新概念第二冊(cè)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)一、概念直接引語(yǔ)是直接引述別人的話。前后要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句，且不用引號(hào)。She says, “Ill never forget the moment.” 她說(shuō)：“我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記此刻?！?直接引語(yǔ))She says that shell never forget the moment. 她說(shuō)她將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記此刻。(間接引語(yǔ))二、直接引語(yǔ)如何變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。(一) 句式的變化1. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要變?yōu)橛眠B詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that在口語(yǔ)中常省略)

2、He said, “I want to be an actor.” He said (that) he wanted to be an actor.The doctor said, “You should drink plenty of water.” The doctor told me that I should drink plenty of water.2. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要改為陳述句語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)前)1) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句或反義疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要變?yōu)閣hether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。“Can you swim?” he asked me.

3、He asked me if/ whether I could swim.He said to me, “You are interested in computer games, arent you? ” He asked me if/whether I was interested in computer games.2) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接詞要用直接引語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)詞?！癢hat can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me what he could do for me.3. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，通常變成tell/ a

4、sk/ order sb. (not) to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。“Please open the window,” the teacher said to me. The teacher asked me to open the window.(二) 人稱的變化把直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q。通常遵循“一隨主，二隨賓，三不變”的原則。“一主”是指直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱代詞在間接引語(yǔ)中應(yīng)與引述部分主句的主語(yǔ)一致的人稱一致。“二賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱代詞在間接引語(yǔ)中應(yīng)與引述部分的賓語(yǔ)人稱一致?！叭蛔儭笔侵钢苯右Z(yǔ)中的第三人稱在間接引語(yǔ)中保持不變。例：He said, “I

5、 like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.“Can you sing in English?” he asked me. He asked me if I could sing in English.He said, “She will come late.” He said that she would come late.She said, “Im full.” She said that she was full(三) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化主句為現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)一般不變；主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)一般作相應(yīng)的變化。

6、變化見(jiàn)下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)但凡事都有例外，下列情況直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)不變：1. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的一般過(guò)去時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。She said, “I was born in 1

7、990.” She said that she was born in 1990.(四) 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和某些動(dòng)詞通常要作相 應(yīng)的變化。變化如下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodaythis afternoon( week, month)yesterdaythree days(months, years) agolast week (month, year)tomorrownext week(month, year)thenthat daythat afternoon(

8、week, month)the day before three days (months, years) beforethe week (month, year) beforethe next/following daythe next week (month, year)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comegoe.g. He said, “Im listening to music now” He said that he was listening to music then1. (2009陜西) Can you tell me _ your parents at home? I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you help B. how you help C. how you will help D. how do you help2. (2009廣東)Our tea