Book1_U2_語(yǔ)法

1、定語(yǔ)從句（二）一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1. 可代替when, where, why, that等關(guān)系詞 e.g. There is no reason for which (why) we shouldnt be friends.2. 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a piano.3. that前不能有介詞。4. 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以跟關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。e.g. This is the house in which I lived two years

2、ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?二、關(guān)系副詞的用法：關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which代替where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is the house where I was born.可用i

3、n which代替why原因原因狀語(yǔ)I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which代替（一）基本用法關(guān)系副詞起連接主句和從句的作用，又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，when, where和why分別表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和原因。1. when 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。 e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others. =April the first is the

4、day on which people make fun of others.2. where 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。?？捎蒳n which, on which, at which, on which等取代。 e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago. =This is the house in which he lived two years ago.3. why why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)?？捎胒or which代替。why不可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)可用for which代替。 e.g. This is the reason

5、 why he went away. =This is the reason for which he went away.（二）關(guān)系副詞常可用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)改寫這里的關(guān)系代詞只限于which和whom，例如 I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This i

6、s the house where I lived two years ago. We dont know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We dont know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)都可用關(guān)系副詞替代。例如：I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 這里in which 代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)作表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能相應(yīng)地用wh

7、en, where和why代替。（三）如何判斷是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞這本質(zhì)上取決于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。前者充?dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，后者充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。試比較下面兩組句子： This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中劃線部分在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故而應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞：The factory produces radios. 而第二句中劃線部分在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)故而應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞：Radios are produced in the

8、factory. Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?Do you remember the days when we worked together?第一句中關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)：We spent the days together. 而第二句中關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：We worked together during the days. （四）一些需要特殊記憶的關(guān)系詞的用法1. I dont like the way in which he look at people. 當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，除了in which，還可以用tha

9、t來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。that還經(jīng)常省略。又如： Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg.2. Finally came the day when he had to leave his hometown. 當(dāng)先行詞為time, moment, day等，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句也可以用that引導(dǎo)，that也常省略。又如： It was the first time (that) we had stayed up so late. The moment (that/when) he sent the

10、mail, John realized what a mistake he had made. She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when) I was at university.三、關(guān)系副詞的省略：1. the time, every time, each time, the moment等后的關(guān)系副詞可以省略。 e.g. By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousan

11、d English words.2. 在某些表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后，關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可以省略。如the place等。 e.g. This is the place (where) I saw him last time.3. 先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略。 e.g. The reason (why) he came here is quite clear.4. 當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。 e.g. I know the way (that) he learns English.四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的方法： 1. 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

12、。及物動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。 判斷下列句子的對(duì)錯(cuò) （×） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （×） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in t

13、he countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。2. 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也就能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A

14、例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum 詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系

15、詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)) 。五、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)拓展（一）選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞把下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1. His father died in the year _ he was born.2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago.3. Do you remember the day _ yo

16、u joined our club?4. Recently I bought a beautiful vase _ price was quite reasonable.5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help.6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot remember.7. I will never forget the day _ we first met.8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for?9. I

17、s that the reason _ he gave for his terrible behavior?10. The kind girl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss.（二）用定語(yǔ)從句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in these places. Its warm and wet all year round in these places. _2. Shall we go shopping this weekend? Ill have finished al

18、l my work by then. _3. Sandy is not a very popular singer, because of his strange way. He dances in a strange way. _4. Is there any reason? They dont agree with each other on anything. _5. How can I forget that birthday? I was caught cheating on that day. _（三）單項(xiàng)填空1. Do you know the reason Tom didnt

19、come yesterday?A. which B. why C. who D. that2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when3. Is this the reason she gave for not finishing her homework yesterday?A. why B. for which C. that D. to which4. After the war

20、, a new school was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. which C. when D. where5. Do you know the reason _ she got so angry yesterday?A. why B. that C. which D. whom6. Do you believe the reason _ he gave for his being late?A. why B. for which C. which D. it7. He has got himself into a da

21、ngerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. when8. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A. which B. / C. of which D. by which9. The old man told us _ the days _ he was poor were gone.A. that, when B. what, when C. when, that D. something, that10. I

22、 shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.  A. when; which      B. that; which      C. which; that    D. when; that11. I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big string

23、 onto one of the trees.   A. which         B. when            C. where            D .that12. Let's put off the picnic until ne

24、xt week, _ the weather may be better.   A. as            B. then                C. if            

25、60;       D. when13. We are living in an age many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when14.  Winter is the time of year _ the days are short and nights are long. 

26、;   A. that     B. which     C. when     D. whose 15. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city?   A. w

27、hich     B. whose     C. what     D. who  16. Can you suggest a time _ we can meet?     A. which     B. when&#

28、160;     C. where      D. how  17. These days _ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.     A. that       B. when&

29、#160;         C. on which       D. at which  18. Nearly all the food _ comes from animals and plants.    A. that eat

30、0;     B. is eaten      C. we eat         D. that eats  19. This is _ I can do for you right now.  A. which

31、60;    B. that     C. what     D. as  20. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 

32、; A. what     B. which     C. that      D. where21. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister.  A. who  &

33、#160;  B. whom     C. which     D. that  22. Egypt is a country _ is famous for its pyramids.A. where     B. which    &#

34、160; C. in which     D. at which  23. China is the country _ he spent the best part of his life.  A. where     B. which    &#

35、160;C. in that      D. at which  24. Have you got anything _ belongs to me? A. which     B. that     C. of which    

36、; D. what 25. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which26. I didnt like the way _ she treated children.  A. which     B. that     C. 

37、;how     D. as  27. He is the only one of the three _ got the new idea.A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 28. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A. in whichB. in that C. in whose D. whose29. Alec asked the policema

38、n _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him  B. who  C. with whom    D. whom  30. It was at our college library _ I borrowed the novel.  A. which     B.

39、0;in which     C. that     D. where （四）改錯(cuò)1. Is this the museum the one the exhibition was held?2. Who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.3. That is not the hospital that I stayed last time.4. I am looking forward to

40、 the day which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a person once told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake happened in Sichuan.7. He is one of the students who is never late.（五）真題回顧1. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山東)A. whoB. whichC.

41、 whyD. when2. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西) A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which3. All the neighbors admire the family _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽)A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that4

42、. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津) A. when B. whose C. which D. where5. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007陜西)A. which B. as C. why D. where6. Where did you ge

43、t to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. ( 2007山東)A. that B. there C. which D. where7. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she heeded to decision what to do. (2007江西) A. that B. what C. which D. where8. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建)A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where9. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005上