初中英語動詞不定式用法梳理

1、初中英語動詞不定式用法梳理動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動詞不定式不帶to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。現(xiàn)對九年級動詞不定式的用法作一次簡要梳理。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1.As

2、 young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8)2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club

3、. (p.7)2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2)He prefers

4、 to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)3.動詞feel, find, make,

5、think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1)Then I started

6、 to watch English-language TV.(p.6)2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)begin用了進(jìn)行時態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118) 感知動詞like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。5.后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。sto

7、p to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121) 3.賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動名詞等充當(dāng)。如：He is doing his homework.(

8、名詞) They did nothing this morning.(代詞)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(動名詞)【注意】有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(間賓直賓) 直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to

9、Li Hai.(直賓間賓) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓間賓)有的動詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。這類動詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動詞有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的動詞后接不定式與動名詞含義不同。a)for

10、get to do表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動作”。如： Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)b)stop to do(不定式為狀語)表示“停下 原來的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來與他談話。) The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進(jìn)來

11、時學(xué)生們停止談話。)4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：What a beautiful kite it is！(形容詞) She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)There are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)詞)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。 5.狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，

12、一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副詞)I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如： He is old enough to go to school. 6.表語：用于說明主語的

13、身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：They are workers.(名詞)Two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)The story is very interesting.(形容詞)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動名詞) She is at home.(介詞短語) I feel terrible.(形容詞)The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