地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車傳動(dòng)選型技術(shù)分析

1、技術(shù)裝備 33現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通5/2005MODERN U RBAN TRANSIT內(nèi)燃機(jī)車傳動(dòng)裝置主要有電傳動(dòng)、液力傳動(dòng)和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)3種傳動(dòng)型式。其中液力傳動(dòng)又可分為雙循環(huán)圓/液力換向、雙循環(huán)圓/機(jī)械換向、單循環(huán)圓/液力換向和單循環(huán)圓/機(jī)械換向4種類型。地鐵車輛段調(diào)車內(nèi)燃機(jī)車傳動(dòng)裝置選用何種類型,是本文討論和回答的問題。1選型依據(jù)地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車傳動(dòng)裝置選型必須滿足下列主要功能和性能要求。(1滿足功能和相應(yīng)工況要求。地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車的主要功能是:車輛段內(nèi)地鐵列車的調(diào)車作業(yè);救援時(shí)牽引事故列車;牽引工程車輛實(shí)施線路檢修、檢測(cè)作業(yè)等。據(jù)此功能定位,對(duì)地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車的主要要求見表

2、1(2牽引特性要求。做到恒功率傳動(dòng),將幾乎不變的柴油機(jī)功率與轉(zhuǎn)速,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻咏陔p曲線的機(jī)車牽引特性,起動(dòng)或低速運(yùn)行時(shí)牽引力大,機(jī)車牽引力和運(yùn)行速度成雙曲線關(guān)系。(3運(yùn)行平穩(wěn),無級(jí)變速。做到起動(dòng)平穩(wěn),加速性能好,無級(jí)變速,換檔時(shí)動(dòng)力連續(xù),無沖擊。(4換向迅速,不停車低速換向。在車輛段內(nèi)進(jìn)行頻繁的調(diào)車作業(yè),機(jī)車應(yīng)做到制動(dòng)力強(qiáng),停車方有電傳動(dòng)、液力傳動(dòng)和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)3種傳動(dòng)型式。從制造成本看,在相同功率和最高運(yùn)行速度下,電傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車最昂貴,機(jī)械傳動(dòng)最便宜。液力傳動(dòng)相對(duì)于機(jī)械傳動(dòng)具有自動(dòng)適應(yīng)、無級(jí)調(diào)速、防振隔振、反轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)、帶載起動(dòng)、多機(jī)重聯(lián)及限矩保護(hù)性能等諸多特點(diǎn)。采用液力傳動(dòng)可簡(jiǎn)化操縱,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控

3、制,改善機(jī)車性能,增加舒適性,以及提高傳動(dòng)裝置壽命。從內(nèi)燃機(jī)車性能和經(jīng)濟(jì)性考慮,3種傳動(dòng)型式的現(xiàn)行實(shí)際使用功率范圍一般為:1470kW(2000hp以上采用電傳動(dòng),180kW (250hp魏晨周鳴語(yǔ)摘要:通過地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車傳動(dòng)選型技術(shù)分析,說明地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用雙循環(huán)圓/液力換向型式的液力傳動(dòng)裝置。關(guān)鍵詞:地鐵車輛段;調(diào)車機(jī)車;內(nèi)燃機(jī)車;傳動(dòng);選型表1地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車運(yùn)用條件及要求地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車傳動(dòng)選型技術(shù)分析魏晨:南京地下鐵道有限責(zé)任公司,工程師,南京210008便,可實(shí)施不停車低速換向操作。(5低勻速運(yùn)行。能牽引工程車輛進(jìn)行低勻速(2、5、8km/h的檢

