四級閱讀段落信息匹配題技巧及練習(xí)

1、段落信息匹配題1 .這種題型可以放到最后做。2 .考生難以按照閱讀題一貫遵循的 順序原則”解題。細節(jié)信息的排列絕對是 亂序的”,這就意味著 從文章開頭到結(jié)尾按順序定位的方法是行不通的。3 .快速掌握文章脈絡(luò)。通過閱讀中心旬快速掌握文章脈絡(luò)。中心句一般出現(xiàn)在：1）首句；2）轉(zhuǎn)折詞如but ; 3）因果關(guān)系聯(lián)接詞如 asaresult引領(lǐng)的第二句；4）問句后面的答句。在找到中心句 后，讀一下末句,可以更精確地掌控段意。若無特別明顯的中心旬，首尾句的閱讀也有助于理解 段意。閱讀過程當(dāng)中,有的信息點明確可直接先去選出答案。這里我們也要明確要多看外文，掌 握外文的行文思路。4 . 一般而言文章組織有三大

2、類。一是按時間，如貨物運輸，這是最簡單的。二是按觀點一原因一發(fā)展一瓶頸一措施一目標的布局來分析一件事物。三是偏科普的 夾雜很多不同派別的理論，這個相 對而言比較難。5 .劃出句子中的關(guān)鍵詞。由于人的短期記憶能力是有限的、在短時間內(nèi)無法記下所有的句子。因此 需要尋找選項中的一些在最大程度上概括整個選項的關(guān)鍵詞。帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞去瀏覽全篇文章，找 到它們所涉及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容后，再研讀細節(jié)，最終確定此句是否和該段匹配。6 .題干提供的信息表述中通常會出現(xiàn)一些具有特殊意義的指示性詞匯，這類詞匯雖然不是通常意義 上的定位關(guān)鍵詞，但其特殊含義可將考生的注意力指向原文的開頭、結(jié)尾或是某個具有特殊特征 的段落。這些

3、詞通常包括如下三類:能夠指示開頭段的詞匯（支 口 overview、introduction、initiation、mainidea、definition 等）；能夠指示結(jié)尾段的詞（女口 overview、 future、 solution、 conclusion、 suggestions summary等）；能夠幫助考生回原文定位的特殊詞匯（如rate、ratio、proportion > percentage等詞往往對應(yīng)含 “%的段落；number、figure、statisticaldemographics等詞往往對應(yīng)數(shù)字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue

4、、salary等詞往往對應(yīng)含諸如“$"¥”等貨幣符號的段落）。通過這些指示性詞匯縮小回原文 定位的范圍，從而快速判定。7 .正確選項一定是原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此必須識別它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系。8 .在首次閱讀的過程中如果不能確定某些單句是否與該段落相匹配，最好做個記 土，以便第二次閱讀時更有針對性。第二次閱讀的目的：一是檢查已初步確定的段落 與單句是否確實匹配；二是完成第一遍閱讀中尚未 解答的題目。關(guān)鍵詞專題：什么是關(guān)鍵詞呢？關(guān)鍵詞是用來幫助我們定位信息的詞匯。最理想的情況是：我們依靠所劃的關(guān)鍵詞迅速定位到信息所在的段落，從而得到答案。這就要求我們所劃的關(guān)鍵詞是獨一無二的， 它只

5、出現(xiàn)在 原文的某一個段落。那么什么樣的詞才有這個特點呢 ？題號答案關(guān)健詞出題方式考點46Dinternship細節(jié)歸納斜體,括號釋義47Cmid-1970 3.9 percent細節(jié)信息數(shù)字48Icompetitiveness, positive細節(jié)歸納列舉、曹號49Eresearch, globalization細節(jié)信患段落首句,50C20 percent細節(jié)信息數(shù)字51Hafter September 11細節(jié)信扈數(shù)字,特殊事件52Gfunding, unsteady細節(jié)信息轉(zhuǎn)折(but)53Funiversity-based如節(jié)歸納特殊詞匯,連字符二Aglobal integration

6、除含信息首段尾句55Ivaluer隱含信息品高級most .,【關(guān)鍵詞的類型】1 .些拼寫較長的詞， 比如如：internship .competitiveness,globalization,integration ,sustainability, innovative, immigration等。這些詞屬于低頻詞，一般不會大篇幅地出現(xiàn)。利用這些詞可以高效地查 找匹配段落。另外，這些詞有時會作為生詞在文中標注出來，像internship ,在原文中用斜體印刷，并以括號備注中文。選它做關(guān)鍵詞，瞬間就能找到原文出處了。2 .數(shù)字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四級樣卷中的：mid-1970s,

7、 3.9 percent, 20 percent, September 11等。利用這些數(shù)字進行定位，測得的準確率是100%3 .以連字符連接的特殊詞匯。如：university-based, one-child。這些詞是由兩個（或三個）單詞連 接的新詞，一般當(dāng)成形容詞使用。三個單詞的例子如：hard-to-grasp難以理解的。這些詞也屬于低頻詞，一般不會大篇幅出現(xiàn)。需要注意的是有時候我們需要將這些詞拆開來定位，如 one-child在原文 中是沒有的，原文是這樣的 “They often compromise by having just one child這里的 one child就不是

8、整 體作為形容詞使用了。4 .研究、報告、書籍型詞匯，如:report, study, books等。一般來說研究、報告等內(nèi)容都是易 考點，這些信息經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在特定的段落里，所以根據(jù)這些詞匯作為關(guān)鍵詞也很容易定位。5 .最高級，如best, worst, most等。如關(guān)鍵詞之一為the best solution0然而僅憑此關(guān)鍵詞我們 可能無法迅速地找到答案，因為原文的表述是 the most effective method ,用的詞匯是完全不一樣的。 這就提醒我們在平常的閱讀中應(yīng)多關(guān)注最高級出現(xiàn)的地方，因為它常常是考點。6 .除了以上所列的承載主要信息的名詞，形容詞等。如： funding

9、, unsteady , values, employers, older workers, reforms, shortage, war, immigration , rich countries 等。這些詞的判斷需要多力口練習(xí) 與體會。The Art of FriendshipA) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful - I was j

10、ust feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me - lonesom

11、eness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with

12、them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my frie

13、nds: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends - women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever g

14、iven the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger - a fact woman I've spoken with

15、 point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity.

16、Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't

17、 run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would

18、 you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might h

19、ave been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests - say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for - become the perfect catalysts for br

20、inging us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might refle

21、ct on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, sel

22、f-esteem issues do not factor in - or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jok

23、es. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierar

24、chy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when s

25、he was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the dire

26、ction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in sha

27、pe.J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in

28、touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind.

29、Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks -she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative - to cut down on frustration and fi

30、ghts. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the di

31、rection that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help yo

32、u realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressi

33、ng and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidenc

34、e to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.交友之道A激年前的一天晚上，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了焦慮中。事實上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康； 我工作忙碌，事業(yè)有成。我只是隱隱約約感到情緒很低落，急需一個朋友能給我打打氣，跟我喝杯咖 啡，聽我盡情發(fā)泄直到煙消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州一這個國家的另一端。我撥通了她的電話， 卻聽到要求留言的錄音。陰影從此開始籠罩著我，孤獨是我沮喪的根源。我的社

35、交生活已經(jīng)減少到幾 乎沒有，但不知何故，直到那一該，我才注意到這一點?，F(xiàn)在，這種感覺卻狠雛地撞擊著我。戈的那 些老朋友們，從大學(xué)甚至孩提時代就已深交的密友，對我了如指掌，但他們一離開，也把我生活的環(huán) 境一并帶走了。BX究表明，缺少社交生活對人的健康會產(chǎn)生長期的消極后果。還好，我妁焦慮期持續(xù)時間相當(dāng) 短暫。1521在那時我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那種方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代噴 油的想法是錯誤的：他不能，即使他能，我又和誰傾訴我對丈夫的抱怨呢？于是，我下定決心要結(jié)交新朋友，目標是像我一樣一一有孩子而且關(guān)注這個世界的婦女。因為我這樣交友的目的性更明確， 我逐漸意識到，我是可以進行選擇

36、的，我實際上是可以設(shè)計我的社交生活的。 當(dāng)然它的消極一面就是我 感到非常害怕。C畢竟，在中年時期交友要比年輕時困難得多一一一這是個客觀存在的顯示，與我聊過的女性曾 不止一次地指出這一點。41歲的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戲劇導(dǎo)?W,也是一位母親，1461她的看法是，在十幾歲、二十幾歲的時候，除了有特殊理由不能成為朋友的情況，人差不多可以跟所有人 成為朋友。你的大學(xué)室友，至少余因為走得比較近而成為你最好的朋友。一現(xiàn)在，我們則需要理由才 能成為朋友。Danzi9說，”有很多人，我跟他們在一起的時候很舒服，但我不會因此稱他們?yōu)榕笥选?舒適度還不足以維持真正的友誼?！盌) 一開始的時候，

37、尋找新的伙伴的確讓入有點尷尬。四十歲了，我無法像我四歲的女兒那樣在操 場上碰到人就問：“能跟我做朋友嗎？“。【49】 每次建立一群新關(guān)系，你就會又變得脆弱了，”， KathleenHall,教牧學(xué)博士，亞特蘭大壓力研究所的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，贊同這一看法。她說： “你 是在問：你愿意參與到我的生活中嗎 ？這使我們局促不安?！盓津運的是，我的不適感很快就過去了。我意識到，作為一個尋找朋友的成年人，我變得脆弱的 風(fēng)險其實是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的請求，那又如何呢？我不再是個初中生，那時我可能會因為穿不搭調(diào)的衣服或者發(fā)型不好看而被拒絕?！?4到了我這個年紀。我已經(jīng)方足夠的自信，我以為我有足夠

38、吸引對方的東西。F評實上，我們都很忙，以至于共同的興趣，譬如，我們?yōu)橹β档捻椖?、課程或事業(yè)，就成為把我們與建立伙伴關(guān)系的候選人聯(lián)系在一起的理想的催化劑。35歲的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地區(qū)一名教師及兩個孩子的母親，她說在教會結(jié)交的新朋友對她來說是一份驚喜。【53】 Mertes說，上中學(xué)對，我是根據(jù)他們的受歡迎程度以及成為她們?nèi)ψ拥囊粏T可能對或盧生的影響來選擇朋友 的。現(xiàn)在，共同的價值觀和參加的勞動則成為我選擇朋友的關(guān)鍵因素。二她與一起組織教會的青年項目的好朋友，雖然性格不同，但她們的干勁和組織能力使她們成為彼此的理想好友。G玲人高興的是，盡管結(jié)交新朋友是一件尷尬的事情，

39、 但自尊問題不是結(jié)交朋友需要考慮的因素 一否則，如果將自尊問題作為結(jié)交朋友的考慮因素，你也能很容易地洞察這一點。Danzig講述了她兒子所在的幼兒園的一個孩子的母親的故事。那位女士身材高大，美麗動八，嫁給了一位有名的搖滾 音樂家?！拔以业恼煞蛘f，對我來說她太酷了，”她開玩笑道?！敝車娜硕几嬲]我要警惕。 但是，當(dāng)我跟她混熟了，才發(fā)現(xiàn)她原來是個非常悠閑而友好的人?！弊罱K，她們之間因為沒有“化學(xué) 反應(yīng)”，沒能成為好朋友?！拔乙庾R到，我們不是同一類人，但這跟社會地位沒有關(guān)系。”【50】現(xiàn)在看來：中年友誼似乎能反應(yīng)你所屬的類型（或正在成為的類型），從而加強你在生活中取得的進展。H）41歲的Harl

40、ene Katzman是紐約市的一名律師，她認為，在她無法確定自已是否變樣的時候， 最老的朋友知道她原來的樣子。她依然非常愛她們，她相信她們有時對問題的反應(yīng)能夠反映出她曾經(jīng) 的樣子，擁有老朋友對你而言大有益處?！?5】而跟新交的朋友在一起：紜可以翻開新的一頁。I）【47新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助找到航行的方向。39歲的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉磯的一名律師，也是一位母親。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，她在工作中新結(jié)交的一個人，Julia,正是她需要的好友。除了喜歡和尊重Julia, Dershowitz有一種感覺，這個健康且從事運動事業(yè)的年輕女性能幫助她 保持身材。J）當(dāng)你忙著結(jié)交新朋友時，請

41、記住，你仍需要與老朋友們培養(yǎng)感情。我們請 Maria Paul,友誼 的危機：當(dāng)你不再是孩童時，如何尋找朋友、結(jié)交朋友與保持友情的作者，告訴我們維持這些重要 關(guān)系的最佳途徑。保持聯(lián)系。朋友至上。無論你有多忙，都要抽空定期與朋友吃頓飯或者喝杯咖啡閑 聊。了解她的事業(yè)。知道朋友生活中經(jīng)歷的重要事件，并適時表示你的支持，打電話或者發(fā)郵件讓她 知道你時刻都在想著她。坦誠相待。如果朋友確實做了讓你懊惱的事情，一定要（委婉地）告訴她。如果你不能完全坦誠的話，就需要重新審視這段關(guān)系。包容她的缺點。人無完人，因此不要糾結(jié)于她的 怪癖她經(jīng)常遲到或者她有一點消極一一以減少挫折和斗爭。滿足她的自尊。真心的贊美使人感

42、覺良好，所以要告訴她，你多喜歡她的新毛衣，她做了多么偉大的工作。46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one S middle age needed some reasons LeslieDanzig認為在中年交朋友需要一些理由?！窘馕觥緾）。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞 Leslie Danzi邠口 making friends al one' S middle age可定位 至Cl段。該段中Danzi9說在十幾、二十幾歲的時候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但現(xiàn)在需要充分 的理由才能交到朋友，舒適度不足以維持真正的友誼?？梢娝J為中年交友需要

43、。一些理由。47. A wellchosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like. 選擇得當(dāng)?shù)男屡笥涯?幫你朝著你向往的方向前進?！窘馕觥縄）。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞 a wellchosen new friend和：he direction that you like可 定位至I）段。該段首句指出：新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助你找到航行的方向。48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best

44、friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.數(shù)年前，作者給遠在他鄉(xiāng)的最好的朋友打電話，作者當(dāng)時很需要她卻沒人接，因此感到很孤獨沮喪?！窘馕觥緼）。歸納題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞 a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A股。 句子是對整段的概括總結(jié)。49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.KathleenHall覺得人們在剛開始結(jié)交新朋友的過程中會變得敏感，【解析】D）。細節(jié)題。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D）段。該段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall 認為每次建立一種新關(guān)系，人就會變得脆弱、敏感。50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinf