大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)態(tài)ppt課件

1、主動(dòng)態(tài)與被動(dòng)態(tài)主動(dòng)態(tài)與被動(dòng)態(tài)詞組動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)詞組動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)非限定動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)非限定動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則(以句型的方式）以句型的方式）1.SVO結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：*帶否定情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換帶否定情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 People mustnt leave bikes in the hall.= Bikes must not be left .2.SVoO結(jié)構(gòu)：轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可以直賓或間賓做主語(yǔ)，但結(jié)構(gòu)：轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可以直賓或間賓做主語(yǔ)，但直賓做主語(yǔ)比較常見。直賓做主語(yǔ)比較常見。3.SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)：一般規(guī)律。結(jié)構(gòu)：一般規(guī)律。主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則以時(shí)態(tài)的方式）主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則以時(shí)態(tài)

2、的方式）主動(dòng)句主詞過去式動(dòng)詞受詞被動(dòng)句主詞was/ were+ p.p+by受詞過去式主動(dòng)句主詞Will+動(dòng)詞原型受詞被動(dòng)句主詞Will be+ p.p+by受詞將來式主動(dòng)句主詞Has/have + p.p受詞被動(dòng)句主詞Has/have been +p.p + by受詞現(xiàn)在完成式關(guān)于by有時(shí)為了避免中途變更主語(yǔ)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于有時(shí)為了避免中途變更主語(yǔ)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于by-by-詞組中。詞組中。He arrived at London where he was met by his friend.He arrived at London where he was me

3、t by his friend.如前所述，當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，有時(shí)用如前所述，當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，有時(shí)用by-by-詞組，有時(shí)不用，這是詞組，有時(shí)不用，這是有多種因素決定的。有多種因素決定的。 一般說來，當(dāng)施動(dòng)者為誰(shuí)不太清楚、不甚重要或一般說來，當(dāng)施動(dòng)者為誰(shuí)不太清楚、不甚重要或不愿說出來時(shí)，通常不用不愿說出來時(shí)，通常不用by-by-詞組詞組但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，則須用但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，則須用by-by-詞組。詞組。Hamlet was written by ShakespeareHamlet was written by Shakespeare有時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施有

4、時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于動(dòng)者置于by-by-詞組中。詞組中。The picture was painted by a very good friendThe picture was painted by a very good friendof mine whom Id like you to meet sometime.of mine whom Id like you to meet sometime.主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句相互轉(zhuǎn)換的限制性主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句相互轉(zhuǎn)換的限制性賓語(yǔ)的限定1、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞、相互代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時(shí)。 Each should help the

5、 other. 2、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)前有指主語(yǔ)的屬格代詞形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)。 The little boy washes his face every morning. 3、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 She smiled a sweet smile. 4、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。 Many students enjoy playing football. 5、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)或處所時(shí)。 The brave man swam the wide river. 6、賓語(yǔ)為不表示實(shí)意的不定代詞時(shí)We will battle it together動(dòng)詞的限制動(dòng)詞的限制1、表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞、表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞be

6、come， fail(缺少缺少)， hold(容納容納)， have(有有)， lack(缺少缺少)， last(耐久、耐久、夠夠.用用)， posses(擁有擁有)， resemble (類似類似)，suit ， want，lack 2、有一些詞具有原詞義以外的新意思時(shí)、有一些詞具有原詞義以外的新意思時(shí) (1).實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have表示表示“曉得、明白、患病、吃飯等意思時(shí)不能用被曉得、明白、患病、吃飯等意思時(shí)不能用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)。 He has no French.（2cost表示表示“犧牲犧牲”、owe表示表示“欠、應(yīng)付給欠、應(yīng)付給” take表示表示“懂得、曉得懂得、曉得” get His

7、 careless driving cost him his life . 3、及物動(dòng)詞和其賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)不可分割的短語(yǔ)時(shí)、及物動(dòng)詞和其賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)不可分割的短語(yǔ)時(shí) He went to cinema to kill time with some of his friends. 1.1.一般詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài) “ “動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞+ +介詞介詞” “ “動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ +副詞小品詞副詞小品詞” “ “動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ +副詞小品詞副詞小品詞+ +介詞介詞” 三種形式2.“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+名詞名詞+介詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)介詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)把整個(gè)詞組動(dòng)詞當(dāng)作一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞處理把整個(gè)詞組動(dòng)詞當(dāng)作一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞處理 He

8、took great care of his books. 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 賓賓 His books were taken great care of. 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)把詞組動(dòng)詞看作把詞組動(dòng)詞看作“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+介詞詞組結(jié)構(gòu)處理介詞詞組結(jié)構(gòu)處理 He took great care of his books. 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 賓賓 Great care was taken of his books. 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 采用第二種形式時(shí)要把整個(gè)介詞詞采用第二種形式時(shí)要把整個(gè)介詞詞 組放到被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面去。組放到被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面去。They had made a mess of the house.1.Th

9、e house had been made a mess of.2.A mess had been made of the house.并不是所有此類動(dòng)詞都有兩種變化方式并不是所有此類動(dòng)詞都有兩種變化方式Mary realized that they were making fun of her.Mary realized that she was being made fun of.We must put an end to this state of things as soon as possible.This state of things must been put an end as soon as possible.不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)1.*get- 型被動(dòng)態(tài)型被動(dòng)態(tài) It was nasty for Mary to get hurt.2.在有些場(chǎng)合，即可用不定式的主動(dòng)態(tài)，也也用在有些場(chǎng)合，即可用不定式的主動(dòng)態(tài)，也也用不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)There is so much work to do/ to be done.3.有時(shí)在有時(shí)在there + be結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式用主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)不定式用主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)是不同的是不同的There was nothing to see. 沒什么可看的沒什么可看的There