(完整版)非謂語動詞考點總結(jié)歸納

1、非謂語動詞考點總結(jié)歸納非謂語動詞包括不定式，動名詞和分詞 。它們是高中所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)語法，也是高考必考內(nèi)容。既是高考的難點又是 高考的熱點。真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識： 具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識，會分析句子成分。 具有簡單句最基本的五種句型的知識，要分得清雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。 具有扎實而豐富的動詞知識，要分得清及物動詞和不及物動詞。 具備各種復(fù)合句的知識，能夠拆析復(fù)合句和長難句。1.三種非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及變化形式。不定式主動被動一般形式（本身包含將去做 的含義）To doTo be done進(jìn)行形式To be doing完成形式To have doneTo have been done動詞

2、的ING形式主動被動一般形式（本身包含正在進(jìn) 行的含義）Vi ngBeing Ved完成形式Having VedHaving been Ved過去分詞do ne （無變化）所有非謂語動詞的否定形式都是把否定副詞not,never放在非謂語動詞的前面。2.三種非謂語動詞形式句法功能比較、功能 種類、主賓表疋狀補(bǔ)不定式VVVVVV動名詞VVVV分詞VVVV考點一：非謂語作主語。1. 在很多情況下沒有明顯的不同.Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2. 不定式做主語表示某一次具體的，特定的或有待實現(xiàn)的動作，而動名詞則表示通常的情況.eg:To tell

3、 him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art.動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語，而將動詞不定式（短語）移到謂語之后作真正主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞，動詞和名詞1）形容詞作表語 It is adj/n.（for sb.） to do sth.（常見的形容詞是：necessary,important,possible 等）It is adj./n.（of sb.） to do sth.（常見的形容詞是 clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel 等）2）常見的動詞有：

4、require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy 等eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn' occur to me to ask him to help me.3）一些名詞作表語eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way動名詞做主語時常用的句型有：It is nice doing sth./It' foolish doing sth./It

5、is useless doing that/lt ' a waste of time doing this./It 'worth one' w hile doing sth./ It's no good （use） doing that.It' an awful job doing this. /It' fun doing this.There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing5補(bǔ)充：1.begin和start在下列三種情況下,通常跟不定式,不跟動名詞eg: Snow began to mel

6、t.eg: He is beg inning to study En glish.eg: I began to believe his story.be afraid of doing害怕發(fā)生某事be sure of doing 確信會1）當(dāng)begin和start的主語是無生命之物時.2）當(dāng)begin和start用于進(jìn)行時時.3）當(dāng)begin和start后面跟著一些表示心理狀態(tài)的詞時2. be afraid to do 不敢去做3. be sure to do 一定會eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.（說話人的看法 , 認(rèn)為 Tom 一定會考試通過 .） Tom

7、 is sure of passing the exam. （ Tom 對自己通過考試很有把握.）考點三：非謂語動詞作表語不定式、動名詞、分詞做表語：1. 不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之后發(fā)生的動作。不定式一般緊跟在系動詞如:be, seem, remai n,即pear等后面，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語一般為名詞，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention,wish, dream, etc. eg. My purpose is to teach them a less on.有時句子主語也可以是不定式或名詞性從句。eg:To be stri

8、ct with students is to be responsible for them.What I want to do is （to ）tell you the truth.如果主語中含有 do的任何形式，那么不定式可以省去to.2. 動名詞做表語是對主語內(nèi)容的解釋，這時主語與表語位置可互換，動名詞常用于口語中。Its full-time job is laying eggs.3. 分詞做表語：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：一般表示主動或主語的性質(zhì)和特征 ,令人”的，主語多數(shù)情況是sth.過去分詞作表語：一般表示被動或說明主語情感心理上的感受，感到的”主語多數(shù)是sb.excit ing, exci

9、ted/a nnoying, anno yed /amaz ing, amazed /bori ng, bored/c onfusing, con fused/encouraging, encouraged /embarrassing, embarrassed /frightening, frightened 等考點四：非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語詳細(xì)見5+3 P68-70頁補(bǔ)充：1.動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式：常用動詞：feel （一感）；hear, listen to（二聽）;make, let, have（三讓）;see, watch, observe, notice, look at（五看

10、）;help（半幫助，可帶 to 或不帶 to）etc.注意一：但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加to.注意二：一定要注意動詞與賓語直接的主動還是被動關(guān)系make on eself un derstood/heard解題技巧：牢記固定搭配，辯邏輯關(guān)系。不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語是考察的重點還要仔細(xì)分析非謂語所表示的動作與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后問題。固定句型 sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清 eg. Robert is said abroad, but I d

11、on' know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying考點五：非謂語動詞作定語詳細(xì)見5+3 P67-68頁解題訣竅：找所修飾的詞，辯邏輯關(guān)系，析動作先后與被修飾的名詞或代詞是主動關(guān)系與被修飾的名詞或代詞是被動關(guān)系正在進(jìn)行doi ngbeing + done將要去做to doto be done已經(jīng)完成無done考點六：非謂語作狀語詳細(xì)見5+3 P66-67頁非謂語動詞作狀語 1）多表示伴隨狀態(tài)，或事情發(fā)生的原因，結(jié)果，時間，

