unit2How do you study for a test

1、至善教育八年級(jí)講義內(nèi)部使用Unit 2 How do you study for a test?要求：熟練準(zhǔn)確地掌握本模塊的詞和短語(yǔ)及句式詞和短語(yǔ)1. make/use flashcards 制作/使用抽認(rèn)卡2. make a vocabulary list 制作詞匯表3. listen to tapes 聽磁帶listen to the teacher carefully 認(rèn)真聽課4. ask sb. for help 尋求幫助 He is asking for help. 他正在求救。ask sb to do sth. 叫某人做某事 tell sb about sth 告訴某人某事5. s

2、tudy for a text 為一次測(cè)試學(xué)習(xí) 6. work with sb 與某人一起工作7. watch English news 看英語(yǔ)新聞8. practice conversations with sb 與某人練習(xí)對(duì)話9. read/speak aloud=read loudly 大聲說(shuō)10. improve my listening/speaking skills 提高聽力/口語(yǔ)技巧11. too hard to understand the voices 太難了而聽不懂(說(shuō)的內(nèi)容) tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：Im

3、 too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想說(shuō)。12. the best way to learn English 學(xué)英語(yǔ)的最好方法13. specific advice/suggestions 詳細(xì)而精確的建議14. feel differently 覺得不同15. frustrate sb = make sb frustrated 使某人沮喪find sth frustrating 發(fā)現(xiàn)某事沮喪16. read English magazines 看英語(yǔ)雜志 17. help a lot/a little 幫助很多/很少18. join an English

4、 club 參加英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部19. not at all 根本不20. end up doing sth 最后做某事21. spoken/oral English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)22. make mistakes in sth 在某方面出錯(cuò)make mistakes 犯錯(cuò) 如：I often make mistakes. 我經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)。make a mistake 犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤 如： I have made a mistake. 我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。23. first of all24. to begin with 以開始25. later on 隨后26. be afraid to do sth 害怕做

5、某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕 27. laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!28. make complete sentences 造完整的句子29. take notes=write down the notes 做筆記30. have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困難31. look up the words in a dictionary用字典查閱單詞32. make up conversations 組成對(duì)話33. deal with=do with 處理34. be angr

6、y with 對(duì)感到生氣35. stay angry 持續(xù)生氣36. go by （時(shí)間）過(guò)去、消逝 Time goes by. 時(shí)間流逝。37. decide to do 決定做某事如： Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。decide not to do 決定不做某事38. last for a long time 持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間39. talk to each other 互相談話40. on duty 值日Its ones duty to do sth 做某事是某人的職責(zé)Its our duty to distribute to

7、 the society.41. regard sth as a challenge 把某事視為挑戰(zhàn)42. too much + n. 太多much too + adj. 太43. change problems/troubles/difficulty into challenge 把困難變成挑戰(zhàn)44. try ones best to do sth 盡力做某事45. with the help of sb 在某人幫助下 = with ones help 如：with the help of Li Lei = with Li Leis help 在李雷的幫助下 help sb (to) do

8、sth = help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事46. compare A to B 把A與B進(jìn)行對(duì)比47. physical problems 生理缺陷重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)及疑點(diǎn)講解1. by asking the teacher for help通過(guò)向老師尋求幫助(1)“ask+ sb+ for+名詞”意為“向某人請(qǐng)求”;“向某人要求”。They asked me for help.他們向我求助。(2)by作介詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，這是中考的重點(diǎn)，大家可不要忘記啊！“通過(guò)的方式”。Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教書為生?！敖?jīng)

9、過(guò)（某人/某物）”。He went by the supermarket on his way to school.在去上學(xué)的路上，他經(jīng)過(guò)那家超市?！霸谂赃?，在附近”。Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里，李雷坐在我的旁邊?！霸谥?，不遲于”。I can finish doing my homework by six oclock. 我能在6點(diǎn)之前做完作業(yè)。表示交通方式，意為“乘”。I usually go to school by bike. 我通常騎自行車去上學(xué)。短語(yǔ)鏈接by the way “順便說(shuō)一下”。By the way, I f

10、orgot to tell you the news. 哦，對(duì)了，我忘記告訴你那個(gè)消息了。2. Hes been learning English for six years and really loves it. 他已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年的英語(yǔ)，而且的確很喜歡它。Hes是He has的縮寫。這是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的句子，由“助動(dòng)詞have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去。請(qǐng)看：Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已經(jīng)臥床兩個(gè)星期了。3. She added that

