大學(xué)四級(jí)-1793

1、大學(xué)四級(jí)-1793總分：712.00 ,做題時(shí)間：90分鐘一、Part I Writing 總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：106.001.1. 越來(lái)越多的人采用“低碳的方式生活2 .低碳生活有很多益處3 .低碳生活,我們應(yīng)該Lead a Low-Carbon Life分?jǐn)?shù)：106.00 正確答案：Lead a Low-Carbon LifeWith the environmental problems on our planet going from bad to worse, reducing carbon emission has become everyones responsibility. Mo

2、re and more celebrities and ordinary people have embraced the low-carbon lifestyle by paying close attention to carbon emission from daily life. Low-carbon life refers to a kind of lifestylewith low energy consumption and carbon emissions.For one thing , it is significant in saving natural resources

3、 and energy such as forests, water and oil. Fo r another, it can protect our environment by emitting less green house gases.To lead a low- carbon life, we have a long way to go to bridge the gap between recognition and practices. For recognition, we need to pick up our long-standing Chinese traditio

4、n of frugality. And for practice, turning to public transitsystem for transportation is an advisable step. Leadinga low- carbon life is anything but easy, nevertheless, everybody should do something for theearth we live in. 解析： from bad to worse 越來(lái)越糟,每況愈下 embrace.lifestyle 米取生活方式 low energy consumpt

5、ion and carbon emissions低能耗和低碳排放列舉益處 green house gases濕室氣體 a long way to go任重道遠(yuǎn) anything but easy絕非易事nevertheless然而,不過(guò)二、Part n Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning總題數(shù)：4,分?jǐn)?shù)：70.00The Kids Cant Help ItThey say you never escape high school. And for better or worse, science is lending some credibi

6、lity to that old saw. Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a number of longitudinal 縱向的studies, were learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subjectto a host of environmental and genetic factors. This emerging research sheds light not only on why teenagers ac

7、t the way they do, but how the experiences of adolescence from rejection to binge drinking 酗?酉can affect who we become as adults, how we handle stress, and the way we bondwith others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study, says Dr. Frances Jensen, a neuroscientist at Harvard, is

8、 that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence, as was previously thought. Adolescent brains are only about 80 percent of the way to maturity, she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November. It takes until the mid-20s, and possibly later, for a brain to become

9、fully developed.An excess of gray matter the stuff that does the processing at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning the reason were so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment

10、, both emotional and physical. Our brains processing centers havent been fully linked yet, particularly the parts responsible for helping to check out impulses and consideringthe long-termresults of our actions. Its like a brain thats all cheered up not knowing where it needs to go, says Jensen.Its

11、partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to think of a stinging remark, or a biting insult, and so uninhibited in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target a former friend, perhaps, or a bewildered parent. Theimpulse to hurl an insult is there, just as it ma

12、y be for an adult in a stressful situation, but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just havent caught up.In a paper published last year in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Jay Giedd, a scientist at the Ch

13、ild Psychiatry Branch of the National Institutes of Mental Health, wrote that, according to brain scans conducted over several years, gray-matter volume peaks around or just before the beginning of puberty 青春期,and then continuouslydeclines. In contrast, white matter the stuff that helps connect area

14、s of the brain increases right up to, and beyond, the end of puberty.These adolescent brain developments dont happen to all parts of the brain at the same time. The order in which this maturation of connection goes, is from the back of the brain to the front of the brain. says Jensen.And one of the

15、last parts to mature is the frontal lobe 大腦額葉,a large area responsible formodulating reward, planning, impulsiveness, attention, acceptable social behavior, and other roles that are known as executive functions.Its thanks in part to the frontal lobe that we are able to schedule our time with any sor

16、t of efficiency, plan in advance to arrange for a designated driver on a night out, and restrain ourselves from getting into fights any time we get involved in an argument. Unfortunately, its just these sorts of behaviors that teenage brains are not fully endowed to deal withand theconsequences are

17、potentially fatal when it comes to high-risk behavior like drinking and driving. This blast of teen-brain change is compounded by profound social and psychological shifts. Of particular importance is that adolescence is the time when we develop stronger social connections with our peers, and more in

18、dependence from our parents.Before the transition to adolescence, kids interactions with one another, and the kinds of friendships that they have, are substantially different, explains Dr. Mitch Prinstein, professor and director of clinical psychology, at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hil

19、l. After adolescence they can really confide in friends, they turn to them as first sources of social support.This cuts both ways. Healthy relationships have a positive effect on how an adolescent navigates through a noisy period of life. But at the same time, this reliance on friends makes young pe

