無(wú)人機(jī)的中英文對(duì)照(共3頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an  without a human  onboard. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the  of a , or  

2、;(in military UAVs called a  on UCAVs) on the ground or in another vehicle.無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī),俗稱無(wú)人機(jī),即無(wú)需駕駛員在機(jī)內(nèi)駕駛的飛機(jī)。其飛行時(shí)接受的并不是機(jī)內(nèi)電腦的自動(dòng)控制，也不是導(dǎo)航員的遠(yuǎn)程控制，更不是來(lái)自地面或另一飛機(jī)上無(wú)人作戰(zhàn)機(jī)指揮官的控制.There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely pilo

3、ted , but autonomous control is increasingly being employed. 無(wú)人機(jī)種類繁多,在外形、大小、結(jié)構(gòu)和性能上各有千秋。過(guò)去無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)只是簡(jiǎn)單的遠(yuǎn)程人工駕駛飛機(jī)，而現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的的無(wú)人機(jī)都采用了自動(dòng)控制駕駛。Their largest use is within  applications. UAVs are also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as  or nonmilitary secu

4、rity work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft. 無(wú)人機(jī)最廣泛地運(yùn)用于軍事領(lǐng)域，在民用領(lǐng)域，如消防事業(yè)或管道監(jiān)控這樣的非軍事保障工作中也占有小額比重，并有所增長(zhǎng)。對(duì)載人飛機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，那些“無(wú)聊、骯臟或危險(xiǎn)的”任務(wù)，就可以利用無(wú)人機(jī)來(lái)執(zhí)行。HistoryThe earliest attempt at a powered unmanned ae

5、rial vehicle was 's "" of 1916.  described a fleet of unmanned aerial combat vehicles in 1915. A number of  airplane advances followed, including the , during and after , including the first scale RPV (Remote Piloted Vehicle), developed by the fi

6、lm star and  enthusiast  in 1935. More were made in the technology rush during  these were used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack missions.  were applied after World War II, in such types as the   of 1951, while companies like 

7、; also got in the game with their  for the  in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the . 機(jī)動(dòng)無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)最早的開發(fā)在1916年 A.M 羅的“空中目標(biāo)”里。尼古拉·泰斯拉曾于1915年提出建造無(wú)人駕駛作戰(zhàn)機(jī)隊(duì)的構(gòu)想。隨之而來(lái)的是一系列遠(yuǎn)程控制飛機(jī)的進(jìn)步，如休伊特·斯佩里開發(fā)的自動(dòng)化飛機(jī)；在一戰(zhàn)期間及其結(jié)束后， 還有由電

8、影演員、飛機(jī)模型愛(ài)好者雷金納德丹尼于1935年研發(fā)的第一架遠(yuǎn)程人工駕駛飛機(jī)。二戰(zhàn)期間，科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛的發(fā)展使無(wú)人機(jī)有了更多的進(jìn)步，無(wú)人機(jī)不僅用于訓(xùn)練防空炮手，還用于空中攻擊訓(xùn)練。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，無(wú)人機(jī)增添了噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)這一配置，這樣配置的飛機(jī)有泰勒雷恩公司1951年研發(fā)的AGM-34火蜂，還有山毛櫸飛機(jī)公司于1955年為美國(guó)海軍艦隊(duì)研發(fā)的1001。The birth of U.S. UAVs (called RPVs at the time) began in 1959 when  (USAF) officers, concerned about losing  

9、;over hostile territory, began planning for the use of  flights.  This plan became intensified when  and his "secret"  were shot down over the  in 1960. Within days, the highly  UAV program was launched under the code name of "Red Wago

10、n."  The August 2 and August 4, 1964, clash in the  between naval units of the U.S. and North Vietnamese Navy initiated America's highly classified UAVs into their first combat missions of the .  When the "Red Chinese" showed photographs of downed U.S

