M4U1主謂一致課件

1、2022-1-19By zhx1Grammar2022-1-19By zhx2Useful structures語法詳解：語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間語動(dòng)詞之間, ,即主語的人稱和單即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。的形式。2022-1-19By zhx3主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人如果指兩個(gè)或兩

2、個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：如：語法一致原則語法一致原則2022-1-19By zhx4 He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一或者指同一概念的時(shí)候概念的時(shí)候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。謂語要用單數(shù)。 2022-1-19By zhx5The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱

3、家兼舞蹈演員要給我們那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。表演。The knife and fork is on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。2022-1-19By zhx62. 如果主語是不定式如果主語是不定式, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式形式或或 主語從句的時(shí)候主語從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。單數(shù)。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起來很重要。他正在做的事情看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。收集郵票是他的愛好。2022-1-19By zhx73.

4、 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時(shí)，在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.2022-1-19By zhx84. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用接詞和主

5、語連用,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：語的變化而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。上植樹。2022-1-19By zhx9Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. 瑪麗和其他女孩一樣喜歡跳舞?，旣惡推渌⒁粯酉矚g跳舞。No one except (but) me knows about it. 除了我沒有人知道這件事情。除了我沒有人知道這件事情。All t

6、he students, including Tom, are leaving. 包括湯姆在內(nèi)的所有學(xué)生都要走了。包括湯姆在內(nèi)的所有學(xué)生都要走了。2022-1-19By zhx10 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。語保持一致。就近原則就近原則Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples o

7、n the table.2022-1-19By zhx11Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 2022-1-19By zhx12概念一致原則概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。

8、2022-1-19By zhx131. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。 All of the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 2022-1-19By zhx14None of the money is left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students were there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。沒有學(xué)生在那里。2022-1-19By zhx1

9、52. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名后面的名詞保持一致。詞保持一致。2022-1-19By zhx16Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple is bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the

10、students in our school are boys. 百分之六十的工作已經(jīng)做完了。百分之六十的工作已經(jīng)做完了。2022-1-19By zhx173. 集合名詞作主語集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí)員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。 His family is going out.

11、 他們?nèi)乙獬?。他們?nèi)乙獬觥?022-1-19By zhx18 His family are all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等,形式上是單數(shù)形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指指“民族民族”時(shí)時(shí)是例外。是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.2022-1-19By zhx1

12、95. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。在屋子里什么也沒找到。2022-1-19By zhx206. 某些名詞如某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoe

13、s, glasses等等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)?shù)?dāng)它們被它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如單數(shù)。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。2022-1-19By zhx21 某些名詞以某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。等，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理

14、是一門很有趣的學(xué)物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。科。 2022-1-19By zhx228. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以在以上短語中上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整整個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí)個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。常使用單數(shù)。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. 2022-1-19By zhx23Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。班

15、級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。聽不到任何聲音。2022-1-19By zhx249. 以以a number of 作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí), 謂語謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以以the number of 作作主語事主語事, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in your class is 50.2022-1-19By zhx2510. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作作

16、主語的時(shí)候主語的時(shí)候, 其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。2022-1-19By zhx2611. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單謂語用單數(shù)。數(shù)。 Many a

17、boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.2022-1-19By zhx271. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù)其謂語用單數(shù); 短語短語this kind of men = men of this ki

18、nd = these kind of men (口語口語) (這一類人這一類人), 但但this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù)的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的謂語的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題:2022-1-19By zhx28 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的謂

19、語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture. B)由連接詞連接的名詞作主語由連接詞連接的名詞作主語2022-1-19By zhx293. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短構(gòu)成的短語以及由語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致后面的名

20、詞的數(shù)保持一致,這這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如如:2022-1-19By zhx30 Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. 和這種情況類似的還有和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是。但是,“the number o

21、f + 名詞名詞”的中心詞卻是的中心詞卻是number。試比較：。試比較：2022-1-19By zhx31 A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. The number of pages in this book is two hundred.2022-1-19By zhx32注意注意: A (large) quantity of 修飾要修飾要數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主其短語作主語時(shí)語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A large quantit

22、y of people is needed here. 2022-1-19By zhx33 (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí)其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 短語短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為意為 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意為意為“少量少量”。 2022-1-19By zhx344. a great deal of, a large