20、ople susceptible to the influence of peer pressure, even when it is indirect.The most effective predictors of why adolescents engage in all kinds of health-risk behaviors substance use, sexual behavior, even recently, self-cutting is very much related to how much they perceive that their close frien

21、ds are doing the same thing, or someone that they consider very cool and popular is doing the same thing, says Prinstein.And, the latest research shows that some of these risky behaviors may have surprising lifelong consequences. Toni Pak, assistant professor in the department of cell and molecular

22、physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, recently demonstrated that rats exposed to binge drinking as adolescents developed some troubling issues as adults.Meanwhile, a Harvard study found that kids who smoked pot before age 16 had more lifelong cognitive problems than tho

23、se who started smoking after 16. The tests were done on subjects with an average age of 22, and those who smoked pot 大麻earlier had problems remembering details, making decisions, and responding quickly when directions changed.Another study found that peer rejection and public speaking create a great

24、er chemical stress response in adolescents compared with children. The authors of the paper on this study noted that an increased stress response might be a biological strategy that allows adolescents to adapt to their environments, but that in high-risk individuals this upward shift in stress respo

25、nse may tip the balance toward stress-response deregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. As Kevin Beaver, a Florida State University researcher who studies adolescence and crime, says, Stress can pull the trigger on the genetic gun.The good news is that most of us make it ou

26、t of adolescence just fine. And while a better understanding of the teenage brain may bring into focus dangers we hadnt known existed, it may also allow us to identify who is at risk.分?jǐn)?shù)：49.00 （1） .Through imaging technology and many studies, what factors do we learn that affect the brain development

27、 of the teen years?A. Psychological and physical factors.B. Academic and scientific factors.C. Sleeping and dieting factors.D. Environmental and genetic factors.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00A.B.C.D. V 解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞imaging technology , studies定位到第一段第三句：Thanks tosophisticated imaging technology and a number of longitudinal

28、studies, were learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.可知,通過(guò)復(fù)雜的成像技術(shù)以及許多縱向的研究,我們得知青少年時(shí)期是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的大腦發(fā)育階 段,它會(huì)受到許多環(huán)境和基因因素的影響.應(yīng)選 D項(xiàng).（2） .What does Dr. Frances Jensen say about adolescent brains?A. They experience temporary s

29、uspension of maturing.B. They are fully developed as adult brains.C. They are about 80% of the way to maturity.D. They can be easily affected by the environment.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B.C. VD.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 Dr. Frances Jensen , adolescent brains 定位到第二段第二句： Adolescent brains “are only about 80 percent of the way t

30、o maturity, 可知, Dr. Frances Jensen 說(shuō), 青少年的大腦“只到達(dá)了 80%勺成熟度.應(yīng)選 C項(xiàng).（3） .Why cant adolescents stop themselves from saying something cruel?A. They received insufficient education.B. The brain regions that prevent them have not caught up.C. They regard yelling a good way to let off anger.D. Teens can be s

31、o quick to think of a stinging remark.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00A.B. VC.D.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 stop , something cruel定位到第四段第二句：The impulse to hurl an insult is there, just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation, but the brain regions thatan adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just have

32、nt caught up.可知,青少年也有想要說(shuō)侮辱的話沖動(dòng),正如在緊張的形勢(shì)下成人也會(huì)有的一樣,但是像成人所依賴的可能 阻止他說(shuō)出殘忍話語(yǔ)的大腦區(qū)域還沒(méi)有形成.應(yīng)選B項(xiàng).（4） .How does the gray-matter develop, according to Dr. Jay Giedd?A. Its volume continuously declines around or before the beginning of puberty.B. It increases right up to puberty, and continues beyond the end of p

33、uberty.C. It reaches the highest point around or just before the beginning of puberty.D. Its volume increases before puberty and declines in the middle of puberty.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B.C. VD.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 gray-matter , Dr. Jay Giedd定位到第五段第一句： Dr.Jay Giedd, wrote that, according to brain scans conducted over s

34、everal years, gray-matter volume peaks around or just before the beginning of puberty.可知,Dr. Jay Giedd 寫(xiě)到,根據(jù)幾年內(nèi)所進(jìn)行的大腦掃描,灰白質(zhì)的數(shù)量在青春期開(kāi)始前后或就在青春期開(kāi)始前到達(dá)頂峰.應(yīng)選 C項(xiàng).（5） .Jensen said that the maturation of connection follows the sequence of.A. from the back of the brain to the front of the brainB. happening to

35、all parts of the brain at the same timeC. from the frontal lobe to the back lobe of the brainD. from the gray matter to the white matter in the brain分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A. VB.C.D.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 Jensen, maturation , sequence定位到第六段第二句： The order in which this maturation of connection goes, is from the back of the

