedwaterwithmembraneforspecialpurpose.SeparatesupplysystemhasbeenbuiltinsomeresidentzonesofBeijingandShenyang,whichmainlyuseROmembrane.Tab.2Tab.2Thelargestfivedesalinationplantsin

6、theworldCountryProductioncapacity(m3/d)UnitnumberWorkyearMembranecompanySaudiArabia128000151998TOYOBOSaudiArabia90909151999DUPONTSaudiArabia56800101989TOYOBOSaudiArabia56800101994TOYOBOSpain56400101998DUPONTTheworldtotalcapacityofdesalinationin1998is22735000m3/d.3 3ReuseofmunicipaldomesticsewageReus

7、eofmunicipaldomesticsewageCitysewageisanimportantpotentialwaterresource.Recycledwaterfordifferentpurposescanbeproducedfromthedomesticsewagewithmembrane.Itisaneffectivewaytosolvetheshortageofwaterresource.Thereare3domesticsewagetreatmentfactoriesinBeijing,andanother4areunderconstruction.Inaddition,15

8、morearetobebuilt.Thesewagetreatratiowillmountto80%in2006.Twomilliontonsofthetreatedwaterwillflowoutfromthesewastewatertreatmentfactories.Aftertreatedwithmembrane,thewatercanbereusedforindustrialpurpose,greenareaandotherfields.Inthisway,themunicipalsuppliedwatercanbereduced,andthewaterresourcecanbefu

9、llyutilized.Ifthemembranetechnologyisappliedinthedeeptreatmentofthecitysewage,morethanonemilliontonsofdischargedwastewaterwillbereducedeverydayonlyinBeijing.Atthesametime,morethanonemilliontonsofthewaterresourcecanbesaved.Soitwouldretrench0.36billiontonsofwaterperyear.Thismethodcanreducethewaterpoll

10、ution,aswellpreservethewaterresource.4 4TreatmentofindustrialwastewaterTreatmentofindustrialwastewaterIndustrialwastewaterhasmanytypesinlargequantityanditisveryharmful.Ifthewastewatercanbetreated,itwouldnotonlypreservetheresource,butalsoprotecttheenvironmentbecausethewastewatercontainssomedeleteriou

11、ssubstancessuchasoil,metallicions,phenolandetc.Themembranetechnologybearssplendidsignificanceintheindustrialwastewatertreatment.Inearly1970s,ROmembranebegantomaketheelectricplatingwastewaterrecycled;ChargedUFmembraneturnedtheelectrocoatingsysteminautomaticcompanyintocleanproducingline.Thewastewatert

12、reatmentwithmembranerecycledthewastewaterindyeingprocess;UFmembraneisakeytechnologyforthereuseofoilwastewater.4Futureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatment4FutureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatmentTheessenceofmembranetechnologyisahighlyeffectivematerial.Thematerialshouldprovidehighflux,highselectiv

13、ityandsoon.Inthewastewatertreatment,weoftenencounterhazardouscondition.Undersuchkindofcircumstances,organicmembranesometimescannotmeettherequirement.Consequently,moreattentionispaidtotheinorganicmembranenowthathasfulf川edaconsiderableprogressintheseyearswitharateof30%.CurrentlyChinacanproducetubecera

14、micmembraneonindustrialscale.Withthedecreaseofwaterresourceandtheincreaseofwaterpollution,itisdefinitelythatthemembranetechnology,theseparationtechnologyofthelowestenergycost,willrealizeabrilliantfuture.RO,NF,UF,MF,ion-exchange,dialysisetcwhicharemainlyusedinwatertreatmentwillbethecenterofmembranete

15、chnology.Chinaisacountrywithalargepopulationofnearly1.3billionpeople,whichcoversonefifthoftheworldpopulation,butthewaterresourceisonly1/20ofworld.Thereforethewaterresourcepercapitaisonly1/4ofthatoftheworld.Membraneisaneffectivemeanstosolvewaterproblem.Theadvantageofmembraneinwatertreatmentismoreandm

