牛津英語被動語態(tài)講解及相關(guān)練習(xí)(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上前復(fù)習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1I_ (see) Tom last Friday.2_you_ (go) to the Great Wall last summer?3-Where_ you_ (put) your pen?-I_ (put) it in my pencil-box, but it's nowhere to be found.4 When_ you_ (start) to live in China?5- The train_ (leave) already.- When_ the train_ (leave)?6. Suzhou_ (cha

2、nge) a lot in the past years.7._ you ever_ (be) to Hangzhou?8. I_ (have) my sister's letter for two days.9. His parents (get) married twenty years ago.10. Let's_ (meet) at the school gate tomorrow morning.11. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao_ (hurry) off to look after the man.1

3、2. Jim_ (make) many friends since he_ (come) to China.13. They_ (know) each other for about ten years.14. He already_ (write)a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise15.- When_ she_ (leave)? - Two hours ago.英語中的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：They buil

4、t a new bridge over the river. (主動) A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被動) Many people speak English. (主動) English is spoken by many people. (被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成”，即“bep.p.”，其中助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)的基本用法當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動

5、語態(tài)由助動詞be過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過動詞be表現(xiàn)出來。什么時候使用被動語態(tài)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Some windows were broken last night. This book was published (出版) in 2005. 注意：第句This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。只強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in China.English i

6、s learned all over the world.注意：不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，如：appear, happen, take place等。主動改為被動語態(tài)的例子：主動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)為主、謂、賓。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are washed every day by his brother.主(執(zhí)行者) 謂 賓(承受者) 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.He must look af

7、ter the little boy. The little boy must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show. A charity show is being watched by the students.被動語態(tài) 1 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：am is are done. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： Paper _(make) in this factory 2一般過去時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：was were done. 一般過去時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： This cup _( use)for drinking nin

8、e years ago 3 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：can may must should be done. 4 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： The playground can may must _(clean) after school 4一般將來時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to will be done。 一般將來時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： 結(jié)構(gòu) 。 A new bridge _( build) over the river here next year 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：be being done. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： A teaching building _(build) in ou

9、r school now. 6現(xiàn)在完成時的被動結(jié)構(gòu) havehas been done. Thousands of trees _ _(plant) on the hills since last year 有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的幾個問題 1 雙賓語的被動語態(tài) show ,pass, give sb.sth.=show, pass .give sth. to sb. buy, get, sing sb. sth.=buy, get, sing sth. for sb. My uncle gave me a new dictionary yesterday _ _/_ _. 2復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài) mak

10、e/see/hear/watch sb. do sth. =sb. be made/seen/heard/watched to do sth. The boss made her work for sixteen hours a day _. 3短語動詞的被動語態(tài) We should take care of the old people very well _. 4 特殊疑問句的被動語態(tài) Who broke my cup ？ _. (四） 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+ be+ 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 (1)You must hand in your c

11、ompositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五) 被 動 語 態(tài) 的 使 用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by 短語。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或強調(diào)動作

12、的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in + 名詞作狀語，而代替 by 短語。 These cars were made in China.(六)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主語 謂語 賓語 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主語 謂語

13、賓語（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in + 地點名詞作狀語。(七)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原

14、句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正確)A new computer have been bought. (錯誤)2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如

15、上句還可以說： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find

16、, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+ 介詞，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, th

17、ink of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物動詞+ 副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down.The sp

18、orts meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說

19、不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to 的問題。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： Nobody can answer this question.誤：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 當(dāng)否定

20、句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： They haven't done anything to make the river clean.誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote

21、 the story?誤：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?8. 有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對比：The books sell well. (主

22、動句)The books were sold out. (被動句)The meat didnt cook well. (主動句)The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動句)9. 下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.誤：The

23、food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book.誤：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.誤：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及

24、物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building.誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤：

25、The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如： I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.10. 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)

26、構(gòu)來表示，例如： 據(jù)說 It is said that 據(jù)報導(dǎo) It is reported that 據(jù)推測 It is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 眾所周知 It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that 有人建議 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric l

27、amp.練習(xí)：( ) 1. English _ in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 2. This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 3. This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 4. New computers _ all o

28、ver the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 5. Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 6. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 7. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are

29、 needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 8. Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 9. These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 10. The sports meeting _ be held until next week.A.

30、didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't( ) 11. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. DoesB. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 12. _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 13. Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn'

31、;t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held( ) 14. Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 15. Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. Am二、典型例題 （ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of en

32、joyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _

33、as "People's Writer". A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_, peo