36、brain to the front of the brain, “ says Jensen.可知,Jensen說(shuō)：“這種成熟連接的順序是從大腦的后部到大腦的前部.應(yīng)選A項(xiàng).題干中的sequence 是原文中 order 的 同義替換.（6） .What activity will the frontal lobe make us engage in?A. Making reasonable decisions when facing choices.B. Arranging our time with any sort of efficiency.C. Taking risky behavi

37、ors like drinking and driving.D. Getting into fights when we involve in arguments.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B. VC.D.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the frontal lobe , make us定位到第八段第一句：Its thanks in part to the frontal lobe that we are able to schedule our time with any sort of efficiency, 可知,這在局部程度上是由于前葉我們才能以任何形式的效率安排我們的時(shí)間.應(yīng)選B項(xiàng).（7） .

38、According to Dr. Mitch Prinsteins explanation, what is extremely different before kids turn to adolescence?A. More independence from parents and strong capability.B. Their friends as their first sources of social support.C. Their confidence in their friends and family members.D. Their interactions w

39、ith one another and their friendships.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B.C. VD.解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 Dr. Mitch Prinstein 定位到第十段第一句：Before the transition to adolescence, kids interactions with one another, and the kinds of friendships that they have,are substantially different, After adolescence they can really confide in friends,

40、 they turnto them as first sources of social support.可知,Dr. Mitch Prinstein 解釋道：在轉(zhuǎn)變至 U青少年之前,孩子和其他人的交流,以及他們所擁有的友情類(lèi)別是非常不同的在進(jìn)入青春期后他們可能非常依賴朋友,把朋友作為社會(huì)支持的第一來(lái)源.應(yīng)選C項(xiàng).題干中的turn是原文transition的同意替換.2 .The recent research indicates that some of the adolescents health-risk behaviors may cause 1.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00填空項(xiàng) 1: 正確答案：

41、 surprising lifelong consequences 解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 the recent research , some of , behaviors定位到第十三段第一句：And,the latest research shows that some of these risky behaviors may have surprising lifelongconsequences.可知,最新的研究顯示,這些有健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的行為中,有的可能會(huì)有令人吃驚的、持續(xù)一生 的后果. 故填 surprising lifelong consequences .3 .A Harvard

42、study found that kids who smoked pot earlier had difficulty in making 1 when directions changed.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00填空項(xiàng) 1: 正確答案： quick responses 解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 smoked pot earlier定位到第十四段第二句：The tests were done onsubjects with an average age of 22, and those who smoked pot earlier had problems remembering details, m

43、aking decisions, and responding quickly when directions changed,可知, 這些測(cè)試的研究對(duì)象是平均年齡為22歲的人,而且那些更早吸食大麻的人在記憶細(xì)節(jié)、做出決定以及當(dāng)指示改變時(shí)迅速做出反響方面都存在問(wèn)題.故填quick responses .此題需將respond轉(zhuǎn)換為response o4 .Another study found that compared with children, adolescents may have a greater stress response in face of 1.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00填空項(xiàng) 1

44、: 正確答案：peer rejection and public speaking 解析：解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 compared with children 定位到第十五段第一句：Another study found thatpeer rejection and public speaking create a greater chemical stress response in adolescentscompared with children.可知,另一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和兒童相比,同齡人的排斥和公共場(chǎng)合的發(fā)言給青少年造成更大的化學(xué)壓力反響.故填 peer rejection and publi

45、c speaking .三、Part m Listening Comprehension 總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00四、Section A 總題數(shù)：4,分?jǐn)?shù)：105.00分?jǐn)?shù)：35.00 （1） .A. He cant get a room at the hotel.B. He didnt get the type of room he wanted.C. He expected the room to be more expensive.D. He thought he had already made a reservation.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B. VC.D.解析：解析W: Im

46、afraid this is the only room in the hotel we have free at this time, Sir. Wewerent expecting you.M: Oh, dear. I guess Ill take what I can get. Next time Ill be sure to call in advance and make a reservation.Q: What can be inferred about the man?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中room, reservation等詞推測(cè)此題與賓館預(yù)訂有關(guān).答案詳解女士對(duì)男士說(shuō)這是現(xiàn)在賓

47、館唯一空閑的房間,他們沒(méi)料到他會(huì)來(lái),男士說(shuō)下次他會(huì)提前打 預(yù)訂,由此可以推知男士沒(méi)能得到他想要的房間.（2） .A. Shell be on the same airplane as the man.B. She doesnt take very good note.C. Shes looking for a ride to the airport.D. She cant help the man. 分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00A.B.C.D. V解析：解析M: Mary, Ive got to fly home for winter break early. Im actually leaving tom