4、修、檢測(cè)作業(yè)。(6高效范圍寬。能同時(shí)滿足調(diào)車作業(yè)、小運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和緊急救援作業(yè)工況,無論是低速或5080km/h 速度運(yùn)行,都具有較高的效率。2宜選用液力傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車傳動(dòng)裝置主要以下采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng),其間采用液力傳動(dòng)。牽引動(dòng)力也有用液壓傳動(dòng)的,液壓傳動(dòng)現(xiàn)有僅在鋼軌打磨車上使用,如美國(guó)LORAM、瑞士SPENO、美國(guó)HARSCO等品牌磨軌車,由于車下布置磨頭,受空間限制,只能采用靜液壓傳動(dòng)型式,通過車軸變量泵和齒輪傳動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)車軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。目前北京、上海、廣州、深圳、天津、南京以及新加坡、德黑蘭、香港等城市地鐵車輛段,配置的內(nèi)燃機(jī)車主要有580、440、336和280kW功率級(jí),基本都是采用液力傳動(dòng)。34種類型液力

5、傳動(dòng)裝置比較3.1雙循環(huán)圓、液力換向傳動(dòng)裝置液力傳動(dòng)箱每根變扭器軸上有2個(gè)變扭器,稱為雙循環(huán)圓液力變扭器;其中用于起動(dòng)和低速工況的,稱為起動(dòng)變扭器;用于中、高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工況的,稱為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變扭器。液力傳動(dòng)箱內(nèi)有2根變扭器軸,分別用于前進(jìn)和后退方向的牽引。通過對(duì)不同軸上的變扭器泵輪充油,就能得到傳動(dòng)箱輸出軸的不同轉(zhuǎn)向,從而改變機(jī)車的運(yùn)行方向,稱為液力換向。 表2液力傳動(dòng)裝置性能比較34MODERN URBAN TRANSIT5/2005現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通35現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通5/2005MODERN U RBAN TRANSIT資陽(yáng)機(jī)車廠ZJ4007Y型和常州工礦車輛廠DELI2B型液力傳動(dòng)箱,都是雙循環(huán)圓

6、、液力換向傳動(dòng)裝置。它們?cè)谠砗徒Y(jié)構(gòu)上與國(guó)際著名傳動(dòng)箱制造企業(yè)德國(guó)VOITH 公司的L3R4Z 液力傳動(dòng)箱相似。3.2雙循環(huán)圓、機(jī)械換向傳動(dòng)裝置北京型2206.5kW(3000hp內(nèi)燃機(jī)車液力傳動(dòng)箱是雙循環(huán)圓、機(jī)械換向傳動(dòng)裝置。該裝置包含起動(dòng)液力變扭器、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)液力變扭器、液力制動(dòng)器和離合器型式的機(jī)械換向裝置等。3.3單循環(huán)圓、液力換向傳動(dòng)裝置資陽(yáng)機(jī)車廠ZJ2007YA 型液力傳動(dòng)箱是單循環(huán)圓、液力換向傳動(dòng)裝置。液力傳動(dòng)箱內(nèi)有2根變扭器軸,每根變扭器軸上各裝有結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同的1個(gè)液力變扭器(B45型,稱為單循環(huán)圓液力變扭器。2套變扭器軸分別用于機(jī)車前進(jìn)方向和后退方向的牽引。3.4單循環(huán)圓、機(jī)械換向傳

7、動(dòng)裝置單循環(huán)圓、機(jī)械換向傳動(dòng)裝置的基本配置是:1只液力變扭器+1臺(tái)傳動(dòng)齒輪箱,齒輪箱用于換向/換擋。例如采用Caterpillar 公司的動(dòng)液力換向機(jī)車牽引計(jì)算實(shí)例下面結(jié)合D E L I 2B 型雙循環(huán)圓、液力換向傳動(dòng)箱,提供液力傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃調(diào)車機(jī)車牽引計(jì)算實(shí)例。4.1牽引計(jì)算選用參數(shù)根據(jù)前述主要牽引要求,選擇機(jī)車最高運(yùn)行速度60km/h,機(jī)車整備重量52t ,軸重13t;柴油機(jī)型號(hào)CAT C-12,額定功率336kW,轉(zhuǎn)速1800r/min;起動(dòng)變扭器型號(hào)B45,最高效率87.6%,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變扭器型號(hào)B85,最高效率87.8%;單機(jī)牽引用于車輛段內(nèi)牽引225t 地鐵列車進(jìn)行調(diào)車作業(yè)和牽引130t 工

8、程車的線路檢修、檢測(cè)作業(yè),雙機(jī)重聯(lián)牽引用于事故列車救援牽引或牽引地鐵列車通過2835坡道線路。4.2起動(dòng)變扭器B 45和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變扭器B85分析B45和B85的無因次特性曲線如圖1所示。B45/B85液力變扭器性能分析如下。(1B45在起動(dòng)(零速工況時(shí)的變矩系數(shù)K 0=6.3,符合機(jī)車啟動(dòng)時(shí)大驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩的要求,加速性能好。力單元:C A T (769D +988F液力傳動(dòng)箱,769D 是1只單循環(huán)圓液力變扭器,988F 是1臺(tái)換向并具有4檔速度的傳動(dòng)箱。4種類型液力傳動(dòng)裝置性能比較如表2所示。4雙循環(huán)圓、表3變扭器輸入/輸出參數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果 圖1B45和B85的無因次特性曲線B ×1062.5

9、2.01.51.00.5K(B45泵輪力矩系數(shù)變矩系數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)速比i注:i 轉(zhuǎn)速比,B變扭器效率,M B 泵輪輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩,n B 泵輪輸入轉(zhuǎn)速,n T 渦輪輸出轉(zhuǎn)速,M T 渦輪輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩。變扭器效率36MODERN URBAN TRANSIT 5/2005現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通表5不同坡度的起動(dòng)牽引噸位 表6不同速度、不同坡度的牽引噸位 于0.78,由圖1得兩變扭器的高效范圍分別為:i g (B45=0.240.617,i g (B85=0.6171.25。B45和B85的總成高效范圍為i g (B45/B85=0.241.25,其中換擋工況點(diǎn)i =0.617。4.3變扭器輸入/輸出特性計(jì)算變扭器輸入/輸出

10、參數(shù)(扭矩、轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算結(jié)果見表3。牽引特性計(jì)算結(jié)果見表4,并繪制出機(jī)車牽引特性曲線(圖2。4.4牽引噸位不同坡度的起動(dòng)牽引噸位計(jì)算值列于表5。不同速度、不同坡度的牽引噸位計(jì)算值列于表6。5選型結(jié)論(1地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃機(jī)車傳動(dòng)裝置選型,必須滿足機(jī)車的功能和性能要求。(2地鐵車輛段內(nèi)燃機(jī)車宜選用液力傳動(dòng)。通過比選,應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用雙循環(huán)圓、液力換向無級(jí)變速的液力傳動(dòng)箱。該裝置可滿足機(jī)車需達(dá)到的功能和性能要求。(3雙循環(huán)圓、液力換向無級(jí)變速的液力傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車,在單機(jī)牽引的調(diào)車和小運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工況下,機(jī)車傳動(dòng)效率均大于70%,符合經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求。(4在35坡道上,機(jī)車可單機(jī)牽引130t工程車輛上坡起動(dòng),或雙機(jī)重聯(lián)牽引225

11、t 地鐵列車上坡起動(dòng),并能以10km/h 的速度安全通過。收稿日期2005-08-30" 傳k 表4牽引特性計(jì)算結(jié)果 (2運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變扭器B85轉(zhuǎn)速比大,效率高,適用于中、高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。(3B45的變矩系數(shù)K 與轉(zhuǎn)速比i 或B45/B85的總成變矩系數(shù)K 與轉(zhuǎn)速比i ,均近似成雙曲線關(guān)系,符合機(jī)車牽引特性要求。(4取兩變扭器的效率均不低1020304050F k /kN /%V /km .h -1圖2機(jī)車牽引特性曲線ABSTRACTSReview of Automatic Fare Collection System for Rail Transit in Shanghai Yin Xijin