23、amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主其短語作主語時(shí)語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名修飾不可數(shù)名詞詞, 其短語作主語時(shí)其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:2022-1-19By zhx35 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.2022-1-19By zhx365. 表示數(shù)

24、量的表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但是其短語但是其短語作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.2022-1-19By zhx376. 如果主語由如果主語由“the + 形容詞形容詞(或過去或過去分詞分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, th

25、e dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：則用單數(shù)。例如：2022-1-19By zhx38 The blind study in special school. The departed(死者死者)was a well-known engineer. 這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)體時(shí),就要與名詞就要與名詞man, person 或表示或

26、表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如人的單數(shù)連用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier. 2022-1-19By zhx39高考鏈接高考鏈接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have2022-1-19By zhx40精析精析：a large number of 后面要接

27、復(fù)數(shù)后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以名詞，所以A不能作為答案。因不能作為答案。因?yàn)闉閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填是單數(shù)，所以要填 has。這句話的意思是這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地地”答案答案 B2022-1-19By zhx412. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC2022-1-19By z

28、hx42精析精析: 分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)分母用序數(shù)詞表示詞表示.如果分子大于如果分子大于1, 分母序數(shù)分母序數(shù)詞后加詞后加-s. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞數(shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語句子中的主語 land是單數(shù)是單數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用is covered. 答案答案C.2022-1-19By zhx433. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海（上海2001） A

29、. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many millionA2022-1-19By zhx44精析精析: 在在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或前如果有具體的數(shù)字或 several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。 many一般不與一般不與 million等詞連用等詞連用. 表示表示“數(shù)百萬數(shù)百萬”，英語為，英語為 millions of。這句話的意思是。這句話的意思是“每每天，世界上有幾十萬人通過天，世界上有幾十萬人通過 e-mail傳遞信息。傳遞信息?！贝鸢复鸢?A。2022-1-19By zhx4

30、54. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (浙江浙江2007) hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 “when and where (to do sth. 或或+從句從句)”作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。由題意可知作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。由題意可知要用被動(dòng)，又由要用被動(dòng)，又由yet可知要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。可知要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。A2022-1-

31、19By zhx465. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(遼寧遼寧2006)A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 句子主語要和句子主語要和as well as 前面的成分前面的成分the father保持一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，保持一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，又由又由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知可知應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。C2

32、022-1-19By zhx476. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海上海2002春春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD2022-1-19By zhx487. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (湖南湖南2007) is B. ar

33、e C. has been D. have beenA2022-1-19By zhx498. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days. (2006全國卷全國卷II)A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keepingC2022-1-19By zhx509. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.(江蘇

34、江蘇2006) is B. are C. was D. wereA2022-1-19By zhx5111. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (安徽安徽2006)A. are B. is C. being D. to be B2022-1-19By zhx5210. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (山山東東2005)A. change B. has changedC. changing D. have ch

35、angedB2022-1-19By zhx5311. How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. (北京北京2002春季春季) A. got B. gets C. are D. were2022-1-19By zhx5412. All the preparations for the task _ , and we are ready to start. (2000年全國春季卷年全國春季卷) A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. hav

36、e been completed 2022-1-19By zhx5513. I told him what I was surprised _ his attitude towards his study. (2000年春季年春季上海卷上海卷) A. is B. was C. at is D. at was 2022-1-19By zhx5614. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000年春季年春季上海卷上海卷) A. is used B. are us

37、ed C. has been used D. have been used 2022-1-19By zhx5715. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been 2022-1-19By zhx5816. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are going to be C. are2022-1-19By zhx5917. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but eve

38、ryone _ get out（NMET97） Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to2022-1-19By zhx6018. A good deal of money _ spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been2022-1-19By zhx6118. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. have offered C. are offeredD. has offered20

39、22-1-19By zhx6219. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known2022-1-19By zhx6320. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were2022-1-19By zhx6421. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. b

40、e 2022-1-19By zhx6522. The wounded _ by the hospital. A. have been taken in C. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in2022-1-19By zhx6623. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided2022-1-19By zhx6724. If law and order _ not preserved, people will not be able to live a secure life. A. are B. were C. is D. was2022-1-19By zhx6825. The movies star as well as a lot of fans _ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers. A. wer