最新外研版八年級英語(下)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法一、 表示過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 例如：你讀過那個故事嗎？ Have you read that story? （“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響為：是否知道故事中的內(nèi)容） 我買了兩個蘋果。 I have bought two apples. （“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果） （一）、構(gòu)成：“助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞” （二）、句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定式：主語+have/has+ 過去分詞+其它。 如： I have just come back from Qinzhou. 否定

2、式：主語+have/ has not + 過去分詞+其它。 如： I havent seen the TV play. 一般疑問句：Have/ has+ 主語+ 過去分詞+其它? 如： Has Jack finished his homework? 回答：肯定：Yes, 主語 + have/has . 否定： No, 主語+ havent/ hasnt. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句？ 如：How long have you had the dog ? 當堂檢測 完成下列句子：1李明還沒看過這本書了。 Liming _ _ that book _.2. 他去看醫(yī)生了嗎？_he_ _

3、see the doctor?3. 我非常高興，因為我通過這次英語考試。I am very happy, because I _ _ the English exam.4. 你在這等了多久了?_ _ _ you _ here?5. 媽媽把那本書弄丟了。Mum_ _that book.6.你去哪了？Where_you_ ?（三）、常與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用的幾個副詞： already，just多用于肯定句中, yet，ever，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如： 1、I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)。2、 she has just had

4、 supper. 她剛吃過晚飯。3、 Have you ever sung this English song? 你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？4、They haven't done the homework yet. 他們還沒有做作業(yè)。5、 We have never seen an interesting film. 我們從來沒有看過有趣的電影。6、 We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend. 我們剛剛到家， 我們度過了一個愉快的周末。 7、Have you ever been to Guilin? Yes, I have

5、. I went there a month ago.I have been there two or three times. 你到過桂林嗎？到過。我一個月前去過那里。 我去過那里兩三次了。8、You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework. 你做完功課可以和我們一起 去看戲。9、Most of them have already seen the movie. 他們中大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。10、How long have you lived here? 你住在這里多久了？（四）、現(xiàn)在完成時

6、和一般過去時的區(qū)別:1、 一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系；如：I finished reading the book three days ago.2、 現(xiàn)在完成時表示某一完成動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。如：I have finished reading the book now用一般過去時的情況： 1).當有一個表示過去的時間狀語, 如: last year , two days ago , yesterday , just now等時.-When did he leave ?-We werent in last night .-She often

7、 came to help me When we were very young .2). 單純談過去的動作，不涉及它對現(xiàn)在的影響時.-What did you have for your lunch?-When did you have supper?用現(xiàn)在完成時的情況：1).當有一個表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時間的狀，如recently , these days , so far , up till now, in the past 3 years, by the end of，for+ 一段時間 以及since引導(dǎo)的表示時間的狀語從句時.-We have learned a lot since

8、we came to this school .- I havent slept very well these days.2).若談一件已發(fā)生的事，主要考慮它對現(xiàn)在的影響的。- Have you had your lunch?- Do you want more? Thanks, I have had enough.即學即練用括號里適當?shù)脑~填空：1、We _(see) the film twice, we _ it yesterday at school. 2、 _ you _ (read) the book before? Yes, I _. When _ you _it? Last mo

9、nth. 3. Zhaoqing _ (be) a small city 20 years ago, now it _ (become) famous all over the world.3、有些時間狀語，如this morning , tonight , this month等，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時，但它們表達的意義不一樣。用于現(xiàn)在完成時則包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去時則與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。例如；1). I have read this story this April .我今年四月份看過這個故事了。（講話時仍然是四月份）2).I read this story this April

10、. 我今年四月份看的這個故事。（講話時四月份已過）3).I have written two letters this morning .今天上午我寫了兩封信。（講話時仍是上午）4).I wrote two letters this morning . 今天上午我寫了兩封信。（講話時已是下午或晚上）Exercise:Why not go to see the film with me? Because I _ it. A、have seen B. will see C. have saw D. saw2. Hello! Could I speak to Mr. King, please? So

11、rry, hes _ the supermarket.been at B. been to C. been on D. gone to3. I _ already _ my homework, I _ it last night.have, finished, have finished have , finished, finished finished, have finished4. Have you _ your breakfast? Yes, I have. When _ you _ it? 1 hour ago.had, have had B. do, have , had C.

12、had, did, have D. had, have, have二、.表示過去某一時間開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去。常和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi))的一段時間狀語連用。一段時間的表達方法有兩種:for + 一段時間: for a year , for two weeks, for three yearssince + 過去的某一時刻: since last week. 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句: since you came since you got home.1).They have lived here for ten years .2). She h

13、as taught in this school since three years ago.3).We have known each other since we were very young.注意：用于這種用法中的動詞必須是表示連續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)的詞，如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have 、learn、wear、walk、sleep等，這類動詞叫做“延續(xù)性動詞”。英語中還有另一種動詞，如：die、buy、join、marry become、begin、fall、come、go、hear、die、close、open、leave、bo

14、rrow、等，它們只表示短暫的動作，不能表示一個延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這類動詞叫做“瞬間性動詞”，它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但是不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。判斷下列句子的正誤：1). He has died .（ ） He has died for 2 years.（ ） He has been dead for 2 years. （ ）2). Helen has married. （ ） Helen has been married for 5 years. （ ） Helen has married for 5 years.（ ）瞬間性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用, 但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延

15、續(xù)性動詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞 buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeep arrive/come/go /becomebe put on wear get up be up 2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞 join the army be a soldierjoin the Party be a Party membergo to school be a student 3.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 diebe dead finishend be over beginbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep

16、close/open be closed/open marry be married4轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語 go to school be in school join the army be in the army 當堂檢測 選擇填空 1The shop has been _ for an hour. A. close B. closing C. closed 2. How long have you _ the book? A. borrowed B. kept C. bought 3. They _ Guangzhou for an hour. A. left B. have left

17、 C. have been away from4. I have _ Foshan since ten years ago. A. come to B. arrive in C. been in5. I bought a computer _. A. for two days B. since two days ago C. two days ago 6Class has been over _. A. just now B. for a moment C. a moment ago7. I have come back _. A. for an hour B. yet C. Already

18、I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years. A. knewhave lived B. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive2. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have. A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in3. My brother _college for over three years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been at4. He _ t

19、he Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then. A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been5. _ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago. A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad“Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”

20、 A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted 6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Have seendidsee B. Did seehaveseen C. Haveseenhaveseen7. You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five. A. keptwaited B. have keptwaited C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited Where

21、 _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewentA. 用 already 或 yet填空Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _. 3) He hasnt visited the museum_.B.用 since或 for填空1) We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospi