初中英語6大時(shí)態(tài).

1、1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：用法 :1)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作。例如：I get up at six every morning.He plays tennis once a week.2)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3）客觀真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語：often ，usually ， sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning等連用時(shí)。構(gòu)成：主語是 I, we,

2、you, they 和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語的行為動詞用原形。主語是he, she , it 和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變法如下：一般情況s以 s, x, ch, sh,o 結(jié)尾 es以輔音 y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i es主語為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)：肯定式 :S+V/ 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式 :S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他疑問式 :Do/Does+S+V+其他簡略回答 :(肯)Yes,S+do/does(否)No,S+do/does not注意： have 的第三人稱單數(shù)為has主語肯定式否定式疑問式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am a stude

3、nt.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student. We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ don music.Many people don t like music.Are you a student.Are you/ theystudents?Is he/ she a student?Do

4、tlikeyou/ they like music? Do many people like music?當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：肯定式 :S + be + ·否定式 :S+ be +not + ···疑問式 :Am /Is /Are + S+ ··?·簡略回答 : (肯) Yes,S + be.(否) No,S + be.練習(xí)題：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A.

5、 didn t work B. doesn t workC. won t work D. can t work2_ the bus until it _.A. Get off, stopsB. Get off, will stopC. Don t get off, stopsD. Don t get off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning.A. takesB. are takingC. tookD. will take2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1）說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（動作是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：She

6、is having a bath now.2）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（但是動作并不是必須在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.3）頻度副詞 always, forever 等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣賞，表揚(yáng) )4）表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動作（僅限于The p

7、arty is beginning at 8:00 o.5) 常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語：go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay等動詞）。如： clock.now ,look,listen 等。構(gòu)成：be+ v-ingv-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的單詞。去 e,加 ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞， 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí) .run-running, stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +

8、V-ing否定句： S+be+not + V-ing一般疑問句： Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑問： wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱I am driving.I am not driving.Are you driving?和第三人稱He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.Is he/she/it working?復(fù)數(shù)以及名We/You/TheyaredoingWe/You/TheyarenotAreyou/theydoing詞復(fù)數(shù)something.doing any

9、thing.something?練習(xí)題：1I don t think that it s true. She s _ lies.A. tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told2.How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, doB. do, get alongC. are, doingD. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours?- No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line.A. are hangingB. have hungC. hangD. hung3一般將來時(shí)用法：1將

10、要發(fā)生的動作。例如：I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?3打算要做的事。例如：Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?3) 常用于一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：tomorrownext weekin 2008等。構(gòu)成：1. 助動詞 will(shall)+v2. be +going to +v練習(xí)題：1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday.

11、Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leavingB. am leftC. am going to leavingD. left2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. cameB. am going comeC. comeD. will come3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. heldB. shall holdingC. are holdingD. are going to hold4一般

12、過去時(shí)用法：1過去發(fā)生的動作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2過去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：They weren't able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday， three months ago，last year， in 1979，等。構(gòu)成：S+V-ed用動詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以 e 字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾去 y 變 i ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母

13、 +ed2）一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be 和 like 為例）：主語肯定式否定式疑問式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I was a student.I was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?students.not students.Was he/ she a student?He/She was aHe/ She was not astudent.student.Did you/ they like music?I

14、 / We/ You/ They/Did many people like music?I / We/ You/ They/didn t like music.liked music.Many people didn tManypeople likedlike music.music.練習(xí)題：1r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. wasB. isC. will beD. would be2-Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here.A.don t know B.won t thinkC.

15、thinkD. didn t know3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. comeB. would comeC. comeD. had come5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：1)過去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如：This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2)常用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：at four yesterday afternoon，then， at that time/moment 等。構(gòu)

16、成：was / were +v-ing1） Daddy promised me he _ me a computerA. was boughtB. had boughtC boughtD. would buy2） They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going toB. wentC. would goingD. were going6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與 already, just, ever, never, before等詞連用 .如:She has never read

17、 this novel.2)表示 “過去的動作 ”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去. 常與 for (后跟段時(shí)間 )或 since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間 )等連用 .如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有 for 和 since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不

18、能和表示明確的過去時(shí)間連用。如：in 1998, last morning 等 have/has been to表示 “去過 ”（去了又回來了）have/has gone to 表示 “去過 ”（去了沒回來了）如： Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在 )Where has she been?(句中作指的人在 )構(gòu)成：have / has + v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以肯定句： S+ have（has） +V-ed否定句： S+ have（ has）+not (haven t,hasnt)+V-ed一般疑問句： Have(Has)+ S+V-

19、ed+？特殊疑問句： wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+ ？be 和see為例）：主語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題：I/We/You/ TheyhaveI /We/You/ They havenHavet you/ they been herebeen here before.been here before.before?He/She has beenhereHe/ She hasn tbeenHas he/ she been herebefore.here before .before?.I / We/ You/ They/ Many.I / We/ You/ They/Have you/ they/ many peoplepeople have seen the film.Many people haven tseen the film?seen the film.1.-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, gotB. have , hadC. have, caughtD. did, have2.My bowl is empty. Who _ all