現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

1、知識點：現(xiàn)在完成時一.一般現(xiàn)在時用法：過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果e.g. Yesterday I finishedmy homework, that ' s to say, I havefini shedmy homework now.過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)e.g. Ihave livedhere since 1990.二.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have/has+過去分詞三.現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型冃疋句He has finishedthework.一般疑問句Has he finishedthe work?否定句He has not finish

2、edthework.兩回答Yes ,he has. / No,he hasn' t.特殊疑問句What has he done?四.在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(1)九詞語already 已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾e.g. I havealready found my pen. = 1 have found my penalready.yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問句句尾e.g. I have not fini shed the workyet.Have you bought a computeryet?ever曾經(jīng)句中e.g. Haveyou ever see n pan das?never從不句中e.

3、g. Ihave n ever bee n to Beiji ng.just 剛剛句中e.g. Ihave just done my work.before以前句尾e.g. I have never beenthere before.so far到目前為止e.g. So far he has lear nt 200words.how long多久e.g. How long haveyou lived here?how manytimes 多少次e.g.How manytimes has he been to Beijing?（2）兩詞組have<has>gone to 去了某地例:

4、Hehas goneto Beiji ng（去了北京）toBeiji ng.（3）兩結(jié)構(gòu)（去過北京）for two mon thsfor + 一段時間Jim has lived herefor 2 mon ths.since last yearsince 3 yearsLucy has bee n in Beiji ngsi nee 3since +過去點時間agoyears ago.si nee 1990since he camesince +過去時態(tài)句He has bee n in Chinasince he camehere子here.have<has>been to 去過某

5、地例:Hehas bee n（4）如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的時態(tài)。e.g. Have you lost your library book?那本書嗎?（5）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years.在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。This is the best book Ihave ever read.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的本書。It is the first time I have_played the computer games. 這

6、 是我第一次玩電腦游戲。五. 在現(xiàn)在完成時中，一次性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用e.g. He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for 3 years連用,改正的辦法有五種：He has bought thebook.（去掉一段時間for 3years）He bought the book 3 yearsago（改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變）It ' s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years haspassed since he bought the book.

7、（改為固定句型It is -s in ce-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改為否定句） He has had the book for 3years.（用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）六. 還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改 法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下： come/arrive/get to/reach be here例: I have come here for 3 years.（錯）改為：I have been here for 3 years. leave/go be away例：He ha

8、s left for 3 hours.（錯）改為： He has been away for 3 hours. beg in /start be on例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯）改為：The film has been onfor 3 minutes. ope n f be ope n / close f be closed例: The shop has opened for 3years.（ 錯）改為：The shop has been openfor 3 years. dief be dead例: His father has died fo

9、r 3years.（ 錯）改為：His father has_been_dead for3 years. fini sh/e nd f be over例: He has finishedthe work for 3days.（錯）改為:The work has bee n over for3 days join例：Ihave joinedthe army for 3years.（錯）改為：Ihavebee n in the armyfor 3 years.或Ihave bee n a soldierfor 3 years. buy /catchfhavee.g. Ihave bought th

10、e bike for 3 years.（錯）改為：I have hadthe bike for 3 years.e.g. Hehas caughta cold for 3 days.（錯）改為：He has hada cold for 3 days. borrow f keepe.g. I have borrowed _ the book for 3years. （錯）改為：I have kept the book for 3years.還有其它的歸納如下：break f be broke ngetup f be upmarry f bemarriedbecome f belose f be

11、lost七. 延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久 的影響。如：learn work sta nd lie know walk keep have wait watch si ng read sleep live 終止性動詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，瞬間動詞，一次性動詞。表示的動作不能延 續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再 繼續(xù)下去。女口： leave ,start,set out ,arrive,reach ,get to,begi n,stop,shut, turnoff, marry ,put,put

12、on, get up,wake, fall,joi n,meet,receive, fini sh,end, complete ,become, come, go,die, open, close,break,give,jump ,buy,borrow八.終止性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用He has died for three days.（錯，終止性動詞die不能和一段時間 for three days 連用）同步練習(xí)：單項選擇題1 、Bothhispare ntslook sad.Maybe theywhat'shappenedtohim .A. knewB. have known

13、C.must knowD.willknow2、He hasbee n to Sha nghai, has he ?A.alreadyB. neverC.everDstill3、Have you metMr. Li？A.justB.agoC.beforeD. a mome nt ago4、The famous writerone new book in the past two year .A. iswritingB. was writingC.wroteD. has writte n5、 一 Our country a lot so far .Yeshope it will be eve n.

