新概念英語第3冊課文解析精品資料

1、新概念第三冊語法精粹第一章英語從句Subordi nati on英語從句主要有定語從句，狀語從句和名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語 從句）一定語從句1 . 定語從句：由關系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which; 關系副詞 when, where, why 引導。（下面十個句子請讀 5 遍并脫口譯出！）1. The death no tices tell us about people who have died duri ng the week.2. The man （whom） you spoke to just now is my friend.

2、3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.5. The knee is the joi nt where the thighb one meets the large bone of the lower leg.6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.7. It is no n eed telli ng us the reas on why you did

3、nt finish it in time.8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us En glish.10. I n the Sun day paper there are comics, which childre n enjoy.2.只能用 that 和 who 引導的定語從句A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one 做先行詞指物時B .先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時，后面常跟that 而不是 which.C

4、.先行詞前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等詞修飾時，引導詞只能用 that。D .當先行詞是 anyone, an ybody, every one, everybody, some one, somebody 時，后面要用 who或 whom ；All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的并非都是金子。3.as 引導定語從句as 引導的定語從句有兩種形式：A .引導限制性語從句。在此類定語從句中，as 常與主語中作為其先行詞的 such, the same 或 as 聯(lián)用構成，“uch. as”，

5、the same. as ”和 “s .as ”句型，可代替先行詞。例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我們希望得到他正在用的那種工具。B. as 弓 I 導非限制性定語從句時，作用與 which 相同，as 作為關系代詞代替整個主句。（這是語法考試的一個考點。）注意區(qū)別:as 引導的從句用于句首、句中或句后，而 which 引導的定語從句不能放在句首。例如： As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.據(jù)報道，一個外國代表團將訪問這個城市狀語從句超級作文聯(lián)接詞及詞組，全

6、部拿下！1原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason.2結果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result .3時間：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently,shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays .4條件：if, only if., on ce, uni es

7、s, in the eve nt （that）, in case （that）, provided that, on the conditi on that, etc.5讓步：though, although, even though（if）, no matter what / how / when whatever / however/ whe never .6目的：in order that, in order to, to,7比較：than, as . as, by comparison（相比較），by contrast （相對照）.三名詞性從句王牌要點：通常由 that 或疑問詞導出。

8、1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know. （主語從句）2. The attor ney told his clie nt that they had little cha nee of wi nning the case.（賓語從句）3. The problem is what well do n ext. （表語從句）4. We have no idea that he has come back.（同位語從句）同位語（Appositive ）:同位語是英語語法的重點內(nèi)容，也是各類考試中的一個考點，同時，在寫作中正確運用

9、同位語 可以使你的句型更加簡潔得體。新概念英語 第三冊第一課有這樣一個句子：When reports came into London zoo that awild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.（當倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南 45 英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時，這些報告并沒有受到重視。）在這里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London 就是同位語從句，它 本來應該放在 r

10、eports ”后面，這里卻被放在了謂語成分 came into Lon don zoo 的后面，目的是讓 句型顯得更為穩(wěn)重。I 簡單記憶：同位語從句，就是對某些名詞做講一步的解釋的句子。I was greatly shocked whe n I heard the n ews that his father died yesterday.（that 引導的句子解釋了 news 的內(nèi)容，注意：that 不做任何成分）We have to face the fact that the weather is un expectedly bad.（that 引導的句子解釋了 fact 的內(nèi)容）II

11、聯(lián)想記憶：能接同位詞從句的名詞有： belief（信仰） ， fact， idea， doubt， rumor（謠言） ， evidenee（證 據(jù)）,conclusi on （結論），suggesti on （建議）problem , order ,an swer, discovery （發(fā) 現(xiàn)）expla nati on（解釋）,principle（原則）,possibility（可能性）,truth , promise（承諾），report（報告）,statement（聲明）,kno wledge （知識）,op inion （觀點）,likelihood （可能性）大聲朗讀三遍，背下即

12、可。III .王牌要點：同位語一般由that引導， 但也可以用關系代詞 which, who, what和關系副詞when, where, why, how或 whether 引導。There arouse the questi on whether we could win the game.I have no idea howto expla in it.一些介詞詞組后面也能引導同位語從句。（非常經(jīng)典之功能句式, 不妨一試!）:on the assumption （在.前提下），on the ground （由于.原因），on the condition that （在.條件下），with

