主謂一致之意義一致

1、高中英語(yǔ)I主謂一致之意義一致1. 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本課，能夠全面掌握主謂一致問(wèn)題中的意義一致原則。2. 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本課，能夠初步了解意義一致原則在主謂一致中的注意事項(xiàng)。重點(diǎn)：掌握意義一致原則的幾種情況。難點(diǎn)：掌握意義一致原則的分析方法及技巧和變通。1. 主謂一致主要考查考生對(duì)句式的理解，判斷主語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型，進(jìn)而與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞協(xié)調(diào)搭配，保證句式的正確與完整。近年來(lái)主謂一致的考查題目并不多，而且在大部分試卷當(dāng)中有逐年減少的趨勢(shì)。2. 高考中主謂一致是考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)必備的重要看考點(diǎn)。從高考命題的取材和立意來(lái)看，對(duì)主謂一致的考查仍然會(huì)出現(xiàn)在并列句和復(fù)合句中，會(huì)與其他考點(diǎn)相結(jié)合，對(duì)學(xué)生辨識(shí)句式的能力進(jìn)行考查。因此，要對(duì)主謂一

2、致知識(shí)有清晰的理解。時(shí)間、距離等名詞作主語(yǔ)意義一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致，這是因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。One hun dred dollars is a large sum for the poor.一百美元對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)是一大筆錢(qián)。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行兩千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。Twen ty years has passed si nee he left his hometow n.他離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)二十年

3、了。A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a weekgood for one ' s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are答案：B思路分析：由a survey可知第一個(gè)空用 shows,首先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；第二個(gè)空前的時(shí) 間three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作單數(shù)，故其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！?the形容詞（或分詞）”作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)“the形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”

4、指一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常用的詞有rich,poor, living, dead, young, old, blind, sick, wounded, aged, disabled, retired 等。What a life the poor were livi ng!窮人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活！The woun ded have bee n sent to hospital.傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。如果該形容詞是指抽象概念，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。The true is to be disti nguished from the false.真假必須明辨。The un expected

5、 has happe ned.出乎意料的事情發(fā)生了。The injuredbeing take n good care of in the hospital whe n the buildi ng was destroyed.A. areB. isC. wasD. were答案：D思路分析：主語(yǔ)the injured “傷員”表示一類(lèi)人，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)，再考慮到空 后句子的謂語(yǔ) was destroyed，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此選擇答案were。學(xué)科名詞及書(shū)報(bào)電影名稱(chēng)等作主語(yǔ)以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，女口mathematics， politics， physics， economi

6、cs 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，另外，復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書(shū)、電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國(guó)家等名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Mathematics is my favourite subject.數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的科目。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.天方夜譚是一本很有趣的書(shū)。The Un ited States is a developed coun try.美國(guó)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。The Uni ted Nati onsfounded in 1945.A. areB. isC. wasD. were答案：C思路分析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1945可知句子應(yīng)

7、該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而句子的主語(yǔ)the UnitedNations為專(zhuān)有名詞“聯(lián)合國(guó)”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。三類(lèi)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)equipme nt, furn iture, cloth ing, baggage, advice, in formati on等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。people, police, cattle, youth等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。army, committee, team, family, group, gover nment, class, audie nee, public 等集合名詞作主 語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的整體概念， 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若

8、強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的個(gè)體組成部分，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Clothi ng is badly n eeded in this flooded area.洪水災(zāi)區(qū)急需衣物。The police are looking for the missing child.警察正在尋找失蹤的孩子。His family isn ' t very large.他的家庭不算很大。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。Cattle one of the causes of the problem troubling my uncle.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are答

9、案：D思路分析：主語(yǔ)cattle是集合名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式，又考慮 到句子的意思應(yīng)該是牛是困擾我叔叔那個(gè)問(wèn)題的原因之一”，故而應(yīng)該選擇are。幾類(lèi)特殊名詞作主語(yǔ)trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors, spectacles, pant等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù) 數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。對(duì)于單復(fù)同形詞如 sheep, deer, aircraft, means, series等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要依據(jù)其單復(fù)數(shù)含 義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式。My glasses are bro

10、ke n.我的眼鏡壞了。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now. 現(xiàn)在，一副眼鏡的費(fèi)用很高。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 用盡了所有方法阻止污染，天空卻依然不晴朗。All possible means ，but we can 't persuade him to change his mind.A. has tried B. has been triedC. have tried D.

11、 have been tried 答案： D思路分析：句子的主語(yǔ)為 all possible means,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且means與try之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選 D 項(xiàng)。1. Two months quite a long time. Yes, I 'm afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. In the city the old B. are taken good care ofD. are been taken good care of_a happy one.D. i

12、s, areA. take good care ofC. is taken good care of3. His family all very kind and friendly. His familyA. are, isB. is, isC. are, are4. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.5. The children in this class eachD. isD. are havingA. hasB. haveC. arenew school bag. A. have B. hasC. has got答案： 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 思路分析：1. 主語(yǔ) two months 作為時(shí)間名詞,雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是依舊當(dāng)作整體來(lái)對(duì)待,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮到應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故而選擇A。2. the old屬于“the形容詞”指一類(lèi)人的用法，所表示的為復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時(shí)考慮到應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故而選擇答案B。3. 本題第一空前的 family 指的是家庭成員, 故而應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ), 第二空由 a happy one 可知所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是家