11、having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，和朋友交談一點(diǎn)幫助都沒(méi)有。（1）add的常見意思為“增加，添上，加上”。在本句中表示在說(shuō)完上面的話語(yǔ)后又添加一些話語(yǔ)，是“又說(shuō)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”的意思。It will add to your troubles. 這將會(huì)給你們?cè)鎏砺闊┑?。Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. 史密斯先生補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他很快就會(huì)回來(lái)。（2）at all與not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意義的詞連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)否定意義，

12、表示“完全不，一點(diǎn)兒都不，絲毫不”的意思。He doesnt like swimming at all.他一點(diǎn)兒都不喜歡游泳。There is nothing in the room at all.房間里面什么東西都沒(méi)有。not at all單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的感謝或道歉，相當(dāng)于Thats all right, Youre welcome等。4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 有些話題讓我們興奮不已 ，最后干脆說(shuō)起漢語(yǔ)來(lái)。（1）be/get excited about意思是“對(duì)感到興

13、奮”，其中about后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.她一聽到那個(gè)好消息，就變得很興奮。Are you excited about going to Shanghai? 你對(duì)去上海感到興奮嗎？（2）end up意為“達(dá)到某狀態(tài)或采取某行動(dòng)，以結(jié)束或告終”，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。He ended up running a firm. 他最終經(jīng)營(yíng)了一家公司。5. Maybe you should join an English language club. 也許你應(yīng)該參加某個(gè)

14、英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部。(1)maybe和may be雖然寫法相似，意思也相似，但是用法區(qū)別很大。maybe是副詞，意為“也許，可能”，用作狀語(yǔ)；may be意為“也許是，可能是”，may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，與be一起作謂語(yǔ)。Maybe you put it there. 也許你把它放在那里了。But Im afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一點(diǎn)。(2)join意為“參加，加入”，主要指參加、加入某黨派、團(tuán)體，成為一員，后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的詞或詞組；而 take part in也意為“參加，加入”，指參加群眾性的

15、活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、考試、競(jìng)賽等。My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥兩年前就入團(tuán)了。We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest. 我們正準(zhǔn)備參加這次演講比賽。6. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. 剛開始，當(dāng)老師和全班學(xué)生說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，她的話對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很難聽懂。短語(yǔ)first of all意為“首先，第一”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)首要的

16、事情是什么，不一定用于列舉，常用于first of all., then., at last.，使說(shuō)明的層次更清楚。First of all, I must finish my work. 首先，我必須完成我的工作。7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 剛開始，她講得太快，我不能每個(gè)詞都聽懂。本句中的to begin with意為“首先,第一點(diǎn)（理由）”。We cant go. To begin with, its too cold. Besides, weve no mone

17、y. 我們不能去。首先是天氣太冷了；再者，我們沒(méi)有錢了。begin with意為“以開始”，其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。The book begins with a story. 這本書是以一個(gè)故事開頭。8. Later on, I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word. 后來(lái)，我意識(shí)到即使不理解每個(gè)單詞也沒(méi)有關(guān)系。later on是由later與on構(gòu)成的固定詞組，但在意思和用法上與later既有相同之處，也有區(qū)別的地方。later與later on的用法later作副詞用，意為“后來(lái)”，“以后

18、”，往往以以前或現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間或事情為基準(zhǔn)，因此，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Later he learned how to repair television sets.后來(lái)他學(xué)會(huì)了修電視機(jī)。The radio says the sun will come out later.廣播說(shuō)太陽(yáng)過(guò)些時(shí)候就會(huì)出來(lái)。later常和一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞連用，構(gòu)成“時(shí)間段+later”結(jié)構(gòu)。He came back a week later.一星期后他回來(lái)了。9. It helped a lot. 它很有幫助。在本句中a lot用作副詞，表示“非常，相當(dāng)”，等于very much。Thanks a lot. =

19、 Thanks very much.多謝。He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感覺好多了。a lot還可作“經(jīng)常，常?！苯猓喈?dāng)于often。They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英語(yǔ)課上，他們常用錄音機(jī)。10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. 我認(rèn)為做大量的聽力練習(xí)是成為一個(gè)好的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者的秘訣之一。(1)該句是由that引導(dǎo)的