13、 the excepti on （有.例外）owing to the fact （由于.事實）;on the understanding （基于.理解）；The young lady promised to marry the old man on the con diti on that he bought her a那位年輕的女士答應嫁給那位老頭，條件是他給她買一幢別墅。IV .分隔式同位語從句為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕，有時同位語從句可以放到句子的末尾，（讀兩遍此定義，然后看倒句：）An idea came to him that he might write to her to as

14、k more information about the matter.I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie Titanic.V.同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別簡單記憶： 定語從句的引導詞 that 或 which 在句子中用作主語或賓語，而同位語從句的引導 詞 that只起連接主句和從句之作用，不用作任何成分。示例： rve got an answer that A is right. （ 同位語從句， that 不做成分）Ive got an answer that surp

15、risedme a lot.（定語從句，that 做定語從句的主語）VI .王牌重點：可以充當同位語的詞組或短語。1） 名詞短語。（使句型更為簡潔）Bill Cli nto n, the preside nt of America, came to Chi na to pay an official visit in 1998.Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chin eseliterature history.2） 動名詞詞組亦可用作同位語：別

16、忘了加逗號。（使句型更為流暢）rm crazy about the game, play ing baseball.可用于四六級和托福作文,villa.Going to con cert, that sounds a great idea.3） 不定式短語。（陌生只是掌握的開始）The problem what to do n ext rema ins un solved.Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.4）形容詞詞組。（有逗號隔開）All the workers, young or old, sho

17、uld be treated equally.Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opport un ity.VII.同位語的引導詞。（重要！這是中高級寫作中不可缺少的引導成分）引導詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分之間的關系：1 . namely, that it is, that is to say （也就是說），in other words （換句話說），or, for short 表 示等同關系。2 .such as, say, so to speak（譬如說），in clud ing（包括），for

18、 in sta nee（或 for example（e.g./ eg）,表示舉例和列舉關系。3 . especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重點，（在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分，是出題的關鍵點。） 測試精編I.選擇正確選項：1. _ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.A. NearlyB. That nearlyC. It is nearlyD. When

19、 nearly2. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware_she had gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the place whereD. the place3. Susa n has nt writte n us for a long time. What do you suppose_to her?A. that happe nedB. happe nedC. to happe nD. hav ing happe ned4. May I ha

20、ve the loa n?_ you offer good security.A. ButB. U nl essC. ProvidedD. But for5. Gorillas are quiet ani mals,_ they are able to make about twenty differe nt sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. because ofD. eve n though6. The little White House in warm spri ngs was the Georgia home of Preside nt Fran kli n-

21、D.Roosevelt_there on April 12, 1945.A. who diedB. diedC. while diedD. he died7. Esse ntially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic represe ntati on of_ reality.A. what it is con ceivedB. that is con ceivedC. what is con ceived to beD. that is being con ceived of8. Seeds usually germ in ate_ the tempera

22、ture is favorable.A. ifB. whereasC. as a resultD. in con seque nces9. Fran cis Prest on Blair. Jr,_ born in Ken tucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.A. wasB. he wasC. althoughD. who he was10. _ , work songs ofte n exhibit the song culture of a people in a fun dame ntal form.A. They occur where the

23、y areB. Occurri ng whereC. Where they occurD. Where do they occur第二章虛擬語氣THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD虛擬語氣用來表達不可能或難以實現(xiàn)的愿望，與事實相反的假設，通常分為基本的三種形式1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬：If + did / were + ., . wouldshouldcouldmightIf I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesnt know

24、it now.)2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬：If + had done + ., . would (might) have done .If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.(I didnt know your telephone number.)If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.(You didnt come here earlier.)(1) If + should + v., .

25、 would + v. (可能性很小)(譯作“萬一”)If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home. If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ., would + v.(完全不可能)If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重點：！ 簡單聯(lián)想記憶：

26、 下列動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即 should + 動詞原形， shoud 在美國英語中要省 略( TOEFL 語法考點)。此類常見的動詞有： order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議)insist (堅決要求),advise, etc.例句： He suggested that we (should) help them with English.The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

27、下列名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should +動詞原形”(should 可省去)的虛擬。suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon. It is/ was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable /

28、strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語+ should + v.It is strange that you should say such a thing.It was important that you should tell me all the information.3.與將來事實相反的虛擬：+ dowish 后的賓語從句中，as if 后的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式:主 + wish+ （that） + 主 + did / were （指現(xiàn)在）haddone （指過去）would+ v.（指將來）Iwishthat I met my un

29、cle now.IwishI had met my un cle yesterday.IwishI could meet my un cle tomorrow. It is （high） time that . + did / were .It is time that you went to bed. would rather that . + did / were .I would rather that you were not here now. would sooner that . + did / were .I would sooner that you got up earli

30、er.I would sooner that you were not my brother.測試精編I.選擇正確選項:1.1_he had taught me the word, but he did nt.A. believeB. hopeC. wishD. thi nk2. The man in charge recomme nds that this matter_ at the meeti ng. A. would becatch6. I would have helped him if I had time, but I_A. haventB. hadC. did nt7. The

31、 dam was built in time to protect the in habita nts from the flood;_A. otherwise the damage would be bey ond measure.B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.C. the damage could have bee n very serious otherwise.D. the damage caused, therefore, many of them homeless.8. It is n atural that an e

32、mployee_ his work on time.A. fini shesB. finishC. can finishD. fini shs9. I would go abroad but that I_poor.A. amB. wasC. shall beD. were10. Dont act as if you_the only pebble on the beach.A. areB. wereC. have bee nD. would beB. will be discussed C. be discusseddiscussedmay be discussed3. It is rain

33、ing now, otherwise we_go out play.A. couldB. canC. may4. _ he come late, give him the message.A. HadB. ShouldC. Would5. Had nt my car broke dow n, I_the train.A. would have caughtB. might catchD. willD. DidC. could catchD.D.wouldD. wouldnt第三章代替與省略SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION英語中，為了避免不必要的重復，經(jīng)常用 so, not, t

34、o, do, does 代替前面出現(xiàn)的動詞或相關內(nèi) 容。女口： He translated the article better than I did. (did 代替 wrote it)Doyou thi nk she isclever?I think so. (so 代替 she is clever)(1) 從上兩例中看出，do / does / did 代替動詞。(2) so 與 not代替某個詞、 短語、 句子等， 通常用于 hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid,fear, imagi ne, etc 后作賓語。E.g. Is

35、 it correct? rm afraid not. (not correct)(3) to用作不定式，常跟隨下列動詞：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be,afraid, etc.E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)do so, do that, do it 用來代替動態(tài)動詞，而不能代靜態(tài)動詞。Eg. He gave up study ing En glish.Why did he do so? (= give up

36、study ing En glish)The dish tastes ni ce.Yes, so it does. (tastes ni ce)(此句不能用 it does it 或 it does so,因 taste 屬靜態(tài)動詞。)(5)為使語言精煉，避免不必要的重復，對話中常用省略形式。E.g. He is thi nki ng of buying a car?Is he?(這里,thinking of buying a car ”被省略了。) Will he come back in time?Perhaps.(省略了 he will come back in time.)測試精編I

37、選擇正確答案：1. Shall I wake you up tomorrow? Yes,_.A. please doB. you shallC. you willD. you may2. I think records are ofte n_an actual performa nee.A. as good as or better tha nB. as good or better tha nC. like good or better tha nD. as good as any other3. If he does nt come to work, he may be fired. Su

38、rely he isnt so foolish_ notto realize that.A. soB. andC. butD. as4.- Dont you think Alans health has beenruined himself. by smoking?-Yes, he told meA. the factB. this thi ngC. ItD. so5.- -Will you gohome tomorroweve ning?No, Imgoing to a lecture, orat least, rmpla nning.A. onB. toC. soD. It6. I sli

39、pped on the stairs, I think my arm is broke n. Oh! I_ .A. do not hope soB. do not hopeC. hope not soD. hope not7. California relies mai nly on in come from fruit crops, and_ .A. Florida alsoB. Florida too10. So you are lost, little boy. Why did nt you hang on to your mothers skirt? , but I couldnt r

40、each it.A. I hanged toB. I did toC. I did nt hang toD. I tried to第四章倒裝INVERSION根據(jù)語法要求，把謂語動詞置于主語前，稱為完全型，把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語前, 稱為部分倒裝。1 .副詞如：in, out, dow n, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒裝。（完全倒裝，但主語不 能是代詞）Dow n jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.In came Miss Gree n.（特別注意：當主語是人稱代詞時不倒裝。）Away she

41、 went!（她走了?。〩ere you are!（你在這兒?。? . only +副詞（介詞短語）位于句首，句子要倒裝。Only the n did he realize that he was mistake n.Only by work ing hard can we succeed in doing any thi ng.3 . well, so, often, such, few, little放于句首，句子形成倒裝。So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.Well did I know him an

42、d well did he know me.4 .否定詞或具有否定意義的詞及詞組用在句首時，句子須倒裝。此類詞有：neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，n ever， not only，barely，at no time，no where 等。 e.g. Jack could not swim.C. Florida is as wellD. so does Florida8. Have you bee n here long?A. No, not veryC. Yes, only little9. You look happy today

43、, Mary.A. doesB. likesB. Not muchD. No, only yesterdayI like my new dress and motherC. isD. do_ , too.Neither could Tom.Never have I see n such a good movie.5 . as 引導讓步狀語從句，須倒裝。（準確地說，是將需要強調(diào)的詞提到as 的前面。）Rich as he is, he spe nds a cent on charity.Try as he does, he n ever seems able to do the work bea

44、utifully.6 .在表示祝愿的句子中。May you make greater progress!（愿你取得更大進步！）7 .在虛擬條件句中，連詞 if 省略時，句型要倒裝，即將 were, had, should 等詞提到句首Were I you, I would go abroad to take adva need study.我要是你，就出國進修了。Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem. 他要是明天來的話，他會幫我們解決這個問題的。8 .百分特例重點：Much as we may pride

45、 ourselves on our good taste, we are no Ion ger free to choose the thingswe want.（NCE Book III Lesson 26 ）盡管我們?yōu)樽约旱慕^好鑒賞力感到自豪，但我們已經(jīng)無法自由地選擇我們所需要的東西 了。測試精編I.選擇正確選項：1. Not until the mid-nineteenth-century discovery of vast deposits of borates in the MajaveDesert_ relatively com mon.A. borax becameB. did

46、borax becomeC. and borax becomeD. boraxs beco ming2. _ received law degrees as today.A. Never so many wome n haveB. Never have so many wome nC. The wome n arent everD. Wome n who have n ever3. _ the Bobs bel ongings that he carried them in a bun dle slung over his shoulders.A. Were so fewB. Few were

47、 soC. So few wereD. They were so few4. Only after a baby seal is pushedinto the sea by its mother_ toswim.A. how will it learnB. will it lear n howC. it will lear n howD. and it lear ns how5. Not only_ a promise, but he also kept it.A. did he madeB. he madeC. did he makeD. he makes6. Nowhere in the

48、world_.A. travelers can buy so much beauty for so little as in Hawaii.B. no one can buy so much beauty for so little money as Hawaii.C. so much beauty can be bought for so little money in Hawaii.D. can travelers buy so much beauty for so little money as in Hawaii.7. No sooner_gone home tha n it bega

49、 n to rain heavily.A. had IB. have IC. I hadD. I have8. Not for a mome nt_the truth of your story.A. he has doubtedB. he doubtsC. did he doubtD. he did doubt9. _ succeed in doing any thi ng. A. On ly by worki ng hard we can B. By only work inghard we can C. Only by working hard can we D. Only we can

50、 work hard10. Never before in similar circumsta nces_.A. a British Prime Min ister had refused to step dow n.B. did a British Prime Mi nister have refused to step dow n.C. a British Prime Mi nister did have refused to step dow n.D. had a British Prime Minister refused to step down.11. People might a

