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1、透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)【形容詞、副詞命題趨勢(shì)】形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞表示名詞的屬性,副詞和形容詞一樣,在句中起修飾作用,所不同的是:形容詞主要修飾名詞;而副詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查是高考一項(xiàng)重要考查內(nèi)容,考查的方向主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面: 1. 形容詞的用法;2. 副詞的用法;3. 形容詞和副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法;4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置?!究键c(diǎn)詮釋】一、考查形容詞的作用與位置 形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。常放在被修飾的名詞前作定語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),或放在賓語(yǔ)之后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序【考
2、例】-Yeah, too _work makes me tired. 太原市A. little B. many C. much答案C。解析本題重在考查幾個(gè)形容詞的用法。little有“小的”或“幾乎沒(méi)有”等意思。many與much都有“多”的意思,但many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),much修飾不可數(shù)名詞??崭窈蟮拿~work是不可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)選C。2形容詞用作定語(yǔ),修飾不定代詞時(shí),通常后置。The idea of "sunshine sport" makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as
3、one hour every day. 哈爾濱市A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant答案B。解析考查形容詞和不定代詞的位置關(guān)系。從句子意思可知應(yīng)填anything pleasant表“任何高興的事”。A結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì),C表否定。3表語(yǔ)形容詞(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定語(yǔ),需要后置;有些表示身體健康狀況的形容詞,如well,faint,m只作表語(yǔ);sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)?!究祭緾arl felt _beca
4、use he won the first prize in the school singing competition. 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容詞詞義。根據(jù)句意“獲獎(jiǎng)是值得高興、自豪的事情”,應(yīng)選proud。I feel _to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. 太原市A. luckily B. happy C. sorry答案B。解析本題重在考查系動(dòng)詞的用法。系動(dòng)詞feel“覺(jué)得”其后可接形容詞作表
5、語(yǔ),A項(xiàng)為副詞,故排除;B、C雖然都是形容詞,但意義相反,根據(jù)后句推斷選B。Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_ writersHe is still_.鎮(zhèn)江A1iving;alive B1iving;1ivingCalive;living Dalive;alive答案:A解析:alive作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ),指“有生命的,活的,還出著氣的”;living指“健在的,現(xiàn)行的,現(xiàn)代的”,可作表語(yǔ),也可作定語(yǔ)。句意為“金庸是最偉大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活著”,故選A。4用作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。【考例】Li Lei's words made her_.濟(jì)
6、南 Ahappily BangrilyCcrying Dangry答案:D解析:本題考查make后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。選項(xiàng)中只有angry為形容詞,故選D。5 形容詞之間詞義的區(qū)別【考例】Nothing in the world is _if you put your heart into it. 昆明A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary答案A。解析考查幾個(gè)重要的形容詞的含義。這是一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,后句給出的條件是“如果你把你的整個(gè)心思放進(jìn)去”,那么可以很容易判斷在世界上沒(méi)有什么是“不可能的”,其余三項(xiàng)
7、“重要的、有趣的、必須的”都與句子意思不符。-Would you like to go and see a film?-Sure; the TV programmes are too_.南京A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring答案D。解析考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)選boring意為“枯燥的”。Why are you so_?Because our pingpong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship福州Aexcited BexcitingCbored Dboring答案:A
8、解析:由題意“我們的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員王勵(lì)勤獲勝”,故選A或B。exciting“令人興奮的”,往往修飾物事;excited指人興奮,故選A。二、考查副詞的作用與位置1副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞或句子,一般位于形容詞之前,動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。The suitcase(手提箱)was _heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat沈陽(yáng)A quite B so C very Dtoo答案D。解析考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能,“這個(gè)手提箱太重了,提不動(dòng),所以 。We all love Miss Ya
9、ngShe always makes her history class very_. 重慶 Ainterest BinterestsCinteresting Dinterested答案:C解析:very是副詞,后要跟形容詞,該形容詞修飾事物history class,故用interesting;如果修飾人用interested。故選C。2enough作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí),必須后置?!究祭?What do you think of the lecture(演講)of Li Yang's Crazy English? I think it's_,but someone th