20、賓語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可以用任意時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我聽說(shuō)布朗先生去過(guò)上海。He said these answers were right. 他說(shuō)這些答案是正確的。(2)one of意為“(中的)一個(gè)”，其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如有形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，形容詞要用最高級(jí)。Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 王老師是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。11. How do we deal wit

21、h our problems? 我們?cè)鯓犹幚砦覀兊膯?wèn)題？本句中的deal with意為“處理，解決”，相當(dāng)于do with，其主語(yǔ)通常是人或物。I have many problems to deal with. 我有許多問(wèn)題要解決。 deal with作“與打交道”，“與做買賣”解時(shí)，主語(yǔ)通常是人、公司、商店等。My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后會(huì)來(lái)收拾你的。12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. 我們中的大

22、部分人可能都生過(guò)我們的朋友、父母或老師的氣。本句中的be angry with意為“對(duì)某人生氣”，后面常跟人作賓語(yǔ)；當(dāng)表示生氣的原因時(shí)，可以加上for doing sth。He was angry with me for not having done anything. 我什么也沒(méi)有做，他為此很生氣。be angry at表示“因某事生氣”，后面接表示言行的名詞、代詞或V.-ing形式或從句作賓語(yǔ)。He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因沒(méi)有趕上公共汽車而相當(dāng)生氣。13. Time goes by, and good friendships may

23、be lost. (P8)時(shí)間流逝，良好的友誼可能也就隨之逝去了。(1)go by是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“走過(guò)”，“（時(shí)間）消逝，流逝”。Two weeks went by. 兩周過(guò)去了。五. 語(yǔ)法1. 提建議的句子：2. aloud, loud與loudly的用法 三個(gè)詞都與“大聲”或“響亮”有關(guān)。 aloud是副詞,重點(diǎn)在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書或說(shuō)話上。通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。aloud沒(méi)有比較級(jí)形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時(shí),常與speak, talk, la

24、ugh等動(dòng)詞連用,多用于比較級(jí),須放在動(dòng)詞之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說(shuō)大聲一點(diǎn)。loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時(shí)兩者可替換使用,但往往含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當(dāng)眾大聲說(shuō)笑。3. 4. one of +(the+ 形容詞比較級(jí))+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 其中之一 如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受歡迎的教師之一。5. Its +形容

25、詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)太難了。 句中的it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to study English6. unless 假如不，除非 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 如：You will fail unless you work hard. 假如你不努力你會(huì)失敗。 I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先寫要不我不寫。 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im go

26、ing to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我將要去上海。 I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。自我檢測(cè)一填詞1.His p_ is poor. I cant understand his words.2.You can write the new words in your n_ and study them at home.3.If you are more careful, you will not make m_.4

27、.After entering WTO, we must meet c_.5.Mary j_ the English language club to practice speaking English . 二單項(xiàng)選擇1. Usually we get _about something and end up _in Chinese.A. exciting; speaking B. exciting; speak C. excited; speaking D. excited; speak2. -_you ever _with a group? -Yes, I have.A. Have; stu

28、dy B. Have; studied C. Do; study D. study3. He finds watching movies _because the people speak too quickly.A. frustrating B. frustrated C. frustrate D. frustration 4. _is bad for your eyes.A. Watch TV too much B. Watching TV too much C. Watch too much TV D. Watching too much TV5. - Its beginning to

29、rain. - _, we wont be able to finish the ball game. A. If it stops B. Should it stop C. Unless it stops D. If it didnt stop6.How did the police _ that accident? A. deal in B. deal with C. do with D. deal on7. Some students think that studying grammar is not helpful_.A. at all B. all C. very D. not a

30、t all.8. Tom was so careless that he often _ in the exam. A. make mistake B.made mistakes C. by mistake D. mistakes9. What did you _ at the meeting? A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by11. How many times _ you _ to

31、Beijing this year? - Three times. A. have, been B. had, been C. have, been D. had, gone12. Where is Kate? - She _ London. A. go B. went C. have gone to D. has gone to13. Shopping with me? - Sorry, I have a lot of clothes _. A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed14. Science is _ difficult for some students _ understand. A.