51、void many accide nts_ these methods bee n adopted before.A. thatB. wereC. haveD. had12. _arose the problem that the boy will n ever overcome the great difficulties.A. ItB. ThisC. HereD. Those第五章形容詞ADJECTIVES定義：形容詞是用來修飾名詞的詞，描述名詞的性質(zhì)、外觀、特點等。功能：形容詞可以做定語、表語或補助語。分類：主要分為兩類：描繪性形容詞和限定性形容詞。描繪性形容詞主要用來描繪大、小、新舊、

52、顏色、質(zhì)量等。限定性形容詞主要用來限定所修飾詞的數(shù)量、距離及范圍所屬等。1 當形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，必須與冠詞連用：a lovely girl,the n aughty boy2.形容詞可與系動詞連用，做表語，說明主語的性狀。常用系動詞有：be , become , seem ,即 pear,feel， look，taste，smell， sound， rema in，go，tur n，keep，stay, etc.The dish tastes delicious.The music sounds sweet.The milk went bad.小心陷阱| feel，smell，tast

53、e， look，keep 有時可以用作實義動詞，并可以用副詞修飾。He looked me up and dow n carefully.I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.3 .形容詞用作后置定語。（簡單理解：一般的形容詞修飾名詞時放在名詞前面，但有些形容詞修 飾名詞時放在名詞的后面）a river n avigable （一條可通航的河）sight visible 可見的景象pers on resp on sible （負責人）注意：resp on sible pers on （有責任心的人）the best way p

54、ossible （盡可能好的辦法）the nu mber n ecessary （必要的數(shù)量）the people prese nt （在場的人）4.只能作表語的形容詞1 某些表示健康狀況的形容詞。well（身體好的），ill（病的），faint（虛弱的）,poorly（身體不好的）示例：His mother has beenill for a long time.特別注意：sick 是個特例。它既可做表語，又可做定語。He is sick for a couple of days.（他病兩三天了）He is a sick person.（他是個病人。）2 某些以 a-開頭的形容詞。女口： a

55、fraid （害怕的），alone （獨自的），alive （活著的），asleep （睡著的），awake （醒著 的），aware （意識到的）The old man is alone in the house.（老人一個人在家。）The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.（這位老師熱情洋溢。）He is asleep in his mothers arms.（他在母親的懷抱中睡著了。）I have been aware of the difficulty.（我已經(jīng)意識到了困難。）5 當一系列形容詞修飾名詞時，須注意排列順序：代明形容詞+數(shù)量形容詞+性狀 形

56、容詞+名 詞。（下圖看起來費勁，看透了絕對實用）代明形容詞數(shù)量形容詞性狀形容詞名詞1234567891011用于冠 詞前的 形容詞冠詞序數(shù)基數(shù)性質(zhì) 狀態(tài)大小長短形狀新舊溫度顏色國籍材料名詞指示代 詞物主代 詞動名詞不定代 詞AllthefirstonegoodbigoldblueEn glishwoodboxBothA(n)secondtwobadsmallnewyellowIn dia nstonethiscageSuchthat.roundcold.Ironyour.SomeEg.a broke n small old gray stone bridge.such a good yello

57、w pen.測試精編I.選擇正確選項：1. The Chin ese food served in America n restaura nt is not bad but I prefer_A. Chin ese food authe nticallyB. Chin ese authe ntic foodC. food Chin ese authe nticallyD. authe ntic Chin ese food2. _ less ons were not difficult.A. Our first few short En glishB. Our few first short E

58、n glishC. Our few first En glish shortD. Few our first English short3. Do you think that the Labor bill will be passed? Oh, yes, its _ that it will.A. almost surely B. very likelyC. near positive D. quite certainly4. Have you traveled much? No, I have done _ traveling.A. few B. littleC. smallD. less

59、5. I was very busy. Did you really work hard _ ?A. all day B. all the dayC. all the day longD. all of day long6. Do you need anything from the store? _and some cheddar cheese.A. Only a French bread loafB. A French bread loaf onlyC. Only a loaf of French breadD. A loaf of French bread only7. Accordin

60、g to the information, the newly-constructed highway is said to be _A. lengthy twenty milesB. length about twenty milesC. about twenty miles longD. in twenty miles of length8. Mr. Smith has done _ business here.A. a lot of B. a number of C. much D. lots9. Are you helping to organize the political con