12、條件等。作狀語2）分詞要和句子主語關(guān)系保持一致1. 不定式1）表示目的，很常用。作目的狀語只能是不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +動詞原形（不能放句首）2）表示結(jié)果，很常用。不定式做結(jié)果狀語的固定搭配only to dotoo +adj/adv to doso +adj/adv as to do ，such +n as to do adj/ adv eno ugh to doonly （ just） to do常表示意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果。3） 表示原因eg.He laughed to see them fall down./He wept to hear the

13、news.4） 表示選擇和比較eg.She opened her lips as through to speak./ He would die rather than give in.2. 分詞解題訣竅：找邏輯主語，辨邏輯關(guān)系，析動作先后語法作用：1）表示時間，相當(dāng)于表示時間，相當(dāng)于狀語從句when, while。常用于連詞 When, before, while, after,since等后面。也可以省略連詞eg. When allowed, we are supposed to come into the room.Having finished his work, he had a w

14、alk.2）表示原因相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句because, since, for和as。eg. Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.3） 表示條件，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句ifeg. Given more time, I can finish the work.4）表示讓步，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句though, although。eg. Though warned of the dan ger, he still went skat ing on the thin ice.5）表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句，這種分詞前通常有thus或th

15、erebyoeg. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.6）表示方式或伴隨情況，分詞短語沒有相當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句，漢譯時一般譯成并列復(fù)合句eg. They shook han ds, smili ng at each other.The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.7）表示方式 eg. He sat there, as though wait ing.考點七：非謂語動詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)詳細(xì)見5+3 P67頁1. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的

16、句法功能在句中一般作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等；有時還可以做定語1）作時間狀語Spring comi ng ,the fields are full of life .2）作條件狀語Weather permitt ing ,we will have a pic nic this Sun day .3）作原因狀語There being no bus ,they had no choice but to take a taxi .4）作伴隨狀語或補(bǔ)充說明The prisoner stood there ,his hands raised .（伴隨狀語）We met many guest

17、s ,most of them Americans.（補(bǔ)充說明）5）作定語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.注意一：邏輯主語+being+其他"是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語+動詞-ing形式"的一種形式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，being往往可以被省去，這種省去being的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱之為無動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ”2. 動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩部分：一部分是名詞或代詞（主格），起著邏輯主語的作用另一部分由形容詞、副詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等構(gòu)成，表示

18、前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)、狀況或動作1）動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：（若動名詞的邏輯主語為無生命的東西，只用普通格）物主代詞或名詞所有格 +動名詞（作主語、賓語、表語）代詞賓格或名詞普通格+動名詞（作賓語、表語）2）不定式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”構(gòu)成為：名詞/代詞（主格）+不定式，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eg: His mother to come tonight , he is busy preparing the dinner.（=As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）3)-ing形式獨立

19、主格結(jié)構(gòu)”動詞的-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致?？梢员硎緯r間，原因，條件，方式狀語eg: Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.（=時間狀語從句 When everyone was ready）The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. （ =原因狀語從句 Because the boy led the way） My health allowing, I will work far into the night

20、.（=條件狀語從句 If my health allows ）4）-ed 形式 “獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ”與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing 樣，若-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。eg:The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.注意二： 動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生， 動詞 -ed 形式

21、表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束， 動詞 -ing 形式往往表示動作正 在進(jìn)行。eg:1.）The manager looks worried ，many things to settle（. 事情還沒有處理， 而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理， 用不定式 to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. （事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動詞 -ed 形式 settled 表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）2）The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。 （兩個動作同時進(jìn)行）The food cooke

22、d, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了， 小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后， 飯已做好， 小孩才去睡覺的） 注意三：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being 在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下 ;其他情況可以省略eg: There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。（作賓語時 , 通常用 there to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。 Members like there to be plenty of choice.）eg: It being Sunday, a

23、ll the offices are closed. 因為是星期日，所有辦公室都關(guān)門。eg: He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.（his eyes禾口 sleepy 之間省去了 being ）= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.eg: School over, we all went home. （school 禾口 over 之間省去了 being） = School was over, and we all went home.eg: He is standing in front of the black

24、board, his back towards us.= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.注意四：在 “邏輯主語 +介詞短語 ”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，如果名詞用單數(shù)，可以不用冠詞，同時介詞短語里的限 定詞也可省略 。eg:The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand. （ = The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand. ）6、 with 、without

25、 引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞 withwithout +賓語+賓語的補(bǔ)足語可以構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。A . with+ 名詞代詞 + 形容詞 eg.He doesn ' t like to sleep with thndows open.B with+ 名詞代詞 +副詞 eg.Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.C. with+ 名詞代詞 + 介詞短語 eg.He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door,