when可當表時間的關系副詞

1、Unit 21“when” as a relative adverb說明when可當表時間的關係副詞，用來引導形容詞子句修飾表時間的先行詞，亦可與“介系詞+ which”互換：如on which (代替日子)、in which (代替年、月)、at which (代替時刻)等。例句1. The day when/on which you were born is called your birthday.(你出生的那一天就稱為你的生日。)2. Spring is the season when/in which cherry blossoms bloom.(春天是櫻花綻放的季節(jié)。)練習_1.

2、I was walking home one day _ I saw a new classmate, Kyle.(A)which (B)when (C)how (D)where1. B; _2. Sunday is the day _ people go to church.(A)why (B)which (C)when (D)whereC; _3. 2002 was the year _ they got married.(A)when (B)on which (C)in that (D)for whichA補充 where也可當表地點的關係副詞，用來引導形容詞子句修飾表地點的先行詞。例句

3、 1. This is the place where I was born. (這是我出生的地方。)2. We passed by the house where that old man once lived.(我們經(jīng)過那個老人曾經(jīng)住過的房子。)2must 一定、肯定說明must是助動詞，後面須接原形動詞。must除了必須之意外，尚可表示對現(xiàn)在事實的肯定推測，意為一定、肯定。例句1. After driving from Taipei to Tainan without taking a rest, David must be very tired. (從臺北開車到臺南的途中都沒有休息，D

4、avid一定非常疲勞。)2. Gina has eaten nothing since yesterday. She must be very hungry now.(Gina自昨天起就沒有吃東西，現(xiàn)在一定餓壞了。)練習1. 我立刻認為他一定是個書呆子，因為社交生活豐富的人是不會帶那麼多書回家過週末的。Immediately, I thought he _ _a nerd, because no one with a good social life would take so many books home for the weekend.2. 學生不時地發(fā)出笑聲。他們聽的那場演講一定非常有

5、趣。The students laughed from time to time. The speech they heard _ _very interesting.2. must, be; must, be3with + N 有的說明“with + N”可改為形容詞子句“who/which/that + has/have + N”。例句1. The man with a beard is my grandfather.àThe man who has a beard is my grandfather.(留著鬍子的那個人是我的祖父。)2. The person with a ki

6、nd heart won't refuse to help others.àThe person who has a kind heart won't refuse to help others.(心地善良的人不會拒絕幫助別人。)3. The house with a red roof belongs to Mary's father.àThe house which has a red roof belongs to Mary's father. (那棟有著紅色屋頂?shù)姆孔訉凫禡ary的父親。)練習_1. No one _ a good so

7、cial life would take so many books home for the weekend.(A)has (B)with (C)that have (D)who having3. B; D_2. Ken falls in love with a girl _ big eyes.(A)which has (B)that having (C)of (D)who has_3. The dog _ long hair was a present for Diana's son.(A)with (B)had (C)who has (D)which having3. A4S +

8、 V1., V2.說明此句型為分詞構句的一種。這句型原來是以對等連接詞連接兩個對等的子句：S + V1., and (+S) + V2。例句1. I called my mom, and said/saying I wouldn't go home for dinner.(我打電話給我母親，跟她說我今晚不會回家吃晚餐。)2. Stella passed by the park, and noticed/noticing a little boy crying there.(Stella經(jīng)過公園時，看到那裡有個小男孩在哭。)練習_1. They pushed him to the gro

9、und; his glasses flew off, _ three meters away.(A)landing (B)and landing (C)lands (D)landed4. A; _2. The old lady called out to people on the street, _ for help.(A)and asking (B)asked (C)asking (D)who askingC5such + N + thatclauseso + adj./adv. + thatclause說明此為表示結果的句型，意為如此以致於。such用於名詞之前，so則用於形容詞或副詞之

10、前。例句1. Tim is such a careless student that he often makes mistakes.àTim is so careless that he often makes mistakes.(Tim是個粗心大意的學生，所以經(jīng)常犯錯。)2. Harry Potter is such an interesting novel that many children like it so much.àHarry Potter is so interesting that many children like it so much.(哈利波特

11、是如此有趣的一本小說，讓很多小孩子愛不釋手。)練習_1. He had _ a sad expression on his face _ my heart went out to him.(A)so; that (B)such; that (C)so; and (D)such; so5. B; _2. Jim was _ rich _ he could buy anything he wanted.(A)such; that (B)so; so (C)so; that (D)enough; andC; _3. Henry studied _ hard _ he could pass the e

12、xam.(A)such; that (B)very; to (C)enough; that (D)so; thatD6Indirect Speech: S + V (+ O) + if/whetherclause說明此句型為間接問句的用法。yesno疑問句改為間接問句時需用if或whether 來引導，而這if或whether引導的名詞子句，人稱、動詞時態(tài)及時間都須作適當調(diào)整。要特別注意的是，間接問句應採用敘述句，即主詞 + 動詞的句型。例句1. We asked Sophie, “Are you hungry?”àWe asked Sophie if/whether she was

13、 hungry. (我們問Sophie是否餓了。)2. Tom asked me, “Can you play the guitar?”àTom asked me if/whether I could play the guitar.(Tom問我是否會彈吉他。)練習_1. I picked up his glasses, helped him collect the books, and asked _ he _ all right.(A)whether; is (B)if; was (C)that; was (D)when; is6. B; _2. Mary asked me wh

14、ether _ use my telephone, and I told her just to go right ahead.(A)she does (B)did she (C)she could (D)could sheC7It is time for sb. + to V 某人做的時間到了It is time + thatclause說明It is time + thatclause中，that子句的動詞要用過去式或should + V。例句1. It is time for the guests to say thanks to the host.àIt is time th

15、at the guests said/should say thanks to the host.(該是來賓們向主人致謝的時候了。)2. It is time for the children to go to bed.àIt is time that the children went/should go to bed.(該是孩子們睡覺的時候了。)練習_1. We laughed and chatted along the way until it was time for us _ goodbye.(A)to say (B)to have said (C)saying (D)sa

16、id7. A; _2. It's getting dark, and it's time that we _ on the light.(A)turn (B)turned (C)are turning (D)have turnedB8those who.那些的人說明“those who.”等於“the people who.”，後面接複數(shù)動詞。例句1. Those who (= The people who) face challenges without fear will succeed finally. (凡是勇敢面對挑戰(zhàn)的人，最後將會成功。)2. Those who (

17、= The people who) respect others will be respected.(敬人者，人恆敬之。)練習_1. Graduation is a good time to thank _ who have helped you make it through those tough years.(A)any (B)those (C)these (D)one8. B; _2. Those _ kind to others are always happy.(A)that are (B)who are (C)who is (D)that isB9S1 + V1 + so th

18、at + S2 + Aux + V2 為了，以便說明so that為從屬連接詞，引導表目的的子句，相當於in order that，其助動詞常用can/could或may/might。另外，若S1 = S2，此句型可改為不定詞的用法：S + V1 + so as to/in order to + V2。例句1. The salesman tried to speak clearly so that/in order that we might understand his product better. (這推銷員試著清楚地說明，以便我們能更了解他的產(chǎn)品。)2. Ben got up earl

19、y so that/in order that he could take the first train home.àBen got up early so as to/in order to take the first train home.(為了搭首班火車回家，Ben很早就起床了。)練習_1. He said he had cleaned out his locker and taken everything home _ his mom wouldn't have to do it for him.(A)while (B)before (C)as if (D)so

20、that9. D; _2. Judie's son studies hard _ he can pass the final examination.(A)in order to (B)in order (C)so that (D)so as toC; _3. Paul took his glove to the park _ play baseball with his friends.(A)so as to (B)so that (C)while (D)in order thatA10Adv., S + V.It is/was + adj. + that + S + V.說明有些副

21、詞置於句首有修飾全句的功能，可與句型“It is/was + adj. + that + S + V.”代換，如(un)luckily、sadly、clearly、strangely、(un)fortunately等。例句1. Clearly, Susan didn't meet her parents' expectations.àIt was clear that Susan didn't meet her parents' expectations.(顯然地，Susan未達到她父母的期望。)2. Luckily, Carl escaped fro

22、m the burning house without being hurt.àIt was lucky that Carl escaped from the burning house without being hurt.(Carl幸運地從燃燒中的房屋逃出，毫髮無傷。)練習1. 很感激地，我平安獲救。_, I was saved.10. Thankfully; 2. 不幸地，我們輸了這場比賽。_, we lost the game. unfortunate we lost the game.Unfortunately, It, was, thatsense verb (see/h

23、ear/watch/feel) + O + V/Ving11說明感官動詞(sense verb)的受詞後須接V或Ving，不可接不定詞。若感官動詞為被動式則須用不定詞或現(xiàn)在分詞：O + be + Ven (seen/heard/watched/felt) + to V/Ving。例句1. We often hear Tom sing/singing in the bathroom.àTom is often heard to sing/singing in the bathroom.(我們常聽到Tom在浴室裡唱歌。)2. We watched Kim open/opening the