14、A. has cha nged ; wellB.cha nged ; goodC. has cha nged ; betterD.cha nged ; better6、Zhao Lanalready in this school for two years .B. will ; studyD. areA. was ; studyingC. has ; studied7、WeXiaoLi sinceknowshe was a littlegirl.knownA.B.hadhaveknownD.k newstudy ingC.8、Harry Potter is a very nice filmit

15、 twice .A. willseeB.haveseenCsawD.see9、These farmershavebeen tothe Uni tedStates.Really ? Whenthere ?A. will theygoB. did they goC.do they goD. have they gone10、youyourhomework yet ?Yes . Iitamome ntago .A. Did ; do ; fini shedB. Have ; done ;fini shedD. will ; do ; finishC. Have ; done ; havefini s

16、hed知識點：過去完成時一過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞。二過去完成時的用法： 過去某一時刻或某一動作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：即過去的過去e.g. When we got to the stati on, the trainhad left.當(dāng)我到車站的時候，火車已經(jīng)離開了。By the end of last week, hehad lear nt1000 words.到上個星期尾為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個單詞。 過去某時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間為止的動作或狀態(tài)e.g. He said that he had made a few friends since he came

17、 to Chi na.他說自從他來中國，他已經(jīng)交了幾個朋友。同步練習(xí)：單項選擇題：1. He asked meduring the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. WhatJaneby the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did.D.had,do ne3. I900 En glish words by the time I was ten。A. learned B

18、. was lear ningC. had lear ned D.learnt4. Shelived here foryears.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, agreat deal of5. By the time my pare nts reached home yesterday, Ithe dinneralready.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. wascooked6. She said shethe prin ciple alreadyA .has se

19、e nB. sawC. will seeD. hadsee n7. She said her familythemselvesthe army during the war.A. has hidde n, from B. had hidde n, from C. has hidde n, with D.had hidde n, with8. By the time he was ten years old, heA. has completed uni versityB. has completed theuni versityC. had completed an uni versityD.

20、 had completeduni versity9. She had writte n a nu mber of booksthe end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at10. Heto playbefore he was 11 years old.A had lear ned, pia noB. had lear ned, the pia noC. has lear ned, the pia noD. learns ,pia no.知識點：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的定義現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示某動作從過去某個時間開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下

21、去。e.g. Those cats have bee n scream ing for hours.那些貓叫了半天了。、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的結(jié)構(gòu)： have / has been +現(xiàn)在分詞e.g. I have bee n wait ing for an hour and a half.我一直等了一個半小時了。三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時主要用法1.表示“持續(xù)”：即表示一個從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)的動作， 這動作可能剛剛停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。如:e.g. The childre n have bee n hav ing a lot of fun.孩子們一直玩得很開心。e.g. She is very tir

22、ed. She ' s been working all morning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。2. 表示“重復(fù)”即表示在一段持續(xù)的時間內(nèi)動作的多次重復(fù)，而這個重復(fù)的動作在說話時并不一定在進(jìn)行。e.g. We ' ve all along been making mistakes like this.我們一直犯這樣的錯誤。四、與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行連用的主要時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時所用的時間狀語： all day / mo nth; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few +時間段

23、;since + 時間點;for + 時間段，等等。e.g. He has bee n work ing all day.他整天都在工作。They have bee n buildi ng the bridge for two mon th.兩個月來他們一直在修橋。He has bee n sleep ing for ten hours.他已經(jīng)睡了十個小時了。The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year.自從新年以來，雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。拓展：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別1. 現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成