11、. UAVs via Wide World Photos, the official U.S. response was, "no comment."美國(guó)無(wú)人機(jī)（當(dāng)時(shí)稱為遠(yuǎn)程控制飛機(jī)）的誕生始于1959，這是由于美國(guó)空軍指揮官在考慮到反恐行動(dòng)中的飛行員損傷后，決心使用無(wú)人飛行機(jī)。1960年在弗蘭西斯加里鮑爾斯的U-2 隱形戰(zhàn)機(jī)蘇聯(lián)擊落事件后，這一計(jì)劃的開展得以加速。數(shù)日之內(nèi)，高度機(jī)密的無(wú)人機(jī)項(xiàng)目便以“紅色小馬車”為代號(hào)開始運(yùn)行了。1964年8月2號(hào)及8月4號(hào)，在東京灣爆發(fā)的美國(guó)海軍部門與越南北方海軍的沖突事件，即標(biāo)志著美國(guó)高度機(jī)密的無(wú)人機(jī)項(xiàng)目第一次在越戰(zhàn)

12、中執(zhí)行軍事任務(wù)。而在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在“世界照片博覽”中展示美國(guó)無(wú)人機(jī)的照片后，美國(guó)空軍方面的回復(fù)卻是，“無(wú)可奉告”。Only on February 26, 1973, during testimony before the , did the U.S. military officially confirm that they had been utilizing UAVs in  (Vietnam). While over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were either missi

13、ng in action (), or captured (prisoners of war/); the USAF  had flown approximately 3,435 UAV missions during the war, at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF  , Commander,  in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don&#

14、39;t want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit."  Later that same year, General , Commander in Chief, , stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying . the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them . they save lives!"  直到1

15、973年2月26日,美國(guó)軍方才在美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)撥款宣言中正式承認(rèn)對(duì)東南亞(越南)使用無(wú)人機(jī)。而在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，超過(guò)5000名飛行員被無(wú)情殺害，有一千多名飛行員或是失蹤，或是被俘；美國(guó)空軍偵查戰(zhàn)略共派遣了約3435架無(wú)人機(jī)參與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，由于各種原因，有554架無(wú)人機(jī)丟失?？哲娚蠈讨?S.布朗，也是1972年空軍系統(tǒng)司令部的指揮官曾說(shuō)：“我們需要無(wú)人機(jī)的唯一原因是因?yàn)槲覀儾幌朐趹?zhàn)場(chǎng)上有不必要的損傷?！焙髞?lái)，也是在那一年，約翰C. 邁耶上將，美國(guó)空軍戰(zhàn)略司令部首席指揮官也發(fā)表聲明： “我們讓無(wú)人機(jī)去執(zhí)行那些高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的飛行任務(wù)盡管它們的損傷率很高，但我們寧愿冒這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因?yàn)樗鼈冋鹊氖巧　盌uring the 19

16、73 , Syrian missile batteries in Lebanon caused heavy damage to Israeli . As a result, Israel developed the first modern UAV. Israel pioneered the use of UAVs for real-time surveillance, electronic warfare and decoys. The images and radar decoying provided by these UAVs helped Israel to co

17、mpletely neutralize the Syrian  at the start of the , resulting in no pilots downed. 1973年贖罪日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，敘利亞在黎巴嫩所發(fā)射的導(dǎo)彈令以色列噴氣式戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷。因此，以色列開發(fā)了世界上第一臺(tái)現(xiàn)代化無(wú)人飛行機(jī)。以色列首創(chuàng)以無(wú)人機(jī)擔(dān)任實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控任務(wù)，開創(chuàng)電子戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及電子誘餌的先河。這些無(wú)人機(jī)提供的影響及雷達(dá)誘餌使得敘利亞空軍在1982年黎巴嫩戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的作用大打折扣，并且無(wú)一名以色列飛行員發(fā)生墜機(jī)事件。With the maturing and miniaturization

18、of applicable technologies as seen in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. In the 90s the U.S. Department of Defense began to buy UAVs from Israel. The Navy bought the Pioneer UAV, which is still in use. Many of these Israeli and newly developed U.S. UAVs were us