日本地震翻譯學(xué)習(xí)

1、什么是地震?(雙語(yǔ))所屬：滬江考研 難度：容易 來(lái)源：美國(guó)國(guó)家地理 閱讀：3271 評(píng)論：8 編輯點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文選自美國(guó)國(guó)家地理雜志，涉及到很多值得大家學(xué)習(xí)的地道表達(dá)。文章長(zhǎng)度約12句，正是一篇考研閱讀的長(zhǎng)度。在精讀之后，小編還將帶大家重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)三個(gè)句子的表達(dá)。中英雙語(yǔ) 英文 中文 本文相關(guān)應(yīng)用 貢獻(xiàn)文章錄音 貢獻(xiàn)翻譯稿 邊聽(tīng)邊寫(xiě) 下載本文音頻 背單詞 鼠標(biāo)劃詞已啟用 挑錯(cuò) 收藏 評(píng)論 打印 KOBE House Collapse Photograph by Mosanori KobayashiEarthquakes, also called temblors, can be so tremendo

2、usly destructive, its hard to imagine they occur by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.地震的另一個(gè)表達(dá)是“temblors”，是有可能造成極大破壞力的災(zāi)難。但其實(shí)你知道嗎？世界上各個(gè)角落每天都在發(fā)生著的小型地震多到難以計(jì)數(shù)。Some 80 percent of all the planets earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the

3、Ring of Fire because of the preponderance of volcanic activity there as well. Most earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic platesgiant rock slabs that make up the Earths upper layercollide or slide against each other. These impacts are usually gradual and unnoticeable on the surface; howeve

4、r, immense stress can build up between plates. When this stress is released quickly, it sends massive vibrations, called seismic waves, often hundreds of miles through the rock and up to the surface. Other quakes can occur far from faults zones when plates are stretched or squeezed.世界上80%的地震和火山發(fā)生在環(huán)太

5、平洋火山地震帶上。大多數(shù)地震發(fā)生在斷層帶也就是大陸板塊的交界處，當(dāng)兩塊板塊移動(dòng)相撞的時(shí)候就會(huì)引發(fā)地震或火山爆發(fā)這類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。盡管我們并無(wú)法感覺(jué)到板塊之間碰撞力量的積聚，但是當(dāng)板塊摩擦力量積聚到一定程度的時(shí)候就會(huì)引起迅速的釋放。當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候，地震波會(huì)通過(guò)巖石從數(shù)百里外傳達(dá)到地表引起振動(dòng)。而不發(fā)生在斷層帶上的地震則屬于另一類地震，它們是由板塊擴(kuò)張或壓縮所引起的。Scientists assign a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic waves. A quake

6、 measuring 3 to 5 is considered minor or light; 5 to 7 is moderate to strong; 7 to 8 is major; and 8 or more is great.根據(jù)地震的強(qiáng)度和地震波的輻射范圍，科學(xué)家把地震分成不同的級(jí)別：3-5級(jí)是輕震，5-7級(jí)是中級(jí)強(qiáng)度，7-8級(jí)被定義為大地震，8級(jí)以上就是特大地震了。 On average, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year and some 10,000 people die in earthquakes annua

7、lly. Collapsing buildings claim by far the majority of lives, but the destruction is often compounded by mud slides, fires, floods, or tsunamis. Smaller temblors that usually occur in the days following a large earthquake can complicate rescue efforts and cause further death and destruction.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，每年都

8、會(huì)發(fā)生一次八級(jí)地震，而年均地震死亡人數(shù)也會(huì)在1萬(wàn)人的樣子。地震引起的房屋倒塌通常造成了絕大多數(shù)的傷亡，而地震帶來(lái)的危害卻不止于此，還包括由此引發(fā)的泥石流、火災(zāi)、洪災(zāi)和海嘯。在一次大地震過(guò)后的數(shù)日里總是會(huì)發(fā)生一些規(guī)模稍小的余震，有的余震也同樣會(huì)造成傷亡。 Loss of life can be avoided through emergency planning, education, and the construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake.想要減少地震傷亡，一

9、方面可以通過(guò)實(shí)施緊急預(yù)案和地震知識(shí)普及教育，另一方面，提高房屋的抗震系數(shù)也顯得同樣重要：因?yàn)楦呖拐鹣禂?shù)的建筑物可以在地震來(lái)襲之時(shí)搖而不倒。點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文雖然是一篇只有12句的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)閱讀短文，難度系數(shù)也不高，但由于文章取自National Geographic(美國(guó)國(guó)家地理) 其中很多句子的用法是非常值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的。下面小編將和大家共同學(xué)習(xí)其中的一部分！【例句一】Earthquakes, also called temblors, can be so tremendously destructive, its hard to imagine they occur by the thousands ev

10、ery day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.句子分析：本句的主干是“Earthquakes can be destructive.” 其中“, also called temblors,”是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明earthquake的，句中成分相同；it引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句則用來(lái)進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明地震的其他形式。直譯：地震的另一個(gè)表達(dá)是“temblors”，它可能造成極大的危害。很難想象全世界其實(shí)每天都在發(fā)生著小型地震。參考譯文：地震的另一個(gè)表達(dá)是“temblors”，是有可能造成極大破壞力的災(zāi)難。但你知道嗎？世界上各個(gè)角落每天都在發(fā)生

11、著的小型地震多到難以計(jì)數(shù)。本句亮點(diǎn)：句中不見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折但卻暗含轉(zhuǎn)折之意，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)使用“its hard to imagine”來(lái)表達(dá)與主觀或者普遍認(rèn)識(shí)相悖的觀點(diǎn)?！纠涠緾ollapsing buildings claim by far the majority of lives, but the destruction is often compounded by mud slides, fires, floods, or tsunamis.句子分析：本句but前后連接兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成，這兩個(gè)分句其實(shí)并非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，從句意來(lái)理解，其實(shí)后句對(duì)前句是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，即可以理解為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。參考譯文：地震

12、引起的房屋倒塌通常是絕大多數(shù)的人員傷亡的直接原因，而地震帶來(lái)的危害卻不止于此，還包括由此引發(fā)的泥石流、火災(zāi)、洪災(zāi)和海嘯。本句亮點(diǎn)：本句比較難也很出彩的地方在于claim和by far的活用，以及動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)。1. claim的主要?jiǎng)釉~釋義是“要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索賠，聲稱，主張”，在這里引申為“造成傷亡，或造成破壞”，根據(jù)分句在句中的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，參考后一分句的destruction，其實(shí)這里的claim其實(shí)就可以理解為其動(dòng)詞形式。2. by far作為詞組通常的釋義是“到目前為止；最，得多”，而在本句中的意思并不需要翻譯成詞，只是表達(dá)了一個(gè)程度關(guān)系?！纠淙縇oss of life can be avoided through emergency planning, education, and the construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake.句子分析：本句是典型的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，列舉了三種避免人員傷亡的方法，句子結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)清晰。稍微有點(diǎn)繞的是and后面的分句，但這