主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

1、名詞性從句名詞性從句 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句從句.1賓語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句；2主語(yǔ)從句；主語(yǔ)從句；3表語(yǔ)從句；表語(yǔ)從句；4同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句在另外一個(gè)句子中做主語(yǔ)的句在另外一個(gè)句子中做主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious 主語(yǔ)從句常用主語(yǔ)從句常用it it作形式主語(yǔ)放句首作形式主語(yǔ)放句首因而我們常見(jiàn)到這種句式：因而我們常見(jiàn)到這種句式：It+be+n./a

2、dj/-ed從句（從句（that, whether,etc.)例：例：Its a pity that you should have to leave. = That you should have to leave is a pity.It is great that I have a teacher like you.= That I have a teacher like you is great. .主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一、主語(yǔ)從句一、主語(yǔ)從句1.連詞連詞that(無(wú)詞義無(wú)詞義, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省不能省略略);whether(是否是否),if不能位于句首。不能位于

3、句首。That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.It is not known if he will come.注意注意: : 已確定的事由已確定的事由thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo); ; 沒(méi)決定的事由沒(méi)決定的事由whetherwhether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). . 3.連接副詞連接副詞when, where， why, how, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test will

4、 be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 連接代詞連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） A. it B. that C. these

5、D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 為了使句子保持平衡，常用為了使句子保持平衡，常用it來(lái)代替主來(lái)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到后面，尤其是連詞語(yǔ)從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中，但的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中，

6、但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。 請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納 ？同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在一個(gè)更長(zhǎng)的句子中作同位語(yǔ)使在一個(gè)更長(zhǎng)的句子中作同位語(yǔ)使用的句子叫同位語(yǔ)從句。用的句子叫同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)與其前的詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的同位語(yǔ)與其前的詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是同一事物。如：是同一事物。如：The fact that she is ill should be considered.The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact tha

7、t the car went wrong halfway.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea,answer,information,doubt, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, , 用以說(shuō)明或解用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞釋前面的名詞. . The Differences Between The Differences Between Appositive clauses and Attributi

8、ve ClausesAppositive clauses and Attributive Clauses 怎樣區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ) 從句從句的的不同之處不同之處1 1、從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步、從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步 說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、 限定前面的名詞。限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. （從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）The news tha

9、t you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2 2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I

10、 passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分）不充當(dāng)任何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。），又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法同步輔導(dǎo)高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法同步輔導(dǎo)3 3、thatthat引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，故引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，故不能用不能用whichwhich替換；而替換；而thatthat引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是代詞，常可以和另一關(guān)系代詞代詞，?？梢院土硪魂P(guān)系代詞whichwhich替換。替換。e.g. T

11、he fact that he is from Canada is new to me. （that不可換為不可換為which） The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese. （第一個(gè)（第一個(gè)that可換為可換為which，第二個(gè)，第二個(gè)不行，因?yàn)樗龑?dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。）不行，因?yàn)樗龑?dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。）4 4、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，除、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，除thatthat外，還可外，還可以根據(jù)句義使用任何其它疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞；以根據(jù)句義使用任何其它疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞；而定語(yǔ)從句不可用而定語(yǔ)從句不可用what, how, whethe

12、rwhat, how, whether等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that只起連接只起連接的作用的作用不充當(dāng)句子不充當(dāng)句子成分成分引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that除了引導(dǎo)除了引導(dǎo)句子外還句子外還充當(dāng)充當(dāng)一定的一定的句子成分句子成分同位語(yǔ)從句與前面同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是的名詞是同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系表示這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)表示這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容容定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，修

13、飾作用，表示表示“的的”。同位語(yǔ)從句的同位語(yǔ)從句的that 一一般不能省般不能省而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞代詞that，當(dāng)其在從，當(dāng)其在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常省省略略一一.同位語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn)同位語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn) PracticeI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences 說(shuō)出下列從句的功能：說(shuō)出下列從句的功能：A: Appositive（同位語(yǔ)）（同位語(yǔ)）; B: Attributive（定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）1. His proposal that we go there on foot is acc

14、eptable.2. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. H

15、e made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.1. The news _ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers.A which B that C what D whatever2 The news _ he told us is exciting. Which of the following is wrong?A what B C which D thatExercisesBAII. Choose the best answer1.They expr

16、essed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. thatBAB4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A.

17、that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. whichACCwhat 與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 wh

18、at 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，而成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，而that 則不然。則不然。What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不可改為含形式主語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不可改為含形式主語(yǔ)的句子。例如：句子。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is certain. It is right what you said yesterday.It is certain that she is still alive.1.用that 或what 填

19、空 1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for. 2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before. 3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhatthat 4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 5._ the earth is round is known to us all. 歸納：歸納：

20、WhatThat連詞連詞_在從句中不作成分，在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問(wèn)意義，而不含有疑問(wèn)意義，而_在從在從句中作成分，常含有疑問(wèn)意義。句中作成分，常含有疑問(wèn)意義。thatwhat1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 高考題選萃高考題選萃 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) There

21、s a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what AA3.選擇填空（what,whatever,who,whoever 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is not important. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever _ 等引導(dǎo)的名等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句詞性從句不含有疑問(wèn)意義不含有疑問(wèn)意義，相當(dāng)于名，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而 _等引導(dǎo)的名詞等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都性從句都含有疑問(wèn)意義含有疑問(wèn)意義。請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納who,