名詞的用法及歸納

1、名詞的用法及歸納名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞。一、名詞的分類類別用法例詞表示一類人、或東西、或一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞可 數(shù) 名個(gè)體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體pen, student, desk, book, bike普 通 名詞集體名詞表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體family, class, people, school詞不 可 數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物air, water, paper名詞抽象名詞表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念work, time, news專 有 名表示某個(gè)（些）人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱翻譯： 長(zhǎng)城；詞（注意：這類詞的中心詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫）湯姆；中

2、國(guó)二、名詞的數(shù)1. 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：變形規(guī)則寫出以下詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、一般情況下，在詞尾加sbook2、 ch, sh, s, x +eswatch,box3、 o+ es（動(dòng)植物）tomato ,potatoo+ s（非動(dòng)植物）photo,radio4、元音字母 （ a,e, i,o, u）+ y + sboy ; holiday; monkey（輔音字母）+y . iesstudy;technology 5、 f, fe veswife .;leaf6、雙重復(fù)數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： a woman nurse變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： a man doctor國(guó)民的復(fù)數(shù)形式：國(guó)別復(fù)數(shù)形

3、式Chinese / Japanese（中日）Englishm an / Frenchman/（英法）American/Australian/German,/（其他）etc.2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，若表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞 + of +不可數(shù)名詞” ?！纠}】 翻譯以下詞組：兩杯水：；兩條新聞：；兩張紙：；幾片面包：；兩袋大米：；3. 有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義fruit水果fruitsfood食物foodsfish魚fishesdrink飲料、酒a drinkcloth布a clothsan

4、d沙sandschicken雞肉aorange橘汁anchickenorangeglass玻璃glassespaper紙a paperwood木頭woodsroom空間a room4.數(shù)量的表示：a few一點(diǎn)蘋果：（肯定）修飾可數(shù)名詞few( 幾乎沒(méi)有 ) 一點(diǎn)蘋果：（否定）many許多人：a (great) number大量學(xué)生：ofa little一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)面包：（肯定）little( 幾乎沒(méi)有）一點(diǎn)面包：（否定）修飾不可數(shù)名詞much許多大米：(large)amounts大量的水資源：ofa great deal of許多錢：a lot of= lots既修飾可數(shù)名詞許多羊：of又修飾不可

5、數(shù)名詞（只用于肯定）plenty of大量的信息：some一些故事：any一些錯(cuò)誤：enough足夠的食物：三、名詞的所有格1. 有生命的名詞所有格，以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國(guó)家等的名詞所有格： 不是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加 s。【例題】：麥克的手表： 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，只加?！纠}】：老師們的辦公室：； 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s。【例題】：湯姆和麥克的房間：;杰克和瑪麗的姐姐： 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加s。【例題】：瑪麗的自行車和湯姆的自行車：湯姆的姐姐和麥克的姐姐： 在表示“店鋪、某某家、

6、診所”的名詞所有格后面，一般省去被修飾的名詞?！纠}】：在他弟弟家：；在醫(yī)生的診所里：在史密斯先生家：； 用所有格表示時(shí)間或距離的方法：【例題】：開(kāi)車十分鐘的路程：；一個(gè)月的假期：兩周的工作：;； 用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法。如：Teachers Day ； Children s Day注意：除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)（Mother s Day 、 Father s Day ），其他節(jié)日都用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格【例題】：婦女節(jié)：;兒童節(jié)：;2.無(wú)生命的事物的名詞所有格，常用of 結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠}】：一張中國(guó)地圖：；這個(gè)游戲的開(kāi)始這個(gè)房間的門：3.特殊形式：1） 可用s 和 of 短語(yǔ)表示的名詞所有格：【例題】：用

7、 of 短語(yǔ)表示： the boy s name=；表示。；Chinas population=2） 雙重所有格。【例題】：我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友：；湯姆的一張照片：練習(xí)選擇題 A：（數(shù)）1.In the picture there are many _ and two _.A. sheep, foxesB. sheeps, foxC. sheeps, foxesD. sheep, foxs2.In Britain, _ are all painted red.A. letter boxesB. letters boxesC. letter boxD lettersbox3. Please reme

8、mber to give the horse some tree _.A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD. leave4. Can we have some _ Yes, please.A. bananaB. oranges5.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. appleC. informationD. pearD. stories6. What would you like to have for lunch, sir I'd like _.A. chickenB. a chicken7.