24、 locked door with a key.àKim was watched to open/opening the locked door with a key.(我們看著Kim用一把鑰匙打開鎖住的門。)練習_1. I heard a gasp _ through the crowd.(A)went (B)to go (C)going (D)had gone11. C; _2. I saw his parents at me with a grateful smile.(A)looking (B)looked (C)to look (D)were lookingA; _3. T

25、ed was seen away your camera.(A)took (B)to take (C)take (D)takenB12sth. dawn on sb. 某人開始逐漸明白某事說明若主詞為名詞子句(Nclause)，則可改為It dawns/dawned on sb. + Nclause的句型。例句1. The truth of the matter began to dawn on me. (我開始弄明白這件事的真相。)2. At last it dawned on me that Sadie loved me very much.(最後我才明白Sadie是深愛著我。)3. It

26、 suddenly dawned on me where I had seen that old man before.(我突然想起以前曾在哪兒看過這個老人。)練習1. 就在那一刻，我領悟到我們的友誼有多麼堅定。At that moment, _ _ me just how strong our friendship had been.2. 他們終於明白健康是最大的財富。_ finally _ _ them _ health is the greatest wealth.12. it, dawned, on; It, dawns/dawned, on, thatI. 選擇_1.We'l

27、l never forget the day _ the 921 earthquake broke out.(A)that (B)which (C)when (D)why_2.The grocery store is the place _ you can buy sugar and eggs.(A)when (B)where (C)how (D)why_3.The water is boiling (沸騰的). It _ be very hot.(A)must (B)can (C)may (D)will_4.David won the first prize in the game. He

28、_ be very happy.(A)can (B)will (C)had to (D)must_5.Who is that girl _ long hair?(A)with (B)has (C)to have (D)that having_6.Have you ever seen a snake _ two heads?(A)which with (B)that has (C)who has (D)which having_7.John is _ a nice person _ we all like to get along with him.(A)so; that (B)such; so

29、 (C)so; that (D)such; that_8.The dictionary is _ a useful book we can't do without it.(A)such; that (B)so; and (C)so; that (D)such; so_9.There was _ clear water in the river that we could even see many fish here and there.(A)so; swimming (B)so; to swim (C)such; swam (D)such; swimming_10.Helen st

30、ill remembers the day _ she met Paul for the first time.(A)in which (B)on when (C)on which (D)where_11.Pauline often asks her husband _ he still loves her all the same.(A)that (B)whether (C)when (D)where_12.I ask Harry _ he _ home for supper tonight.(A)whether; comes (B)if; comes(C)whether; came (D)

31、if; will come_13.Ben had a long talk with his parents, _ why he wanted to get married.(A)explaining (B)explained (C)and explaining (D)explain_14.Jeff wanted to know _ his parents _ a computer as his birthday present.(A)that; bought (B)if; buy (C)if; would buy (D)whether; will buy_15.It is almost noo

32、n now. It is time _ us to have lunch.(A)with (B)for (C)of (D)to_16.Quentin is a senior now. It is time that he _ of his future career.(A)thinks (B)is thinking (C)has thought (D)thought_17.Jason is _ a handsome boy many girls want to make friends with him.(A)so; that (B)such; so (C)such; that (D)so;

33、and_18.Buck saved every coin he made _ he could buy his mother a present.(A)so that (B)in order (C)even though (D)as if_19.They got up early _ catch the first train to Taipei.(A)so as to (B)in order that (C)so that (D)for fear_20. _, the patient became better under good treatment.(A)Thanks (B)Thankf

34、ul (C)Thankfully (D)It was thankful_21. _. who like to lie can't be trusted.(A)These (B)Those (C)Any (D)One_22.I didn't see a dog _ long ears by the church.(A)with; passed (B)had; passing (C)with; passing (D)having; to pass_23.We could hear the boy noises in his bedroom.(A)making (B)to make

35、(C)made (D)makes_24.Linda was never seen _ a speech in public.(A)made (B)make (C)to making (D)to make_25. _ dawned on me _ they were tricking me into believing that Arthur was sick.(A)It; when (B)It; that (C)That; that (D)They; thatII. 翻譯填空1.有一天等公車時，我湊巧看到Tina在商店裡買東西。I happened to see Tina _ things i

36、n the shop one day _ I was waiting for the bus.2.我們懷念讀大學時的那段美好時光。We miss the good old days _ we were in college.3.水池結冰，氣溫一定是在0°C以下。The pond freezes. The temperature _ be below 0°C.4.這輛車是如此昂貴，任何買得起的人肯定很有錢。It is _ an expensive car those can buy it be very rich.5.心地善良的人必定願意對好友伸出援手。The person _ a kind heart _ be willing to give his or her good friends a hand.6.Peter是個聰明的人，所以他立刻就知道答案了。Peter is _ a clever man _ he knows the answer immedia