虛擬語氣學生版doc(DOC)

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣概述虛擬語氣(The Subjunctive Mood )表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是 一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)等。虛擬語氣要用特定的動詞形式。Period 1一、虛擬語氣在 條件從句 的用法1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞的形式條件從句主句動詞過去式(be用were)would(should, could, might)+ 動詞原形We(go) with you if we(have) time.We(ask) him if he(be) here.If I(know) his teleph one nu mber, I(ring) him up.2

2、 表示與過去事實 相反，謂語動詞的形式條件從句主句had+過去分詞would(should, could, might)+have+ 動詞的過去分詞If he(see) you yesterday, he(ask) you about it.If you(come) earlier, you(meet)him.I(call) you if I(know) your telepho ne nu mber.3 表示與將來事實 相反，謂語動詞的形式條件從句主句動詞過去式或should+動詞原形 或were to+動詞原形would(should, could, might)+ 動詞原形If it(r

3、ain), the crops(save).If it(snow) tomorrow, they would not go out.錯綜時間條件句/混合虛擬條件句有時虛擬條件句中的主句和從句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整.If you(speak) to him last time you saw him, you(know) what to do now.三、含蓄條件句指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。這類隱含式虛 擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導的條件句。表示含蓄虛擬條件的方法有：(1) 介詞或介詞短語，如

4、but for, without等。But for the leadership of the party, we could not be livi ng a happy life today.=Ifthe leadership of the party, we could not be livi ng a happy life today.(2) 連詞，如： or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐),but that 等He was take n to hospital at on ce, otherwis

5、e he(die).They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they would never have been able to afford to go. 注：lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，should可省略，但也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣。The foreig n teacher spoke slowly in case we misun derstood him.Care must be take n in using this method lest

6、overflow should occur.四、虛擬條件句中的倒裝若虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should時，可以省略if,把were, had, should提到主語前, 用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果你早點通知我的話，我就不會去機場接你了。如果我有時間，我就跟你去購物。Period 2Step1 Revisio n1. 虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定1) The volleyball match will be put off if it .A. will rainB. rai nsC. rained D. is rained2) Would you have called her up poss

7、ible?Yes, but I busy doing my homework.A. had it bee n; wasB. if it was; wereC. if it had bee n; had bee nD. if it were; would be2. 條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法3) If I you, I more attention to English idioms.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. were; would payD. would be; would pay4) If I had seen the whole accident,

8、 I you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have toldto you.B. have writte n5) I lost your address, otherwise IA. had writte nC. would have writte nD. should write6) He has got athere by Friday.A. Would he leaveticket for tomorrow.today, he would getC. Were he to leaveB.

9、 Was he leav ingD. If he leaves7) I am sorry I spe nt so much mon ey, Dad.I wish you so any more.A. wouldn 'do B. don 'do C. hadn'tdoneD. haven'done8) It is suggested that all the people those in trouble a helping hand.A. offer B. will offer C. offered D. would offer9) The order came

10、 that the medical supplies to the village soon.A. would be sent .B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent10) Let 'finish our homework in a few sec on ds; it ' time we.A. played football B. will play footballC. play footballD. are play ing footballStep2名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣的用法：一.虛擬語氣在 賓語從句 中的使用l. wish

11、 +賓語從句1) I wish I were a bird.2) I wish I hadn 'made such a mistake.Ex. a) I wish shethere with us now.現(xiàn)在:過去:將來:b) I wish shec) I wish shethere with us tomorrow. there with us yesterday.A. goes B. wentC. had gone D. would go3) We wish our parents wouldn 'tpunish us.92. would rather ( that )1

12、) I would rather you paid me now.現(xiàn)在:2) I would rather you had not told her the news.過去:3) Don 'tcome. I would rather you came tomorrow. 將來:Ex.he come to see you?-Of course, please. And I'd rather heme the truth.A. Will; informB. Shall; toldC. Should; will say D. Can; spoke3. 表示要求,命令，建議等動詞后的賓

13、語從句一個堅持:兩個命令:三個建議:四個要求:這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法.即從句中的動詞使 用.汪意：insist:suggest:Ex. a) The leader insisted that the plan out.b) The leader in sisted that the pla n reas on able and we carry it out.A. should carry B. be carried C. be D. wasc) Her pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested t

14、hat shea medical exam in atio n.A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. were; was.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的使用：基本句型：1. It is suggested/ ordered/ proposed/ required/ dema nded/ requested/ i nsisted+ that+ 2. It is importa nt/ n ecessary/ n atural/ desirable/ stra nge/ advisable+ that + 3. It is a pity/ a

15、shame/ no won der+ that +Ex. a) It is importa nt for you to master a foreig n Ian guage.It is importa nt that youa foreig n Ian guage.b) It is ordered that no smoking allowed in the reading room.A. is B. would be C. are D. be三虛擬語氣在 表語從句中的使用：主句主語是 ：suggestion/ proposal/ idea/ plan/ order/ advice 等名詞后

16、面的表語從句 中要用虛擬語氣，即Ex. a)他的建議是我們立即完成這項工作His advice is that the work at once.b) My suggesti on for you is to make an apology.My suggestion is that you to him.c) The proposal was that the sports meeti ngoff un til n ext week.A. to put B. should put C. be putt ing D. be put四.虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的使用：suggestion/ pro