24、進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如：He has cha nged his idea.他改變了想法。2. 在表示動作的延續(xù)時，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動作還要持續(xù)下去時， 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如：We have bee n study ing here for two years.我們在這兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。在許多情況下，現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時卻并非 如此。如：He has cleaned the window.他把窗戶擦干凈了。（動作已完成）He

25、 has been cleaning the window.他一直在擦窗戶。（動作不一定完成）4. 有些靜態(tài)動詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時，一般不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如：The war has lasted for a long time.這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了很長時間。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的相通性：在表達(dá)一個從過去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動作時，某些動詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成 進(jìn)行時，女口 expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, sta nd, stay, study, teach, wai

26、t, want, work等。如：你學(xué)習(xí)英語多久了 ？正： How long have yon lear nt En glish?正： How long have you bee n lear ning En glish?他已經(jīng)睡了十個小時了。正: He has slept for ten hours.正: He has been sleeping for ten hours.同步練習(xí)：單項選擇題1. I 'm sure An drew will win the first prize in the fin al.一Ithi nk so.Hefor it formon ths.A.is

27、prepari ngB. was preparingC.hadbee npreparingD.has beenprepari ng2.Bythetimehe realizesheintoa trap,it 'llbetoolateforhim todo anythingabout it.A.walksB.walkedC. has walkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwea fallin housepricesbybetwee n 5 and 10 perce nt.A. sawB. seeC. hadsee nD. have see n4.Cathy ist

28、ak ingno tesofthe grammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool, where sheEn glishfor a year.AstudiesB.studiedC. isstudyingD.has beenstudy ing5.Dannyhard forlong to realizehisdreamandnowhe is popular.A.worksB.is worki ngC. hasworkedD. had worked6. I have got a headache.No wonder. Youin front of that compu

29、ter too long.A. workB. are work ingC. havebee n work ingD. worked7. The unemployment rate in thisdistrictfrom 6% to5% in the past two years.A. has falle nB. had fallenC. is falli ng8. Now that she isout of job,Lucygoing back to school , but she hasn' tdecided yet.D. was fallingcon sideredD.isgoi

30、 ngtocon sider9.youhimaround themuseumyet?(2007 江蘇）Yes.We hadagreattimethere.A.Haveshow nB.DoshowC.Had; shownD.Did; show10.Hi,Tracy,you lookpale.Iam tired.Ithelivi ngroomallday.A. had con sideredB. has bee n con sideri ngC.A. pain tedB. had pain tedC. have been paintingD. have pain ted四、課堂小結(jié)（10分鐘）和學(xué)

31、生一起回顧本節(jié)課所學(xué)知識：現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法及注意事項。五、作業(yè)布置一單項選擇題。1. His fatherthe Partysince1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD.hasbeenin2. Do you know him well ?Sure.Wefrie nds since ten years ago .A. wereB.have bee nC. havebecomeD;have made3 How long have youhere ?About two mon ths.A. beenB.goneC.comeD.

32、 arrived4. Hurryup! Theplayfortenminu tes .A.hasbegunB. hadbeg unC.hasbeenonD. began5. Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy .A. isB. hasC.willD. was6. WhatAnn ieby the time he was ten?A. did, doB.did, didC.has,doneD.had done7 .Hein the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works

33、 C. had worked D. will work8. By the end of last week, theythe bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. hadcompleted9. Ben hates play ingvioli n, but he likes play ingfootball.A. a theB. thetheC. /theD.the/10. By the time he was 4, hea lot of Germa n words.A.had lear ned B.has lear n

34、edC.lear nedD.lear ns- 用括號里面的正確形式填空。1.You know, I(look)for a jobforthreemonths,and this is my firstformalin terview.2.My sister(stay)in Beiji ngforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyis dirtyallover becausehe(play)inthemud allthemorni ng.4.I(won der)ifyou were freethisafter noon5.Here he is!We(wait)an xiouslyforhim si ncel