10、inks it's much too_.安徽蕪湖Awonderful enough;boredBenough wonderful;boringCwonderful enough;boringDenough wonderful;boredC解析:enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物時(shí)要用一ing形式的形容詞,形容人時(shí)用一ed形式的形容詞,故選C。3 副詞之間的詞義區(qū)別【考例】Its too late to go out now and_, its starting to rain.杭州 A. though B. beside
11、s C. however D. instead 解析:答案為B。題干前半句說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)間太晚了不能出去了”,后面有說(shuō)“天開(kāi)始下雨了”,這兩者是什么關(guān)系呢?不能出去的原因有兩個(gè),時(shí)間太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此兩者應(yīng)該是并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B的besides意為“此外,而且”,符合題意故為正確選項(xiàng)。三、對(duì)形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的考查1原級(jí)的用法。 表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí),用“as+原級(jí)形容詞副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時(shí),用"not so(as)+原級(jí)形容詞副詞+as&quo
12、t;的結(jié)構(gòu);表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí),用“倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)形容詞副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 【考例】John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps _she does連云港Aas good as B as best as Cas high as Das higher as答案C。解析用“asas”作比較時(shí),應(yīng)使用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),據(jù)此可將B與D項(xiàng)排除。good是形容詞,不能用作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以C項(xiàng)正確。Don't just believe the advertisementThat kind of camera is _it sa
13、ys. 湖北 Aas good as Bnot as good as Cas well as Dnot as well as答案:B解析:上句為“不要僅僅相信廣告”,下句應(yīng)為“這種相機(jī)沒(méi)有它說(shuō)的好”?!安蝗纭庇胣ot as+ adjadv + as,句中有is,故用形容詞。故選B。2比較級(jí)的用法。1表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí),用“比較級(jí)+than"的結(jié)構(gòu)表示?!究祭縒hich coat is _on me,the blue one or the black one?一The blue one北京市A good B better Cbest Dthe best答案B。解析 考查比較級(jí),根據(jù)
14、句意:“哪個(gè)大衣我穿著更好看,是藍(lán)色的,還是黑色的?”兩者比較用比較級(jí),故選B。 I think Shanghai food is _Sichuan foodI don't agreeI like Sichuan food better沈陽(yáng)市A better than B so good as C more than D as well as答案A 。解析is是系動(dòng)詞,后面不能用as well as(因?yàn)閣ell作adv:),所以排除D。not soas表“不及”,用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以選A。一What does your cousin look li
15、ke now?0h, he is much _than before福州市A strong B stronger C strongest Dtoo strong答案B。解析本題考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。"than”是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志,它表示兩者作比較,應(yīng)使用形容詞strong的比較級(jí)stronger,故選B項(xiàng)。Let's go by plane, It's _than by train. 吉林省A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest答案A 。解析由關(guān)鍵詞than可知用比較級(jí),所以排除了B、D。再由常識(shí):飛機(jī)的速度快于火車,故選A。2表
16、示一方不及另一方時(shí),用"less+原級(jí)+than"的結(jié)構(gòu)表示?!究祭縏he doctor told Mary to eat _ vegetables and _meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. 廣東省A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer答案B。解析 考查few與little的區(qū)別。本題由句意入手,“醫(yī)生叫瑪麗多吃蔬菜,少吃肉,因?yàn)樗兊迷絹?lái)越胖?!庇珊筮叺脑驙钫Z(yǔ)從句來(lái)看主句中也應(yīng)為比較級(jí),排除A、C選項(xiàng),vegetable為可數(shù)名
17、詞,用many的比較級(jí)more修飾,meat為不可數(shù)名詞,用little的比較級(jí)less修飾,故本題選B。威海 一Hi,TomIs your brother as active as you?一No,he's a quiet boyHe is_.Aless outgoing than meBnot so calm as ICmore active than IDas outgoing as I31答案:A解析:根據(jù)前句“他是一個(gè)安靜的男孩”,也就是“不如我活潑”,故只有A符合句意。3一方在程度或數(shù)量上超過(guò)另一方時(shí),可在比較級(jí)前加程度副詞even,a lot,a bit,a little
18、,still,much,far,yet,by far等來(lái)修飾?!究祭?You speak English much _than before.-Thank you. 陜西省A. well B. better C. best D. good答案B。解析 句中有表示比較的連詞than,所以所填部分必定是比較級(jí),而選項(xiàng)中只有better是比較級(jí)。-Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _? -Sorry! I thought you could follow me. 安徽省A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D.
19、politely答案C。解析此題考查比較級(jí)。由答語(yǔ)可知對(duì)方要求說(shuō)得稍慢一些,而slowly的比較級(jí)是more slowly,其他幾項(xiàng)不符合要求。4用more and more 的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越越【考例】The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. (年江蘇鹽城) A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smalle
20、r and smaller D. fewer and fewer 【解析】 答案為C。句意為“大熊貓的數(shù)量越來(lái)越少因?yàn)樗麄兊纳婵臻g正逐漸變成農(nóng)場(chǎng)”。本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是“比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越來(lái)越”。主語(yǔ)為number,只能和large或small搭配。而結(jié)合句意可判斷答案為C。5. 用"the+比較級(jí)+句子其它成分,the+比較級(jí)+句子其它成分”表示“越越【考例】一Hi, AndrewHow can you improve your English so much? Oh,nothing diffic
21、ultThe _you work at it,the _progress you will make黃岡市A harder;more B more hardly;moreChardier;greater Dharder;great答案A。解析 考查比較級(jí)的用法。the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示“越越”,如:the more,the better越多越好。-As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.-I think so. _we study now, _future we'll have. 哈爾濱市A
22、. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best答案B。解析 根據(jù)題意可知要選比較級(jí),“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”;表示“越,越”。依據(jù)句意:“現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)越努力,將來(lái)會(huì)越好?!彼?、最高級(jí)的用法。1三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時(shí),形容詞最高級(jí)用"the+最高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。Who is _running star in your college?I think Philip is長(zhǎng)春Afamous Bmore famous Cthe most fa
23、mous D1ess famous答案:C解析:由in your college"在你們大學(xué)里”限定范圍,使用最高級(jí),故選C。 Of all the sports shoes , John bought _ pair. Then he had some money for socks. 成都市A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive答案C。解析 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知,one of+(最高級(jí))+名詞復(fù)數(shù),故排除A,再看句意,“因此他留下一些錢(qián)買(mǎi)襪子”故選C。What do you like_,tea,c
24、offee or milk?-Tea, of course. 浙江Abetter Bgood Cwell Dbest答案:D解析:本題考查副詞最高級(jí)的用法。從三者中選擇一者,構(gòu)成了最高級(jí)的用法,故選D。2形容詞最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及muchBy far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really。nothing like等詞語(yǔ)所修飾?!究祭?4作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞?!究祭?Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 一YesI've never been to _one before蘇州 A
25、a more exciting Bthe most excited Ca more excited Dthe most exciting答案:A解析:由句意“我以前從未參加過(guò)比這個(gè)更令人興奮的晚會(huì)”可知,此處要用比較級(jí),故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。修飾物時(shí)要用一ing形式的形容詞,故選A。5形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。Welcome to our hotelIt's _in the city北京Agood BbetterCbest Dthe best答案:D解析:由in the city這一范圍確定要用最高級(jí),且最高級(jí)前要使用冠詞the,故選D。English is one of _impo
26、rtant subjects in our school 濟(jì)南Amost Bthe mostCmore Dmuch more 答案:B解析:本題考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法,根據(jù)范圍in our school可判斷用最高級(jí),故選B。-I am getting _each month. I can't put on my jeans.-I'm afraid you have to take exercise every day. 河南省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviestAmy makes fewer mistakes t
27、han Frank. She does her homework_.南京市A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless答案A。 解析考查副詞的比較級(jí)。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞,且此題為比較級(jí),故選A。六、考查形容詞、副詞詞義或用法上的區(qū)別【考例】Susan enjoys a cup of tea at times,but _she drinks coffee揚(yáng)州市A. mostly B almost Cnearly Dmost答案A。解析本題應(yīng)從句意上破解,“大多數(shù)時(shí)候”她喜歡喝咖啡,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, mostl
28、y可用作副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,符合句意。 Zhou Feng has 1earned English for many years,but he can _understand the English speakers.07江西省A. hardly B certainlyCalways Dalmost答案A。解析考查副詞詞義的區(qū)別。 抓住連詞but是破解題目的關(guān)鍵所在,它在句中表轉(zhuǎn)折,意為“但是”。 學(xué)了多年英語(yǔ),理應(yīng)能聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ),但他卻“不能”,所以應(yīng)選表示否定含義的副詞hard1y。Remember to e-mail meAll of us hope to hear from you_.天津市