9、Children should make _ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. chickensC. roomsD. the chicken D. the room8. Tables are made of _.A. woodB. some woods9. There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenGermensC. woodenC. Japanese, GermansD. woodsD.Japanese,10. A group

10、 of _ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. HungarianB. AustralianC. JapaneseAmerican11. There are sixty-seven _ in our school.A. women's teacherB. women teachersC. woman teachers12. There are five _ in our factory.A. woman driverB. women driverC. woman driversdriversD.D. women teacherD.women13. Wou

11、ld you like _ tea No, thanks. I have drunk two _.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of orangesD.few, bottle of oranges14.He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two piecesof breads15.Can you give me _A. a teaB. some

12、 cup of teaC. a cup teaD.a cupof tea16.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD.twopairs shoes17.What _ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a18.He gave us _ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice19.It really

13、 took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. long timeD.sometime20.She was very happy. Shein the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakesD.makesfew mistake選擇題 B：（所有格）1. March 8th is _ Day.A. Woman sB. WomensC. WomansD. Women2. Is the broom under _ desk

14、No, it's under _.A. the teacher's; myB. teacher's; mineteacher's; mineC. teacher's; meD.the3. Excuse me, where is the _A. men's roomB. mens' roomC. men's roomsD. men rooms4. The football under the bed is _.A. Lily and LucyB. Lily's and Lucy'sand Lucy'sC. L

15、ily's and LucyD.Lily5. His bag is nicer than _ in his class.A. any other studentB. the other studentsstudent s6.Joan is _.A. Mary's and Jack sisterC. Mary and Jack sisterC. any other studentsD.anyB. Mary and Jack's sisterD. Mary's and Jack's sister7. In a few _ time, those mounta

16、ins will be covered with trees.A. yearB. years'C. year'sD. years8. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_.A. thirty minutes's walkD. thirty minutes walk9.Please take two _.A. picture of the parkpicture of a park10. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Mary's mother'smo

17、thersB. thirty minute's walkB. pictures of the parkB. Mary's motherC. thirty minutes' walkC. the pictures of a parkC. mother's of MaryD.D.Mary附加題：1.We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park.A. many, manyB. much, muchC. many, muchmanyD.much,2. Computers can do _ work in a s

18、hort time, but a man cannot do _ by himself.A. great many; manyB. much; a great manyC. a great deal of; muchgreat manyD. many; a3. In her letter Aunt Mary told us many _ about her visit to Japan.A. newsB. storiesC. advicesD. idea4. Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-mail.A. some good informationsB. some g

19、ood informationC. good informationsinformation5. Can I help you, sir？D. a goodI d like to have 100 _. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paperB. pieces of paperC. paperspaperD.6. They want three _.A. loaf breadB. loaf of breadC. loaves breadbreadD.loavesof7. September 10th is _

20、 Day.A. the TeacherB. Teachers C. TeacherTeachersD.8. Those nice cars are those famous _.A. dancersB. dancers C. dancer sD. dancer9. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and JaneB. Marys and JanesMarys and Jane sC. Mary and JanesD.10. How far is it from your office to yo

21、ur flat It s about _.A. 20 minutes walkB. 20-minutes walkC. walk 20 minutesD.20minutes walk11. I m going to help _ with _English.A. a friend of Nancy, hersB. a friend of Nancys, herC.a friendof Nancys,hersD. a friend of Nancy, her12._ that pair of new _ expensiveA. Is, shoeB. Are, shoeC. Is shoesD. Are, shoes13._ leaving for Beijing t