16、oreobviouswhileitsapplicationiswiderandwider.ThemembraneindustryofChinamarchesrapidlyatarateof30%annually.However,thedifferencefromthedevelopedcountryisstillbig.Themembraneoutputpercapitaismerely1/32ofthatofUSAand1/12ofthatoftheworld.ThemembranemarketinChinaishugewithabrightoutlook.Toenhancetheappli

17、cationofmembraneinwatertreatment,weshould:oPromotetheapplicationofmembranetechnology.oDevelopnew-fashionmembrane.膜技術(shù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)中的水處理任建新1張保成21中國藍(lán)星化學(xué)清洗總公司,中國北京朝陽區(qū)北土城西路9號,1000292.意大利都靈理工大學(xué)化工系,CorsoDucadegliAbruzzi24,Torino10129,意大利膜技術(shù)在水處理中的應(yīng)用膜技術(shù)在水處理中的應(yīng)用決定于其別離效率和過程本錢.作為一種先進(jìn)的別離技術(shù),擁有許多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：高選擇性,適用環(huán)境溫度下無相變,能耗低,自動

18、化程度高,低污染等.1 1海水淡化和處理含細(xì)菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水反滲透膜是淡化海水和處理含細(xì)菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水最為經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法,淡化海水的能源消耗小于5kWh/t,處理含細(xì)菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水的能源消耗為0.53kWh/t.最大的應(yīng)用反滲透膜急性水處理的公司每天的淡化海水量為2.1x105m3/d,處理含細(xì)菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水量為1.3X105m3/do反滲透似乎是解決干旱地區(qū)飲用水和工業(yè)用水在這個問題最好的方法.這是已經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的事實(shí),大多數(shù)最大坐落在中東的海水淡化工廠都可以到達(dá)這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn),具體數(shù)據(jù)參照表2.32 2凈化飲用水膜是凈化飲用水最正確的工具,由于它能去除懸浮物質(zhì)、細(xì)菌、有毒金屬成分和有機(jī)成分,提升水的質(zhì)量.9

19、0%的城市用水是生產(chǎn)用水,只有9%的供水是生活用水,只有1%的是飲用水.對居民區(qū)用水進(jìn)行區(qū)分供給是提升居民飲用水質(zhì)量的有效途徑.區(qū)分供水是用利用膜技術(shù)對這1%的飲用水進(jìn)行特殊處理,單獨(dú)供給.這種居民用水分別供給的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用在北京和沈陽的一些居民區(qū),主要應(yīng)用的是反滲透膜.3 3市政污水的回用城市污水是一種重要的潛在的水資源.用膜把各種不同的回收水進(jìn)行處理,用作生活用水.這是一種解決水資源短缺的有效方法.北京有已建的3座、4座正在建造中生活污水處理工廠,而將要建設(shè)的有15座.到2006年,污水處理的比例會提升到80%.這些廢水處理工廠的處理量將到達(dá)2億噸.水經(jīng)過膜處理后,可以到達(dá)重復(fù)使用的目的,

20、如用作工業(yè)用水、綠化用水以及其他的領(lǐng)域.以這種方式,市政用水供給量可以降低,而水資源也能夠得到充分的利用.如果膜技術(shù)應(yīng)用在城市污水深度處理,僅在北京每天就將減少超過100萬噸的污水排放,同時,也就節(jié)約了超過100萬噸的水資源.這樣每年就可以每年減少3.6億噸水的水費(fèi)開支.這種方法能減輕水污染,保護(hù)水資源.表.2 2世界五大海水淡化廠國家處理量m3/d單位數(shù)目起運(yùn)作年份膜技木公司沙特阿拉伯128000151998東洋紡沙特阿拉伯90909151999杜邦沙特阿拉伯56800101989東洋紡沙特阿拉伯56800101994東洋紡西班牙56400101998杜邦1998年世界海水淡化的總?cè)萘繛?2735000m3/d4 4處