托福生物學(xué)詞匯

1、普通生物學(xué)General Biology以下內(nèi)容由peter整理：將植物學(xué)、動(dòng)物學(xué)、生物學(xué)詞匯進(jìn)行分類、歸并，并按邏輯關(guān)系排列，便于記憶。植物學(xué)Botanybotany植物學(xué)botanical / botanic植物學(xué)的horticulture園藝學(xué)aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層/頂棚foliage / leaf葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果殼hus

2、k（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干bark樹皮branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧場prairie大草原mosses苔蘚shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物horsetails木賊類植物club mosses石松類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll葉綠素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋謝blossom花pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue組織o

3、rgan器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的crossbreed雜交root pressure根壓bore腔/腸cohesion-tension凝聚壓力column花柱necrosis壞死barren貧瘠的；不生育的futile無用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant綠油油的，嫩綠的，翠綠的evergreen常青樹conifer tree針

4、葉樹larch落葉松pine松樹spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia紅杉elm榆樹walnut核桃樹redwood紅木樹plum blossom梅花orchid蘭花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/蓮花rhododendron杜鵑花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨l(fā)ily百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce萵苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麥rye黑麥barley大麥oa

5、ts燕麥動(dòng)物學(xué)ZoologyZoology動(dòng)物學(xué)ornithology鳥類學(xué)entomology昆蟲學(xué)Marine biology海洋生物學(xué)speciology物種學(xué)parasitology寄生蟲學(xué)Genetics遺傳學(xué)Evolutionary biology進(jìn)化生物學(xué)paleontology古生物學(xué)paleontologist古生物學(xué)家dinosaur Ichthyosaurtyrannosauruspterosaur恐龍 魚龍 暴龍 翼龍die out / extinction滅絕flora植物faunain vertebratemolluskcoelenteratevertebratea

6、mphibian reptile mamal primate動(dòng)物無脊椎動(dòng)物軟體動(dòng)物腔腸動(dòng)物脊椎動(dòng)物兩棲動(dòng)物爬行動(dòng)物哺乳動(dòng)物 靈長動(dòng)物protozoa原生動(dòng)物plankton浮游生物aquatic life水生生物rodent嚙齒動(dòng)物ruminant反芻動(dòng)物microbe微生物one-celled organism單細(xì)胞有機(jī)體single-cell單細(xì)胞yeast酵母（菌）bacteria細(xì)菌fungi真菌algae藻類underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器tissue（動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的）組織tentacle觸須insecticide殺蟲劑prenatal care產(chǎn)后護(hù)理

7、navigate導(dǎo)航tiny receptor接收器spawn產(chǎn)卵hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring/ descendants子孫chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient營養(yǎng)品nourishment營養(yǎng)品 / 食物habitat棲息地homotherm恒溫動(dòng)物endothermpoikilotherm變溫動(dòng)物ectothermherbivore食草動(dòng)物herbivorous食草的carnivore食肉動(dòng)物carnivorous食肉的scavenger食腐動(dòng)物omnivorous雜食的habitat棲息地symbiosis共生p

8、arasitism寄生predator捕食者prey捕食；被捕食者cannibalism同類相食camouflage偽裝(disguise)protective coloration保護(hù)色hibernate冬眠；蟄伏dormancy休眠regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食community動(dòng)物的群落或人的部落population種群hordes / swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（牛、羊等）群herd獸群hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation公共衛(wèi)生；衛(wèi)生設(shè)施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamo

9、us一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper誘捕動(dòng)物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陳代謝breed（名詞）品種；（動(dòng)詞）繁殖multiply/ reproduce繁殖anatomy解剖學(xué)appetite食欲scales鱗feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊髓；vertebra脊椎respiration呼吸ingestion攝食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶digestive system消化系統(tǒng)excretory sy

10、stem排泄系統(tǒng)reproductive system生殖系統(tǒng)circulatory system循環(huán)系統(tǒng)respiratory system呼吸系統(tǒng)hormonal system內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小腸large intestine大腸anus肛門digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰分類學(xué)Taxonomyspecimen標(biāo)本hierarchy物種分類的階元或等級Phylum門Class綱Order目Suborder

11、亞目Family科Genus屬Species種Variety變種進(jìn)化與遺傳evolution進(jìn)化darwinism達(dá)爾文學(xué)說origin of species物種起源natural selection自然選擇animal adaptation動(dòng)物適應(yīng)性survival of the fittest適者生存genetics遺傳學(xué)heredity遺傳cell細(xì)胞cell wall細(xì)胞壁plasma lemma / cell membrane細(xì)胞膜cytoplasm 細(xì)胞質(zhì)nucleus細(xì)胞核chromosome染色體protein蛋白質(zhì)amino acid核酸mutation突變variation

12、變異mutation of species物種變異genetic engineering遺傳工程solitary獨(dú)居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis變態(tài) / 變形水生動(dòng)物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚shrimp小蝦prawn對蝦lobster龍蝦crab螃蟹mussel貽貝；蚌類clam蛤蜊oyster牡蠣sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro / octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚plaice鰈，紅斑比目魚哺乳動(dòng)物dolphin海豚whale鯨魚squirrel松鼠marten貂bat

13、蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獺antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴鹿giraffe長頸鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河馬sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的兩棲動(dòng)物、爬行動(dòng)物frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymen / crocodile鱷魚鳥類robin知更鳥owl貓頭鷹barnacle北極鵝penguin企鵝canary金絲雀chirp（鳥、蟲的叫聲）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmi