(完整版)新版新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents?Section A1. Why dont you do sth. ?= Why not do sth.? 為什么不 .呢？提建議的句型(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doingsth.? .怎么樣？(2) Why don t youdo sth.?= Why not do sth.? 為什么不呢？(3) Let do ssth. 讓我們一起做某事吧。(4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我們做 好嗎？(5) had better do/not do sth.

2、 最好做 /不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 請(qǐng)你做 好嗎？(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事嗎？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事嗎？【回答】(1). 同意對(duì)方的建議時(shí)，一般用Good idea. / That s good好idea主意.Yes, please. / I d love是的 to/.我愿意No problem. 沒(méi)問(wèn)題Yes, I think so. 對(duì)，我也這樣想OK/ All right. / Great.好/ 行/太好了I agree with you

3、. 我同意你的看法Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 當(dāng)然可以(2).對(duì)對(duì)方的幫助或要求表示委婉謝絕時(shí)，一般用：I don t think so我.認(rèn)為不是這樣 Sorry, I can I d love to, but我愿意 ，但恐怕對(duì)不t.起，我不能I m afraid恐 怕2.(1)too many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞(2)too much +不可數(shù)名詞(3)much too +形容詞許多too many people許多 too much homework太 much too cold3. soconj. 因此(表示因果關(guān)系，后面跟表示結(jié)果的句子，不與because同

4、時(shí)使用）4.allow v.允許；準(zhǔn)許(1) allow doing sth 允許做某事We dontallow smoking in our house.我們不允許在家里抽煙。(2)allow sb.（not）to do sth. (不)允許某人做某事My parents don t allow me to stay up late我.父母不允許我熬夜。Mr. Smith allowed Mike to drive there. 史密斯先生允許邁克開(kāi)車(chē)去那里。(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事(4)allow 與let 的辨析：allow 指允許，表示默許，聽(tīng)任，

5、不加阻止let 指讓?zhuān)?let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事，語(yǔ)意較弱，多用于口語(yǔ)中，let 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5. What s wrong( with sb./ sth.（)某人 /物） 怎么了？6.go to sleep 去睡覺(jué) ( 強(qiáng)調(diào) “入睡，睡著 ”這一動(dòng)作）fall asleep 睡覺(jué) (強(qiáng)調(diào) “入睡，睡著 ”這一狀態(tài)）7.look 看起來(lái) （系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)）系動(dòng)詞：后跟 adj. 作表語(yǔ)一是：（ be） am /is /arebe quiet=keep quiet 保持安靜二保持： stay/keep （表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)）stay healthy=keep heal

6、thy 保持健康三變化： become/get/turn（表示狀態(tài)變化）五起來(lái)： sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感覺(jué)）8. call up (v + adv)call on 拜訪；號(hào)召9. find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞： hear，watch, see, feel10.look through 瀏覽look for 尋找look over 檢查 ,復(fù)習(xí)look around 環(huán)視翻閱仔細(xì)看look after=ta

7、ke care of照看look through 溫習(xí) ,檢查look forward to 期望look like look out看起來(lái)像look the same看起來(lái)一樣小心 ,從里向外看look up 向上看 ,查單詞11.angry adj. 生氣的 angrily adv. 生氣地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.對(duì)某人生氣【 with 后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth對(duì).某事感到生氣【 at 后接事】(3)be angry to do sth. 做某事感到生氣My father was very _(對(duì)生氣 )his

8、computer.He hit the computer _(angry)12.although= though 盡管 , 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。though / although 不能與 but 連用although/however辨析(1)although conj雖然；即使；縱然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong他.雖然年紀(jì)大了，但身體還很健壯。(2) however adv 然而 盡管如此 插入語(yǔ)，起連詞作用，一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)，可放在句首或句中It s raining hard, ho

9、wever, I think we should go out雨.下的很大，盡管如此，我認(rèn)為我們還應(yīng)該出去。13.big deal 表示重要的事情或狀況，多用于非正式交流。否定 : It s not a big deal=It s no big deal沒(méi).有什么了不起 ; 沒(méi)什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口語(yǔ)中）It s a big deal這.事挺重要的。Whats the big deal? 有什么了不起的？14.hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth.I hope to visit Guilin.(2) hope + that 從句 （表示希望）I hope that

10、you ll be better soon(3)wish v 希望wish to do sth.I wish to visit Guilin.wish sb.to do sth. 希望某人做某事I wish you to go.wish +that 從句表示愿望，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣I wish I were you.15. work out 解決；成功地發(fā)展，后跟 fine,well, badly 等詞，表明產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果如何。(1)計(jì)算出（答案、數(shù)量、價(jià)格等） The math problem is too difficult for me to work out(2)制定出（計(jì)劃等） ,設(shè)計(jì)出 I

11、 have worked out a new way of doing it.(3)解決；找出 的答案The government has many problems to work out.(4)work for 為做事，為盡力，被雇傭者16. get on with sb. =get along with sb. 和某人和睦相處；和某人關(guān)系良好 get on well/ badly with 相處的好 /壞get on=get along 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步How are you getting on these days?你近來(lái)生活如何？17.argue v 爭(zhēng)吵 argument(1)argu

12、e with sb與某人爭(zhēng)吵(2)argue about sth. 爭(zhēng)論某事n 爭(zhēng)論 have an argument with sb.與某人辯論 argue with sb about /over sth. 為某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵(3)argue against 爭(zhēng)辯；反對(duì)He argued against the plan(4) argue for 為 辯護(hù)The lawyer argues for the poor man.18. hang over掛在 .之上；懸浮在 .之上(1)hang out 閑逛；常去某處He likes reading and he often hangs out

13、in the bookshop.(2) hang on to 緊緊抓住 You d better hang on to me in the crowd.(3) hang up 掛電話；懸掛 After she finished her conversation19.elder/older elder adj.年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的His elder brother is ill.(1)elder 表示兄弟姐妹及子女之間的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，表示 “前輩的 ”、“年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的 ”，僅用于同一家庭成員的比較;older 則不限于此。older 泛指新舊、老幼或年齡的大小關(guān)系，是old 的比較級(jí)形式。My younger

14、son is five and my elder son is nine。我的小兒子 5 歲，大兒子 9 歲。Tom is two years older than I湯.姆比我年長(zhǎng)兩歲。(2)elder 在句中只用作定語(yǔ)，不作表語(yǔ)；older 兩者皆可。My elder sister does her homework all by herself.我的姐姐獨(dú)自做作業(yè)。His elder son got married last week.他的長(zhǎng)子是上星期結(jié)婚的。I think his mother is older. 我認(rèn)為他的母親年齡大引起。(3)elder 只能用來(lái)指人； older

15、既可修飾人，也可修飾物。My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen我.哥年僅 15 就參了軍。This dog is older than any other dogs here這.條狗在這里是最老的一條。I have a sister older than myself我.有位比我大的姐姐。20.be nice to sb. 對(duì)某人友好be friendly to sb.be good to sb.21.refuse=say no tov 拒絕refuse to do sth拒.絕去做某事22. instead代替，反而

16、，卻(1) instead adv 代替，句首或句尾 , 表示前面的事情沒(méi)做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead李.病了，所以我去了。Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.(2) instead of 代替 而不是，是介詞短語(yǔ)后接名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞形式,放在句中Instead of going to Qingdao I mgoing to Dalian this year. 今年我打算去大連，而不去青島。She wrote to him instead of call

17、ing him. =She didn t call him. She wrote to him instead.她沒(méi)有給他打電話，而是給他寫(xiě)了封信。23. whateverpron. 任何；無(wú)論什么 = no matter whatWhatever I suggest, he always disagrees. 無(wú)論我提什么建議，他都不同意。(1) whatever 作連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)論，不管此時(shí) =no matter what,位置前后置都可。(2)whatever 還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同時(shí)起先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的作用=anything that 或 all that，有任

18、何一切這類(lèi)意思。此時(shí)不能用no matter what替換。(3)no matter+疑問(wèn)詞結(jié)構(gòu)與疑問(wèn)詞 +ever 在用法上的區(qū)別no matter+疑問(wèn)詞結(jié)構(gòu) ,只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 =疑問(wèn)詞 +ever疑問(wèn)詞 +ever 還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句N(xiāo)o matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy.(4) 時(shí)態(tài)由 no matter what/who/where/when引導(dǎo) 的從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.無(wú)論你是誰(shuí)，

19、都應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。24. offer v. 主動(dòng)提出；自愿給予(1) offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某事側(cè)重主動(dòng)或愿意給予，主動(dòng)提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 主動(dòng)提供給某人某物She offered me a cup of tea.她給我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me. 他主動(dòng)提出代替我去。25.secondlyadv.第二；其次municate v交流 溝通communication n交流；溝通communicate with sb. 和某人交流They communicate wit

20、h each other by QQ.27. explain v 解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明 explanation n 解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明(1) explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋某事。(2) explain to sb. sth.給某人解釋某事(3) explain + that / what/ why 等從句Can you explain what this means?你能解釋一下這個(gè)的意思嗎？Please explain it to me. 請(qǐng)你向我解釋一下吧。28. be worried about sth. 擔(dān)心某事 worry v 擔(dān)心 worried adj. 焦急的worry ab

21、out = be worried about 為 擔(dān)心29.returnv(1)歸還 =give backreturn . to . = give back to .(2)回來(lái)；返回= come back把.還給 .30. be afraid of sth/sb 害怕某人 / 某物be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事，側(cè)重主語(yǔ) “擔(dān)心、害怕 ”某事發(fā)生be afraid to do sth側(cè)重于 “不敢做某事 ”be afraid that-從句害怕，多用于客氣地提出個(gè)人意見(jiàn)或看法Section B1. press v 按；壓 pressure壓力(1)不可數(shù)名詞（物理學(xué)）壓

22、力air pressure 氣壓blood pressure 血壓(2)不可數(shù)名詞還可指精神上、外界施加的壓力= stressunder pressure 在壓力下2. compete v競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；對(duì)抗competition(1)compete with sb. 和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(2)compete against/ with 與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)n 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(3)compete for 為 參加比賽We are ready for the coming _(compete).3.improve =make . better 改進(jìn) improvement4. opinion n 意見(jiàn)；想法；看法(1)in one s o

23、pinion以某人的觀點(diǎn)；在某人看來(lái)n 提高(2)give opinions about sth.給出關(guān)于某事的觀點(diǎn)5. some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口訣】分開(kāi)是一段，合起是某時(shí)；分開(kāi) s 是倍次，合起 s 是有時(shí)(1) some time一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(2) sometime adv 在某個(gè)時(shí)候，(3) some times 名詞詞組，幾次，幾倍Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)s

24、ometimes=at times 有時(shí) （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞）6.otherspron.其他的人或事物There are other ways of doing it. 做這事還有其他的辦法。7. Thy Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前加冠詞 the 表示全家人或夫妻兩人， 用時(shí)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.8.typical典型的be typical of是 的特點(diǎn)9.cut out 刪除；刪去(v+adv)cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到Y(jié)ou d better cut out that

25、 sentence.cut in 插隊(duì) ,插話cut off 切斷（水、電）供應(yīng)10.successful adj 成功的 successfully succeed v 成功，達(dá)到 successadv 成功地 n 成功succeed in doing sth11.It s time for sth是到做某事的時(shí)候了。It s time for lunch.It s time to do sthIt s time to go to school.12.continue v繼續(xù)；持續(xù)continue doing sth =go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 (前后做同一件事 ) cont

26、inue to do sth = go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（前后不是同一件事）(1)continue v. 繼續(xù)，持續(xù)，指進(jìn)程在時(shí)間或空間上的延續(xù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)不斷，也可指短暫停止后繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。He continue the work for two days.他連續(xù)兩天都在做這項(xiàng)工作。(2)go on 指無(wú)間歇或有間歇地繼續(xù)，或以某種特定方式繼續(xù)。go on to do sth繼續(xù)做某事，指開(kāi)始做另外一件事 go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)所做的事情。 After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons

27、.(3)last v.持續(xù)，延續(xù)，維持，指某事物繼續(xù)存在或某種現(xiàn)象在時(shí)間上延續(xù)，說(shuō)明某一動(dòng)作要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。She won t last long in that job那.個(gè)工作她做不了多久。13.send sent sent發(fā)v送send away 趕走send for 派人去請(qǐng)send off 寄出send sb. sth = send sth to sb送.給某人某物類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞： show (展示；給 看)give (給)lend (借出 )send out 分發(fā)offer （提供）send up 發(fā)射return（歸還）tell （ 告訴）14. kind(1) n 種類(lèi)kind of

28、 +adj.有點(diǎn)，有幾分a kind of 一種的，某種的all kinds of各種各樣的different kinds ofWhat kind of ?那種不同種類(lèi)的(2) adj. 友好的be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好(3)kind of 單獨(dú)用，有點(diǎn)，后接形容詞或副詞：He is kind of thin. 他有點(diǎn)瘦 ” I feel kind of hungry.我有點(diǎn)餓 Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔說(shuō)得有點(diǎn)快。(4)若 kind of 前有 a, thi

29、s, that, what等，種，種類(lèi)后加名詞。That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那類(lèi)問(wèn)題難回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜歡何種運(yùn)動(dòng)？15.have time to do sth 有時(shí)間做某事pare A with B 將 A 和 B 比較(1)comparewith把 與 .做比較側(cè)重指兩者間的區(qū)別。(2) compareto 把 .比做著重注意兩者間的相似點(diǎn)。(3)compared withto 狀語(yǔ)，位于句首，句中Compare this car with that one,

30、 and you will find the differences between themThis song compares our country to a big family這首歌把我的國(guó)家比作一個(gè)大家庭。17. good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 goodness n 好處；善行；美德(1)be good for 對(duì) .有益處（反）be bad for 對(duì) 有害處(2) be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅長(zhǎng)于做某事(3)be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb

31、對(duì).某人友好The boy is good _me .He is good_English , and he tells me oral practice is good _improve spoken English.18. development n 發(fā)展Good habits are good for the _(develop) of us teenagers.The _(develop) of science has changed our world a lot.19. cause v. 造成，使發(fā)生(1) cause sb. to do sth使某人做某事(2) cause sb

32、. for sb. 給某人添麻煩(3) cause, reason, excuse辨析cause n. 原因，指引起某種結(jié)果的“原因 ”，后接介詞 of.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast事.故的原因是他開(kāi)車(chē)開(kāi)的太快。reason n.理由，原因，指決定做某事或采取某項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的理由。 The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn t wanttanttomissmeetiangimpor.excusen.辯解，借口，指對(duì)某種行為所做的解釋?zhuān)?/p>

33、以是真的，也可以是托詞。He made a good excuse for his driving. 他為自己開(kāi)快車(chē)找了一個(gè)堂皇的借口。20. in one s opinion以某人的觀點(diǎn)； 在某人看來(lái) 21.perhaps 也許；可能perhaps，probably，possibly， maybe辨析(1) perhaps也許，可能，一般指比較小的可能性。Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.也許我后天去看他，不過(guò)我不能確定。(2) probably 很可能，大概，其可能性最大，表示一種幾乎完全肯定的

34、意思。He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能會(huì)拒絕這份提議。(3) possibly 可能，或許，也許，可能性較大。(4) maybe 或許，大概，主要用于非正式場(chǎng)合，常用在口語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)氣比perhaps輕。Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或許你把信放在你的籃子里了。22.crazy. adj.不理智的；瘋狂的(在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))be crazy about 對(duì) 著迷；熱衷于I m crazy about football.23.It s + adj.(easy,difficult,import

35、ant,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth(1) 若形容詞表示事物特征的，easy ,difficult, hard ,important 等，須用介詞 forIt s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.【形容物，用for 】(2) 若形容詞表示人的性格、品質(zhì)與特點(diǎn)， good ,kind ,nice, wrong 等，用介詞 of。【形容人用 of】24.keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事keep sb. doing sth 讓某人一直做某事keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人

36、做某事keep up with 跟上keep away from避開(kāi)重點(diǎn)區(qū)分：1. so that 因此，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。表示前一句所表述的動(dòng)作的目或動(dòng)機(jī)（是一種可能性），而非事實(shí)。因此，在從句中常使用can/could/will/may/should 等詞。2. so that 如此 以至于，常用于結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示上文動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，常常不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。He studied hard so that he passed the exam他.努力學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果通過(guò)了考試。3. though 盡管但是，不能說(shuō)， though but。althoug

37、h 和 though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常采用省略形式。Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working. 雖然很疲勞，但他繼續(xù)工作。The problem, though complicated (=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty. though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以倒裝，而 although 從句則不能。Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.

38、雖然他們打得很勇敢，但還是沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)獲勝。Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我雖窮，但這東西還是買(mǎi)得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他雖是孩子，但干得很好。4. 連詞 until,till 用哪一個(gè)的關(guān)鍵在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌?(untill: 直到 .為止 )I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before 代替）否定句： (untill: 直到 .才)She didnt

39、arrive until 6 oclock.她直到 6 點(diǎn)才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車(chē)停穩(wěn)后再下車(chē)。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。until 用于否定句中，表示句子的動(dòng)作直到 until 短語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間才開(kāi)始發(fā)生，即表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)。一般直到 才until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。5.should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示勸告、建議，應(yīng)該，和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變