中介效應(yīng)檢驗程序及其應(yīng)用_圖文

1、 5期 溫忠麟等 : 中介效應(yīng)檢驗程序及其應(yīng)用 3 619 Y = c 1 X 1 + c 2 X 2 + c 3 X 1 X 2 + b1 M 1 + b2 M 2 + b 3 M 1 M 2 + e3 在自變量和中介變量不止一個時 , 研究者首先要明確 , 感興趣的是哪個自變量經(jīng)過哪 個中介變量的中介效應(yīng)。然后找出哪些系數(shù)分別對 應(yīng)于本文提出的中介效應(yīng)檢驗程序 ( 圖 2 中的系數(shù) c, a, b , c , 就可以檢 驗了 ( 但 不用檢 驗 c 的顯 著 性 。例如, 要檢驗 X1 經(jīng)過 M 2 的中介效應(yīng)是否顯 著, 則與 c, a, b, c 對應(yīng)的分別是 c 1 , a 21 ,

2、 b 2 , c 1 ; 要 檢驗 X 1 X 2 經(jīng)過 M 1 的中介效應(yīng)是否顯著, 則與 c, a , b, c 對應(yīng)的分別是 c 3 , a 13 , b 1 , c 3 ; 要檢驗 X 2 經(jīng) 過 M 1 M 2 的中介效應(yīng)是否顯著 , 則與 c, a, b, c 對 應(yīng)的分別是 c 2 , a 32 , b 3 , c 2 。在實際應(yīng)用中 , 一般不 會考慮經(jīng)過 M 1M 2 的中介效應(yīng) , 因為解釋起來比較 困難。如果畫出了路徑圖 , 則容易從圖上找出與 c, a , b, c 對應(yīng)的路徑 ( 系數(shù) 并用本文提出的檢驗程 序加以檢驗。 還要注意的一點是, 當自變量或中介變量不止 一

3、個時 , 公式 ( 4 不再成立。例如 , 要 檢驗 X 1 經(jīng)過 M 2 的中介效應(yīng)是否顯著 , 與 c, a, b, c 對應(yīng)的分別 是 c 1 , a 21 , b 2 , c 1 。此時 c1 = c 是不成立的。 5. 2 結(jié)語 在多變量分析中, 除了考慮自變量對因變量的 影響外, 經(jīng)常還會涉及中介變量。例如 , 有間接效應(yīng) 的路徑分析, 其實已經(jīng)涉及中介變量, 但研究者如果 不知道相應(yīng)的概念和分析方法 , 自然不可能進行真 正的中介效應(yīng)分析( 特別是中介效應(yīng)的檢驗 。 本文提出的中介效應(yīng)檢驗程序 , 可以做部分中 介效應(yīng)和完全中介效應(yīng)的檢驗。由于同時考慮了兩 類錯誤率 , 該程序比

4、單一的檢驗方法要好。而且, 該 程序簡單可行, 計算量少。該程序可以讓讀者避免 在繁多的檢驗方法中無所適從 , 能夠按部就班地進 行中介效應(yīng)的檢驗。 參 1 1+ M acK innon D P, Lockw ood C M , Hoff man J M , West S G , Sheets V. A Comparison of met hods t o t est mediat ion and ot her in tervening variable ef fects. Psychological M et hods, 2002, 7( 1 : 83 104 4 M acK innon D

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16、ract ions. N ew bury Park, CA : Sage, 1991 36 卷 A iken L S, West S G . M ult iple regression: T est ing and int erpret- TESTING AND APPLICATION OF THE MEDIATING EFFECTS W en Zhonglin1, 2 Ch ang Lei2 Hau K it - Tai 2 Liu Hongyun3 ( 1 Faculty of Ed ucation, South China Norm al Univ ersity, Guangz hou

17、510631, China ( 2 Faculty of Ed ucation, T he Chinese University of H ong K ong , H ong K ong , China ( 3 Faculty of Psychology, Beij ing Normal Univer sity, Beij ing 100875, China Abstract T he concepts of mediator and related constructs, as well as t he est imation of mediat ing ef fects were disc

18、ussed. Based on t he comparison of various test ing methods, a procedure was proposed which was a composite test derived from two existing t est ing methods. The newly proposed procedure is likely to be better than any single test ing met hod in terms of the sum of t ype 1 and type 2 error rates. M