17、posal/ idea/ plan/ order/ advice/ recommendation/ request 等名詞后面 的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即What do you think of my idea (我們?yōu)檫\動會做好準備)Step3狀語從句中的虛擬語氣的用法：在as if / as though引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用倒退一個時間段的方式來表達虛擬 語氣.a) The man speaks as if he a foreigner.b) They talked as if they good friends for years.注：as if / as though從句

18、中不一定都要用虛擬語氣.如果情況真實性可能性很大，就要用陳述語氣.c)It looks as if (天看起來就要下雨 .)Step4幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣的用法.一.定語從句中的虛擬語氣的用法：1. 你該走了 .(1) It' high time that you we nt. 結(jié)構(gòu):(2) It' high time that you should go.結(jié)構(gòu):2. 我們該好好努力了 .二.th ink / want / hope/ expect/ pla n/ mea n/ intend 等動詞用過去完成時表示"原來希望做到而實際上未能實現(xiàn)的事”.其后的賓語從

19、句謂語用“would+動詞原形”.1. Ito help her, but I was too busy at that time.2. I that she go to the USA and study there, but she said sheliked to study in Ch ina.虛擬語氣練習1. If I had had eno ugh time, Imy work.A. would finishB. must have fini shedC. would have fini shedD. had fini shed2. Ten minu tes earlier, th

20、eythe pla ne.A. will catchB would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught3. If he had studied hard, hea college stude nt now.A. would beB. could beC. had bee nD. were4. If there were no water in the world, everythi ng.A.will dieB. would dieC. would have diedD. would have bee n dead5.what was go

21、ing to happe n, 1 would n ever have left her alone.A.If I had knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known6.,I would have take n a taxi.A. In your roomB. In your shoesC. In your houseD. If I had been7, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.A. mean to come B. meant to come C. had meant to come D. mea

22、nt coming8. If you had spoke n clearly, you would.A. un dersta nd it B. have un derstood C .be un derstood D. have bee n un derstood9f youthat late movie last night, you wouldn' t be so sleepy.A. haven ' t watchedB. hadn ' t watcheoC. didn ' t watcD. wouldn ' t have watched B10.

23、- If he, hethat food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warn ed; would not takeB. would be warn ed; had not take nC. had bee n warn ed; would not have take nD. would have bee n warn ed; had not take n11. to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the match.A. It wereB. If were itC. Were

24、itD. Should it12. Yoube a fool to refuse to follow his advice.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. could13. for the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibiti on.A. If it had bee n B. Had it bee n C. It had not bee nD. Had it n ot bee n14. Ithe meeti ng, but I have bee n too busy.A. will not atte nd B. woul

25、d have atte ndedC. would atte nd D. had atte nded15. Should I happe n to see him at school, Itell him to come back at once.A. canB. couldC. willD. would16. the Communist Party, New China couldn 'have been founded in 1949.A. WithoutB. WithC. ButD. For17. Sheto tow n yesterday, otherwise I should

26、have met her at her home.A. had goneB. would goC. wentD. should go18. The young man in sisted that henothing wrong andfree.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set19. My suggestio n was that the meet ingoff still next week.A. be put B. to putC. should put D. be p

27、utt ing20. The order came that the medical suppliesto the village soon.A. would be sent B. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent21. It is n ecessary that the problemat on ce.A. solvesB. should solveC. should be solved D. will be solve22. Let ' s finish our homework in a few sec on ds; it' s t

28、ime we.A. played footballB. will play footballC. play footballD. are play ing football23. it had sno wed, we would have had a very pleasa nt jour ney.A. IfB. But forC. WithoutD. But that24. I did n 'see your sister at the meet in g. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC.

29、cameD. had come25. -What is his suggesti on?-The roadat once.A. can be repaired B. should be repaired C. must be repaired D. may be repaired26. Where is my dictio nary? Iit.A. might loseB. must have lost C. should have lost D. would have lost27. -I slept outside all the ni ght because I lost the key

30、 to my bedroom.-Oh, did you? Youwith Joh n in the factory.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed28. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps Iit out for her.A. had to writeB. must have writte nC. should have writte nD. ought to write29. There was a lot of fun at yesterda

31、y 'party. Youcome, but why didn 'you?A. must haveB. shouldC. n eed haveD. ought to have30. Sorry, I'm late. Ihave turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep aga in.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will31. I would not have succeededyour help.A. but forB. exceptC. but thatD. with32. If on

32、ly Iable to speak to her before she died.D. must have bee nA. wasB. wereC. had bee n33. I'm surprised that herefuse to see me.A. shouldB. shallC. mayD. must34. My mother would rather weeach other any more.A. won 'seeB. didn 'seeC. shan'tseeD. mustn'35. How I wished Ithe an swer a

33、t that time.A. knewB. had knownC. would knowD. would have knownA. mayB. canC. shouldD. mustD. has bee n to36. It is really surpris ing that the girlmarry so early.37. He talked about Beiji ng as if heBeiji ng.A. went toB. has gone toC. had bee n to38. -I'm sorry, sir.-Youcome here five minutes earlier. Don 'be late next time.A. should have B. could haveC. would haveD. might have39. Liu Hula n would rathertha n.A. died, surre nderedB. died, surre nderC. die, surre nderedD. die, surre nder40. Nothi ng could have saved him even if hewithout delay.A. had been tended B. must have been te