29、A quickly B soon Cfast Dquick 答案B。解析 此處應(yīng)是副詞作狀語(yǔ),所以D項(xiàng)排除。quickly常指動(dòng)作敏捷,soon意為“很快;不久";fast常指速度快。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。Unluckily,Mr. Brown drove so _that his car crashed into a tree yesterday evening 連云港Acareless BcarefulCcarefully Dcarelessly 答案:D解析:本題考查形容詞與副詞的用法,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。由題意“太粗心撞到了樹(shù)上”,故選carelessly。沈陽(yáng) Alice _eat
30、s meat so that she can keep herself from getting too fatArarely Balways Cnearly Dcarefully答案:A解析:rarely意為“很少”;always意為“總是”;near1y意為“幾乎”;carefully意為“細(xì)心地”?!菊Z(yǔ)法回顧】形容詞和副詞形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞表示名詞的屬性,副詞和形容詞一樣,在句中起修飾作用,所不同的是:形容詞主要修飾名詞;而副詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。1. 形容詞的用法 (1) 形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 例如: Our country is a bea
31、utiful country. 我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)美麗的國(guó)家。(作定語(yǔ)) The fish went bad. 魚(yú)變壞了。(作表語(yǔ))We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們保持我們的教室干凈、整潔。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))(2) 形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告訴你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 在這部電影里有一些有趣的
32、事情嗎?(3) 用 and 或 or 連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每個(gè)人,無(wú)論男人、婦女,老人和年輕人應(yīng)該參加會(huì)議。 You can take any box away, big or small. 你可以拿走箱子,大的或小的。(4) 用形容詞表示類別和整體。某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the bli
33、nd,the hungry等。例如:The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。(5)有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如: The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國(guó)人頗有幽默感。 2. 副詞的用法(1) 副詞在句中可作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 He studies very hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。(作狀語(yǔ))Life here is full of joy.這兒的生活充滿著愉快。
34、(作定語(yǔ)) When will you be back? 你什么時(shí)候回來(lái)? (作表語(yǔ)) 副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類:1)時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:He often comes to school late.他經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到。What are we going to do tomorrow? 我們明天干什么?He s never been to Bei
35、jing.他從來(lái)沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。2)地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:I met an old friend of mine on my way home.在回家的路上,我遇見(jiàn)了一位老朋友。He went upstairs.他上樓了。Put down your name here.寫(xiě)下你的名字。3)方式副詞方式
36、副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?”這類問(wèn)題的,其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見(jiàn)的方式副詞有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如:The old man walked home slowly.這位老人慢
37、慢地走回家。Please listen to the teacher carefully.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講的。He runs very fast.他跑得很快。4)程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的程度副詞有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:Her pronunciation is very good.他的發(fā)音很好。Sh
38、e sings quite well.他唱得相當(dāng)好。I can hardly agree with you.我不能同意你的意見(jiàn)。5)疑問(wèn)副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的副詞。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有:how, when, where, why等。例如:How are you getting along with your studies? 你的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展得怎么樣?Where were you yesterday? 昨天你在哪里?Why did you do that? 你為什么做那件事?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語(yǔ),則放在賓語(yǔ)之后。例如:Mr Smith works
39、 very hard.史密斯先生工作和努力。She speaks English well.他的英語(yǔ)講得很好。2)頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。例如:He usually gets up early.他通常起得早。Ive never heard him singing.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)他唱歌。She is seldom ill.她很少生病。3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面, 但enough作副詞用時(shí),通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如:It is a rather difficult job.這是一份相當(dāng)難的工作。He runs very fast.
