教學(xué)總結(jié)with復(fù)合賓語

1、with+復(fù)合賓語用法總結(jié) 一、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 所謂“with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”即是“with+復(fù)合賓語”也即“with +賓語+賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的賓語一般由名詞充當(dāng)(有時也可由代詞充當(dāng))；而賓語補足語則是根據(jù)具體的需要由形容詞，副詞、介詞短語，分詞短語(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)及不定式短語充當(dāng)。下面結(jié)合例句就這一結(jié)構(gòu)加以具體的說明。 1、with +賓語 +形容詞作賓補 He slept well with all the windows open. 上面句子中形容詞open作with 的賓詞all the windows的補足語， Its impolite to talk wi

2、th your mouth full of food.形容詞短語full of food作賓補。 Don't sleep with the window open in winter. 2、with+賓語+副詞作賓補 with John away, we have got more room. He was lying in bed with all his clothes on. Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副詞，作賓語the light的補足語。 The boy cant play with his fa

3、ther in.句中的副詞in作賓補。 3、with+賓語+介詞短語。 we sat on the grass with our backs to the wall. his wife came down the stairs, with her baby in her arms. They stood with their arms round each other. With tears of joy in her eyes, she saw her daughter married. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on

4、both sides.句中介詞短語on both sides作賓語 red flowers and green grass的賓補， There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介詞短語in front of them作賓補。 4、with+賓詞+分詞(短語) 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補用的分詞有兩種，一是現(xiàn)在分詞，二是過去分詞，一般來說，當(dāng)分詞所表示的動作跟其前面 的賓語之間存在主動關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞，若是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。 In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet

5、pointing at another person.(高一第十課)，句中用現(xiàn)在分詞pointing at作賓語your feet的補足語，是因它們之間存在主動關(guān)系，或者說point這一動作是your feet發(fā)出的。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.She sat with her head bent.She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.The day was bright, with a fresh breeze(微風(fēng)）blowing.I won&

6、#39;t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.With winter coming on, it is time to buy warm clothes. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. From space the earth looks like a huge water covered globe, with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.而在下面句子中因with的賓語跟其賓補之間存在

7、被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補： The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.(91年高考題)。 但當(dāng)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中語是表示人體部位名稱的名詞時，作賓補用的分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞是過去分詞，則應(yīng)視這 一動詞而定。一般來說，若此動詞是及物動詞則用其過去分詞形式，若是不及物動詞，則用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物動詞，故用其過去分詞 He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up w

8、ards. look為不及物動詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 5、with+賓語+不定式短語。 I can't go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的賓補由to be done這一不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)，表示do這一動作的將來含義或未完成之意，用其被動態(tài)則說明其與賓語之間存在被動關(guān)系。 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived. I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. So in the afte

9、rnoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school. With such an experienced teacher to teach us English, we are very happy. 6,with+賓語+名詞 He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby. 二、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 1，在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件 She came into the room，with her nose red bec

10、ause of cold.（with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語） With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名詞+副詞，作時間狀語） The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨 狀語。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to

11、 say he was kind to me.（ with+名詞+不定式，作伴隨狀語） He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語） She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ，作伴隨狀語） With nothing left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（with+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語） 2，With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語。例如： From space the eart

12、h looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck? 三，幾點說明。 1，without +賓語+賓語補足語是with +賓語+賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)的另一表現(xiàn)形式。 He could not finish i

13、t without me to help him.（without+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語） Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代詞+ 過去分詞，作為原因狀語） Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.(高二22課） （without+代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，作為伴隨狀語） Without anyone noticing ，I slipped out

14、of the room.（without+代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，作為伴隨狀語） Without a word more spoken，he went back home 2, with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系： 把with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞with去掉，即構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為 名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；例如; The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, th

15、e whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. =If weather permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow.天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我們才回家。 The

16、 door of the room being open，we looked in It being Sunday（As it's Sunday），we had no class由于是星期天，我們沒有課 The duty completed，he had three days leave The manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes closed。經(jīng)理靜靜地坐在辦公室里，雙目緊閉。 There being nothing else to do, we left。 由于沒有其它事情可做，我們離開了 He guiding her, t

17、hey went across the street。他引著他，兩個人穿過那條街。 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home。 =Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home。 由于末班車已開走，我們只得步行回家 All things considered, the price would be reasonable。 If all things considered, the price would be reasonable。 通盤考慮的話，價格是合理的。 More time give

18、n, we could have done it better。 = If more time had been given to us, we could have done it better。 假如給我們更多時間的話，我們可能做的更好 The clock having struck ten，they said good night and parted 已經(jīng)十點鐘了，他們互道晚安分手了。 名詞（代詞）+形容詞； The largest collection even found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies，all

19、of them over 600 years old（英格蘭發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大一堆硬幣是20萬枚銀制的便士，它們?nèi)际?00年前制作 的。）句中“all of them over 600 years old”是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可改為：and all of them were over 600 years old并列分句；或all of which were over 600 years old非限制性定語從句。(高二22課） He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍得紅通通的 The boy，his face red，said

20、nothing 名詞（代詞）+副詞； The class over，the students left the class room in twos and threes Breakfast over，he went to the classroom When breakfast was over，he went to the classroom He put on his socks wrong, side out。 他穿上襪子，反面朝上。 名詞（代詞）+不定式； A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on。