非謂語動詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、非謂語動詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換-Wayne Lee ok一.不定式(短語與從句的關(guān)系1.不定式(短語再句中作主語,其功能相當(dāng)于一個主語從句,因此二者之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。(1.To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That Im able to help you(2.He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.(3.Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided

2、to attack North Korea.2.不定式(短語再句中作賓語或賓補,相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句(1.We still dont know when and where to build a school.(賓語(=when and where we should build a school(2.I advised him to go and see the doctor.(賓補(=that he should go and see(3.He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(賓語(=That he hadnt invit

3、ed her.3不定式(短語再句中作表語.,相當(dāng)于一個表語從句(1.My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave(2.My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding4.不定式(短語再句中作定語.,相當(dāng)于一個定語從句(1.The question will be discussed at the conference shor

4、tly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing(2.All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up5.不定式(短語再句中作目的.結(jié)果狀語.,相當(dāng)于一個目的.結(jié)果狀語從句(1.He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that(2.The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited t

5、hat she couldnt7.不定式(短語再句中作原因狀語.,相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句(1I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss(2.We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game二.動名詞(短語與從句的關(guān)系1. 動名詞(短語再句中作主語,相當(dāng)于一個主語從句(1.Your going away (=That you went away mad

6、e the professor angry.(2.Marys not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor made us sad.被動的動名詞在句中作主語時一般不能省(3.Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool hurt Bob badly.2. 動名詞(短語再句中作賓語或賓補語,相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句(1.I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing when I was five.(2.He a

7、dmitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier.3.動名詞(短語在句中作表語.,相當(dāng)于一個表語從句(1.My duty is serving the people heart and soul (that Ill serve the people heart and soul.(2.The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam(=that he hasnt prepared his lessons fo

8、r the exam(3.The difficulty is Marys being caught b etween the two trees(=that Mary is caught between the two trees.4.介詞+動名詞(短語,相當(dāng)于一個從句(1He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was(2.He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you(3.We heard the news of our team having won.(

9、=that our team had won三.分詞(短語與從句的關(guān)系1.分詞(短語作定語,相當(dāng)于一個定語從句(1The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931.(2.Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there?(3.The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day has gone to Japan.2.分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu),相

10、當(dāng)于一個狀語從句,其中伴隨狀語多與并列句轉(zhuǎn)換(1Weather permitting(=If weather permits, well have the match tomorrow.(2.The dark clouds having disappeared(=When the dark clouds had disappeared, the sun shone again.(3.The monitor being ill(=As the monitor was ill wed better put the meting off.(4.Other things being equal(=If

11、 other things are equal, Id buy the black dress.(5.Given more time(=If we were given more time, we could have done it better.(6.He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back.3.分詞短語,相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句(1On arriving(=As soon as I arrive there, Ill telephone you.(時間(2.(Whilewaiting(=W

12、hile I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.(時間(3.Educated(=As he was educated by the party, he became a great fighter.(原因(4.Not having received(=Because I hadnt received an answer, I wrote to him again.(原因(5.(If given(=If we had been given enough time, e could have done it better.(條件(6.(T

13、hough having made(=Though he had made great achievements, he didnt pride.(讓步 4.分詞短語作狀語,可表伴隨,結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于and 的并列句,也可和with 轉(zhuǎn)換(1He died, leaving his daughter much money. (=with,(=and left(2.The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and

14、we followed him 5.分詞短語在句中作賓語或賓語補足語,相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句(1He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.(2.I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion四.特殊轉(zhuǎn)換1. 動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于從句(1Sophias having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them didnt surprised us.(2.I cant bear his (him staying up so late(=that he stays up so late.(3.We encourage student s living in the school(=that students live in the school.(4.What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a pi