英語中的數(shù)詞表示

1、英語中的數(shù)詞一.概述數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少和順序先后的詞,分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序.二.基數(shù)詞1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1)112是獨立的單詞1 one 2 two 3 three4 four 5 five 6 six7 seven 8 eight 9 nine10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve2)1319是在基數(shù)詞后加-teen13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen19 nineteen注意:13和15的拼寫發(fā)生變化,18應(yīng)省去原來的字母t,應(yīng)熟記3)2090

2、的整位數(shù)是在基數(shù)詞后加-ty20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy80 eighty 90 ninety注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼寫發(fā)生變化 4)2129由”十位數(shù)20+個位數(shù)19”構(gòu)成,中間加連字符21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine其他”幾十幾”的數(shù)詞依此類推.31 thirty-

3、one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine5)百位數(shù)由19加hundred構(gòu)成100 one/a hundred 200 two hundred500 five hundred 900 nine hundred百位數(shù)含十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)時,百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間常用and連接;百位數(shù)加個位數(shù)時,也可用and連接,但在美式英語中,這個and往往省略.158 a/one hundred (and)fifty-eight599 five hun

4、dred (and)ninety-nine605 six hundred (and)five808 eight hundred(and)eight6)千位數(shù)由19加thousand構(gòu)成1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand千位數(shù)帶百、十、個位數(shù)時,由千位數(shù)直接加百、十、個位數(shù)構(gòu)成.a只能用在整個詞組之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文體中應(yīng)該用one.另外,千位數(shù)中如果百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)均為零,可用and與個位數(shù)連接,但在美式英語中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thou

5、sand (and)five3,008 three thousand (and)eight4,836 four thousand eight hundred (and)thirty-six6,927 six thousand nine hundred (and)twenty-seven7)萬位數(shù)的構(gòu)成英語中的”萬”要用”數(shù)詞+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand20,000 twenty thousand50,000 fifty thousand60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred (and)fifty-six89,733 eight

6、y-nine thousand seven hundred (and)thirty-three“10萬99萬”的表示法100,000 a/one hundred thousand200,000 two hundred thousand335,452 three hundred (and) thirty-five thousand four hundred (and)fifty-two650,700 six hundred (and)fifty thousand seven hundred998,616 nine hundred (and)ninety-eight thousand six hu

7、ndred (and)sixteen8)”百萬”的表示法“百萬”以million為單位.1,000,000 a/one million2,000,000 two million3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand8,964,688 eight million nine hundred (and)sixty-four thousand six hundred (and)eighty-eight9)”千萬”的表示法10,000,000 ten million20,000,000 twenty million96,000,000 ninety-si

8、x million10)”億”的表示法100,000,000 a/one hundred million600,000,000 six hundred million11)”十億”的表示法1,000,000,000 (10億) a/one billiona/one thousand million2,000,000,000 (20億) two billiontwo thousand million1000以上的基數(shù)詞,從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個逗號,作為一個單位,第一個逗號前的數(shù)為thousand(千),第二個逗號前的數(shù)為million(百萬).8,869 eight thousand eig

9、ht hundred (and)sixty-nine40,664,820 forty million six hundred (and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred (and)twenty2.基數(shù)詞的用法1)作主語2)作表語3)作賓語4)作定語5)作同位語hundred,thousand,million在讀數(shù)時不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(誤)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million

10、修飾名詞,表示具體數(shù)目時,不可加s.這所學(xué)校有600名學(xué)生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(誤)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of (幾百),thousands of (幾千),millions of (幾百萬)等表示泛指,數(shù)量不定,要加s,用復(fù)數(shù)形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他買書花了數(shù)百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.數(shù)千人參加了會議.Mi

11、llions of workers lost their jobs.數(shù)百萬工人失業(yè).The birds came by hundreds.鳥兒成百地出現(xiàn).The novel sold by the millions.這部小說銷售以百萬計.表示整十的基數(shù)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示人的歲數(shù)或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多歲.She died in her nineties.她是九十多歲去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出國去了.in ones teens (正)十幾歲in ones tens (誤)年份用基數(shù)詞表示,

12、通常以”百”為單位來讀.1956 讀作nineteen (hundred and)fifty-six (hundred and通常要省去)1999 讀作nineteen (hundred and)ninety-nine但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 讀作two thousand2001 讀作two thousand and one2008 讀作two thousand and eight2020 讀作two thousand and twenty三.序數(shù)詞1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1)第一至第三英語序數(shù)詞第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(縮寫為1st) 第二s

13、econd(縮寫為2nd)第三third(縮寫為3rd)2)第四至第十九序數(shù)詞第四至第十九都是在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成,發(fā)音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼寫有變化,應(yīng)特別注意.第四fourth 第五fifth第六sixth 第七seventh第八eighth 第九ninth第十tenth 第十一eleventh第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth3)第二十至第九十從第二十到第九十表示整十的序數(shù)詞,是把相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾的y改為i,再加

14、-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth4)非整十的多位數(shù)非整十的多位數(shù),把個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞即可,十位數(shù)不變.第二十一twenty-first(21st) 第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd) 第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th) 第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th) 第九

15、十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st) 第二百八十八two hundred (and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred (and)seventy-third(973rd) 第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序數(shù)詞的縮寫式是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母組成.5)hundred等的序數(shù)詞hundred,thousand和million的序數(shù)詞分別為hundredth,thousandth,mil