40、他跑得很快。He didnt work hard enough.他工作不夠努力。4)副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:On my way home, I met my uncle.在回家的路上,我遇見(jiàn)了我的叔叔。The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.這里的學(xué)生有許多時(shí)間做研究工作。(3)部分常用副詞的用法1) very, much這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí),而much用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如:She is a very nice gir
41、l她是一個(gè)很漂亮的姑娘。Im feeling much better now.現(xiàn)在我感覺(jué)很好。Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞,而very則不能。例如:I dont like the idea much.我不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。They did not talk much.他們很少交談。2) too, either這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如:She can dance, and I can dance, too.她會(huì)跳舞,我也會(huì)。I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.我沒(méi)有讀這本書(shū),我的弟弟也沒(méi)有。3
42、) already, yetalready一般用于語(yǔ)肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如:He has already left.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)。Have you heard from him yet?你還沒(méi)有收到他的信嗎?He hasnt answered yet.他仍然沒(méi)有回答。4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句, 但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。例如:My brother likes football and so do I.我哥哥喜歡足球,我也喜歡。My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.我哥哥不喜歡
43、跳舞,我也不喜歡。3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化,即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest
44、"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily 2) 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)Goodbetterbestwell(健康的)worseworstB
45、adill(有病的)Oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostLittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。(1)在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用so as。例如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒(méi)你跑得快。Maths is as interesting as English.數(shù)學(xué)和英語(yǔ)一樣有趣。(2)當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式:as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many
46、/much +名詞。例如:This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。(3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),放在as的前面。例如:This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。(4)倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如:Th
47、is bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長(zhǎng)度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.4)比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如:You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine
48、.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。注意: 1)要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。(錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother.(對(duì)) He is clever than his brother.2)要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。(錯(cuò)) China is larger than any country in Asia.(對(duì)) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。The population of S
49、hanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4)要注意定冠詞在比較級(jí)中的使用。比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. (2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 &quo
50、t;極,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。 (4) " 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來(lái)越. "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天氣越來(lái)越熱。第四節(jié)、最高級(jí)表達(dá)形式及用法I、基本用法1、三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物相比,其中一個(gè)人或事物在某方面比其他都好,這就要使用形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:the+形容詞/副詞(最高級(jí))+其他+of(in,among)+(比較范圍)例如:This is the
51、happiest day in my life.這是我一生中最快樂(lè)的一天。This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.這是我所看過(guò)的小說(shuō)中最好的一本。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)的河流。2、最高級(jí)的副詞和形容詞的比較應(yīng)該有一個(gè)范圍,這個(gè)范圍通常由介詞of,in,among+名(代)詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.趙小姐是學(xué)校里最
52、受歡迎的教師之一。Of all the students, Wangbing reads (the) most correctly.在所有的這些學(xué)生當(dāng)中王冰讀得最準(zhǔn)確。They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.他們都來(lái)得很早,但她來(lái)得最早。II、比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的幾個(gè)句型:在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)里,最高級(jí)表示的最常見(jiàn)形式是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+the most.(est) + 比較范圍?!背酥猓R?jiàn)的表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)還有:1)主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 比較級(jí) + than the othersThis one is much larger
53、 than the others.這一個(gè)比其它大的多得多。He is taller than the others in his class.他比班上其他人都高。2)主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 比較級(jí) + than anyone (anybody, anything)elseHe is stronger than anyone else in his class.他比班上的任何人都強(qiáng)壯。His handwriting is much better than anyone else's.他的書(shū)法比其他人都好3) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí) + than any other +單數(shù)名詞I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想漢語(yǔ)比任何的課程更受歡迎。Tom is taller than any other student in our class.湯姆在我們班比其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。India produces more films than any other country in the world.印度是世界上拍攝電影最多的國(guó)家?!菊Z(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1.-How are you getting on with your work? -I can'
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