12、2 This article presents the development, technical improvement and innovation, operation and management experience, cost management and control, security and re-positioning, and "one through ticket " reform of the AFC system used in rail transit system in Shanghai.Production Localization o

13、f Intelligent Fare Collection System for Rail Transit in Shenzhen Jian Lian6 This paper presents the intelligent fare collection system used in the metro system in Shenzhen and the author's comprehension, the concept, the implementation, and the result of the production local-ization of the inte

14、lligent fare collection system.Study on Management Mode for Maintenance of Automatic Fare Collection System Liu Weiping9 This paper presents two management modes for maintenance of automatic fare collection system: the mode of centralized mainte-nance center and the mode of subcontracts including th

15、e positioning and work division, and the configuration of the computer system and maintenance tools in the maintenance center. Also mentioned is the management of the spare parts.Application and Improvement of IC Card for AFC System of Guangzhou Metro Liu Jing, Li Yuxuan11 This paper describes the i

16、ntroduction background, design principle, technical requirements and improvement of the IC card used in AFC system in Guangzhou metro.On Structure and Flow of Operation and Management of AFC System Yang Zhe, Liu Xinyu13 This paper presents the structural features and establishment prin-ciple of oper

17、ation and management of AFC system, analyzes the major management flow based on the comprehension of the major flow of AFC system, and put forwards the necessity of and guidelines for structural adjustment.Study on Integration Solution for AFC Systems in NetworkWang Fuzhang, Li Ping15 Based on the a

18、nalysis of the development and existing problems of the AFC systems at home and abroad, the author points out that it is the development target for the AFC systems to be integrated into a network serving multiple purposes, and put forwards the mode, struc-ture and technical solution for the integrat

19、ion between the existing and the newly built AFC systems.Analysis on Application of Abnormal Operation Mode of AFC System Li Jidong19 This paper presents the abnormal operation mode of AFC system for rail transit, and analyzes the functions, features and application of various modes.Develop Rail Tra

20、nsit in Wuhan Region Making Use of Railway Resources Lin Yonghong22 This paper analyzes the functional position of the rail transit in Wuhan region, and put forwards the supposition to develop the inter-city rail transit in the region with Wuhan as center by making use of the railway resources.Devel

21、opment and Application of Shield MethodChen Dan, Yuan Dajun, Zhang Mi25 This paper presents the development of shield construction method and the overview of the state of the technology in various countries, and discusses the related issues in the application of the technology in Beijing area.Concep

22、tion of Functions and Equipment Configuration of Com-prehensive Supervision and Control System for Rail TransitTian Shengli30 This paper, based on the relevant engineering practices, analyses the functions of the comprehensive supervision and control system for urban rail transit system, and put for

23、wards some courses to opti-mize the configuration of the system.Technical Analysis on Transmission Type Selection of Diesel Shunting Locomotives for Metro Vehicle DepotWei Chen, Zhou Mingyu33 This paper put forwards through technical analysis that priority should be given to selection of hydrodynami

24、c transmission type with dual cycle/hydrodynamic reverse for the diesel shunting locomotives for metro vehicle depot.Under-floor Wheel Milling Machine Imported by Beijing MetroMa Yiwen, Yu Yigang, Zhao Shuqi37 This paper presents the features and structural performance of the under-floor copying mil

25、ling machine imported by Beijing metro, and the workshop design, the installation and application of the machine. Detection System for Voltage of Storage Battery in Process of Charge and DischargeLiu Junfeng, Pian Chunyuan, Yuan Li, etc41 This paper presents the working principle of the voltage dete

26、ction system used in the process of charge and discharge of storage battery and the architecture and hardware design of the battery on-line in-spection unit and analog linear isolated circuit.Design and Engineering of Phase 1 Project of Rail Transit Line 1 in Wuhan Peng Huachun43 This paper presents the design and en