16、lionth. 第一百(one)hundredth (不可用a)第八百eight hundredth第一千(one)thousandth第一萬ten thousandth第十萬 (one)hundred thousandth第一百萬(one)millionth2.序數(shù)詞的用法1)作主語2)作賓語3)作表語4)作定語5)作同位語6)作狀語序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞.He will be the first to speak.他將第一個發(fā)言.The ninth boy is from England.第九個男孩來自英國.序數(shù)詞前用了物主代詞或名詞所有格,則不用定冠詞.She is his second

17、wife.她是他的第二個妻子.It is Lilys third dictionary.這是莉莉的第三本詞典.表示比賽或考試的名次時,定冠詞常省略.Tom was (the) first in the match.湯姆在比賽中獲得第一名.用作副詞時,不加定冠詞.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次見到他是在上海.序數(shù)詞前有時可用不定冠詞,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加,相當(dāng)于another.Ill read the book a second time.我將把這本書再讀一遍.(已讀過一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看見了第三只猴子.(

18、已看見兩只)3.數(shù)詞的各種表達法1)章節(jié)、頁數(shù)、課次、行次、第幾中學(xué)、第幾車間等編號常用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示,也可用”the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter第二節(jié): Section Two或the second section第五課: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson第23頁:page 23或the twenty-third page第8行: line eight 或the eighth line第三中學(xué):No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School第二機械車間: No.2

19、 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop第一次世界大戰(zhàn): World War或the First World War較大的數(shù)字,要用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第608頁: page six o eigth(o讀作u)第839頁:page eight three nine或page eight hundred (and)thirty-nine第2645頁:page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five2)房間、門牌等的表示法房間、門牌、電話號碼、信箱號碼、郵政編碼等,用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第236房間:Room(

20、No.)236(讀作room(number)two three six)中山東路66號:(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 電話號碼Telephone number讀作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight)(在o,two,five之后要稍加停頓)326信箱:P.O.Box 326郵政編碼:230094 Postcode 230094(讀作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽車

21、: Bus (No.)33或The No.33 Bus309班機:Flight Number 309507航班:Flight Number 5073)世紀(jì)、年代表示法年代為四位數(shù)時,各分成二位來讀.20世紀(jì):the 20th century21世紀(jì):the 21st century在50年代:in the fifties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))在90年代:in the nineties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))1990年:nineteen ninety1998年:nineteen ninety-eight注意下面年代的讀法:2000年:(the year)two thousand2001年:two thousand

22、 (and)one2008年:two thousand (and)eight2025年:two thousand (and)twenty-fivetwenty twenty-five2050年:two thousand (and)fiftytwenty fifty4)日期表示法日期通常用序數(shù)詞來讀.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(讀作the first of May)May 1 (st)(美式)(讀作May (the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(讀作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(讀作Octobe

23、r(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法“公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世紀(jì):in the sixth century AD公元55年:in 55 ADin (the year) AD 55公元前500年:in (the year) 500 BC6)鐘點表示法鐘點時刻通常用基數(shù)詞表示.表示整點可加oclock,口語中常省去.Its ten oclock. 現(xiàn)在10點鐘.He got up at six (oclock). 他6點鐘起的

24、床.表示”幾點幾分”,在30分鐘之內(nèi),包括30分鐘,用past,結(jié)構(gòu)為:分鐘數(shù)+ past/after +小時.9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten10:15 (a) quarter past ten或ten fifteen11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five表示”幾點幾分”,分鐘數(shù)超過了30分鐘,結(jié)構(gòu)為:到下一鐘點所差分鐘數(shù)+ to/of(美)+下一小時數(shù).7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty9:45 (a)quarte

25、r to ten或nine forty -five用a.m. 表示”上午”,用p.m. 表示”下午”.另外,oclock不能與a.m. 或p.m. 連用.四.分?jǐn)?shù)詞1.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成分?jǐn)?shù)詞由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.分子大于1時,分母序數(shù)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenth

26、s1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths分母和分子之間可用連字符,也可不用.2.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的用法分?jǐn)?shù)詞常同of短語連用,在句中作主語或賓語.五.四則運算表示法加、減、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three?10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelv

27、e.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.數(shù)詞的其他用法1.half的用法1)half作形容詞意為”一半”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):結(jié)構(gòu): half a/an +單數(shù)名詞a half +單數(shù)名詞半天half a day 半月half a montha half day a half month半小時half an hour 半英里half a milea half hour a half mile2)half作名詞,常用于half of結(jié)構(gòu),of?？墒∪?但half of后

28、為人稱代詞時,of不可省一半的工作: half (of)the work一半的時間: half (of) the time一半的書: half (of) the books一半的房子: half (of)the houses我們中的一半: half of us他們中的一半: half of them3)”一個半”的表示法如下一個半蘋果a/one apple and a halfone and a half apples一個半小時a/one hour and a halfone and a half hours2.小數(shù)表示法小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,小數(shù)點是point,讀作pint,”零”是zero,讀

29、作ziru.0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight3.百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,在數(shù)字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent4.倍數(shù)表示法1)”增加一倍”

30、用doubleThe price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.鋼的價格在過去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比大長(n-1)倍”用:倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級 + than +被比部分That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比這所房子大兩倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽車的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是的幾倍”用:倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 + as +被比部分This factory is four times as big as that one.這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的書是我的三倍之多.