48、orrow. Do you think you could take notes for me in our American History class on Thursday?W: Oh, Jim. Im leaving tomorrow too.Q: What does the woman imply?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中airplane推測(cè)此題可能與乘飛機(jī)有關(guān).答案詳解男士說(shuō)他明天要乘飛機(jī)回家過(guò)寒假,并問(wèn)女士能否幫他在周四的美國(guó)歷史課上記筆記,女士說(shuō)她明天也回家,所以女士在暗示她幫不了男士.（3） .A. She left the videos in her other bag.B. S

49、he will return one of the videos today.C. She returned the videos last week.D. She forgot how many videos she had borrowed.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B. VC.D.解析：解析M: Mariah, I lent you a couple of videos last week. Id like to pass them on to another student today.W: I have one in my bag, but could I keep the other

50、one until tomorrow? I havent quite finished it yet.Q: What does the woman imply?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中video推測(cè)此題與影碟有關(guān).答案詳解男士說(shuō)上周他借給女士幾張影碟,他想再把它們借給另一個(gè)學(xué)生看,女士說(shuō)她包里有一張,問(wèn) 男士能否明天還給他另一張,自己還沒(méi)看完,所以女士在暗示她今天只能歸還一張影碟給男士.（4） .A. She has plans to work in a supermarket this summer.B. She wants to take a class in marketing.C. She

51、doesnt want to work this summer.D. She hasnt finalized her plans for the summer.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00 A.B.C.D. V解析：解析M: Have you decided what you are going to do over the summer break?W: Well, Ive given it some thought, and Id like to get a job in something related to marketing. But I havent come up with anything

52、 definite yet.Q: What does the woman mean?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中plans , summer推測(cè)此題與夏天的方案安排有關(guān).答案詳解男士問(wèn)女士暑假作何打算,女士說(shuō)她想做些關(guān)于營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的工作,但是還不太確定,因此女士還沒(méi) 有完全規(guī)劃好夏天的安排.A Refuse to lend Mary her jacket.B. Use the jacket less often.C. Buy Mary a jacket.D. Wear one of Marys jackets. 分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00 A. VB.C.D.解析：解析W: Mary borrowed my jacket

53、 again this morning. Its getting so cold. I almost never get to use it.M: You gonna put a stop to that. She has plenty of her own things to wear.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中jacket推測(cè)此題與夾克有關(guān).答案詳解女士說(shuō)Mary今天早上又借走了她的夾克,天氣變冷,她自己幾乎都沒(méi)穿過(guò)那件夾克,男士說(shuō)女士最好別再那樣做,Mary自己有很多衣服穿,所以男士建議女士不要再借夾克給Mary

54、.分?jǐn)?shù)：21.00（1） .A. Turn on the television.B. Change the channel immediately for the man.C. Continue watching the nature program.D. Check to see when the nature program is on.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B.C. VD.解析：解析M: The soccer championship is on right now on channel 8.W: If you dont mind, Id like to see the end of t

55、his nature program; it should only take another ten minutes itself.Q: What will the woman probably do?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中television , program推測(cè)此題與電視節(jié)目有關(guān).答案詳解男士說(shuō)現(xiàn)在八頻道在直播足球冠軍賽,女士說(shuō)如果男士不介意的話,她想看完自然節(jié)目的結(jié)尾,只需多花十分鐘,因此女士可能會(huì)繼續(xù)看自然節(jié)目.（2） .A. The man and the woman use the same computer.B. The man cannot help the woman.C.

56、The woman cannot turn off the computer.D. The man has helped the woman with her computer before.分?jǐn)?shù)： 7.00 A.B. VC.D.解析：解析M: I wish I could help you. But, Im not really good with computers. Whenever have a problem with my computer, I just turn the whole thing off and then start all over again.W: Well,

57、 Ive tried that already about a dozen times.Q: What can be inferred about the conversation?聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中computer推測(cè)此題與電腦有關(guān).答案詳解男士說(shuō)他很想幫助女士,但是他不擅長(zhǎng)電腦,他的電腦遇到問(wèn)題時(shí),通常是把全部東西關(guān)掉再 重新啟動(dòng),女士說(shuō)她已經(jīng)那樣試過(guò)很屢次了,因此可以推知男士不能幫助女士解決電腦問(wèn)題.A. She does not like it.B. It does not fit her very well.C. It is too formal for the occasion.D. The man likes the other dress better.分?jǐn)?shù)：7.00 A.B.C. VD.解析：解析M: Which dress are you going to wear7W: I like t