Ireland愛爾蘭

1、The Republic of IrelandThe Republic of Ireland Geographical Features70,200 square kilometers Low central plains surrounded by a ring of coastal mountains. The longest river: the Shannon (360km)The largest lough: Corrib (176km2)The highest peak: Carrantuohill(1,041m) vflows southward from the Shannon

2、 Pot to the Atlantic Oceanvan important waterwayvdivision of the west of Ireland and the east and southThe Shannon 香農(nóng)河香農(nóng)河 Corrib 科里布湖科里布湖v176 square kilometersv the largest lake in the country v Bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean and on the north by the River ShannonCarrantuohill 卡朗圖厄爾山卡朗圖厄爾山

3、 Cliffs of Moher vone of the most popular tourist destinations in Ireland vMaritime temperate climatevWhat are the characteristics of maritime climate?Climate narrow annual range of temperatures do not have the extremely dry summers of Mediterranean climates Climate vThe temperature is highly unifor

4、mlColdest: January and February 4-7lHottest: July and August 14-16 Dublin Cork GalwayLimerickWaterford Major cities Dublin Capital city The largest city Commercial and industrial centre Principal port Cork 科克科克 The second largest city“the Rebel County” Limerick 利默里克利默里克 vThe third largest city in th

5、e Republic of IrelandvThe main economic region outside of Dublin and Cork Galway 戈?duì)栱f戈?duì)栱fv fourth largest city v Irelands Cultural Heart v the Galway Arts Festivalv Vibrant lifestyle and numerous festivals, celebrations and events vfounded in 914 AD by the VikingsvIrelands oldest cityWaterford 沃特福德沃特福

6、德 History 7000BCEarly HistoryEarly 20th CProcess towards Independence 1949Republic of Ireland1990Ireland since 1990 Scan the text and find out what happened in the following years:v6000 BC - hunter-getherers from BritainvIn the 6th century BC - Celtic tribesvIn the 4th century BC - GaelsvAD 432 - St

7、. PatrickvIn the 8th century - the VikingsvIn the 12th century - English involvementv1801 - the Act of UnionEarly History vSt. Patrick Known as the Apostle of Ireland”, he is the primary patron saint of the island; His arrival in 432 transformed the island into a center of learning and Christian cul

8、ture. Saint Patricks Day: March 17, the date of his deathEarly History Early HistoryvSt. Patricks DaySaint Patricks Day or the Feast of Saint Patrick is a cultural and religious holiday celebrated on 17 March. Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, and the wearing of green atti

9、re or shamrocks. vThe Act of Union 聯(lián)合法案聯(lián)合法案(1801) merged Ireland and Great Britain to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Ireland became an integral part of the United Kingdom.Early History vFamine Memorial Presented to the City of Dublin in 1997 Commemorating the Great Famine of

10、the mid-19th century From 1845 to 1849, Ireland suffered the Great Famine. It was a period of mass starvation, disease and emigration. Please work out a memorabilia for Sinn Fin.Process towards Independence Memorabilia founded at the beginning of the 20th century became the countrys dominant politic

11、al party in 1910Supported the Easter Rebellion in 1916won 73 of 105 seats allotted to Ireland in the British Parliament in 1918set up an Irish parliament in 1919, issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence and proclaimed an independent Irish republicsigned Anglo-Irish Treaty 英愛條約 in 1921 vAnglo

12、-Irish Treaty 英愛條約英愛條約 26 southern counties of Ireland became the Irish Free State (愛爾蘭自由邦愛爾蘭自由邦), as a dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The remaining six northern counties remained part of the United Kingdom. The divergence on the treaty resulted in Irish Civil War. vIrish civil

13、 War 28 June 1922 24 May 1923 Location: Irish Free State The conflict was waged between two opposing groups of Irish nationalists over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Result: Pro-Treaty victory Confirmation of Irish Free StateDefeat of Anti-Treaty forces More people lost their lives in it than in the Irish

14、War of Independence. Founded in 1932 by Eamon de Valera.In 1937, a new constitution was approved, under which, the Free States was renamed “ire”.vduring the war, remaining neutral, due to its anti-British sentiment and lack of military preparation for involvement in a warvin the post-war period, eco

15、nomic strainvin 1948, Eamon de Valera was defeated by John A. Costello as Prime Minister 18, Apr. 1949, ire declared itself a republic， Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic but refused to return the six norther counties. 1958-1963, Economic Expansion. 1, Jan. 1973, joined the EE

16、C. 1985, the Anglo-Irish Agreement 英愛協(xié)議英愛協(xié)議, Margaret Thatcher, a consultative role in the administration of Northern IrelandRepublic of Ireland Mary Robinson The first female President of Ireland (1990-1997).Ireland since 1990vin 1993, the Downing Street Declaration - to enforce a ceasefirein North

17、ern Irelandvin 1994, IRA announced a ceasefirevin 1996, IRA resumed its terrorist activities because of the Britains demand for complete disarmamentvin 1997, IRA announced second ceasefire because the British government revoked its demand vGood Friday Agreement/Belfast Agreement between the Irish an

18、d British governments on April 10, 1998 a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s The present constitutional status of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom, and Northern Irelands devolved system of government are based on the Agreement. vIrish Republi

19、can Army created in 1919 as a successor to the Irish Volunteers, a militant nationalist organization founded in 1913 The IRAs purpose: to use armed force to render British rule in Ireland ineffective During the Irish War of Independence (191921) the IRA, employed guerrilla tactics (游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)) to forc

20、e the British government to negotiate. In July 2005, it formally declared an end to its armed campaign. GovernmentvIreland is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of government (議會共和制議會共和制).vThe LegislaturevThe Oireachtas (愛爾蘭議會愛爾蘭議會) is the bicameral (兩院制兩院制) national parliament co

21、mposed of the President of Ireland and the two Houses of the Oireachtas: the Senate (參議院參議院) and the House of Representatives (眾議院眾議院).vThe Executivevthe head of state - the Presidentvthe head of government - the Prime Ministervthe CabinetvThe President serves as head of state, and is elected for a

22、seven-year term and may be re-elected once. vMichael D. Higgins became the ninth President of Ireland on 11 November 2011.vThe Judiciaryvthe Supreme Courtvthe High Court/ the Central Criminal Courtvthe Court of Criminal Appealvcircuit courtsvdistrict courts vthe Four courts The Four Courts in Dublin

23、 is Irelands main courts building. the location of the Supreme Court, the High Court and the Dublin Circuit Court Until 2010 the building also housed the Central Criminal Court.vPolitical PartiesvFine Gaelvthe Labor PartyvFianna Fail People Emigration traditionallarge scaleContinental EuropeGreat BritainNorth AmericaNew ZealandAustraliaA place of emigration Langua