英語中常見的省略現(xiàn)象-2019年文檔資料

1、英語中常見的省略現(xiàn)象編者語： 你知道英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象嗎？你是否在解答此類題時常常碰壁，不知所措？你想改變這種窘境嗎？本文將助你一臂之力，繞過思維障礙，重拾信心，不再為省略的考查而丟分?！靖呖颊骖}】Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano aswell as, if , David.A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. better此題考查英語中的省略現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)句子的意思將其補全后答案就很明顯了。Though he started late, Mr. Guo play

2、ed thepiano as well as David, if he did not play better than David.答案是A。英語中的省略是指為了避免重復或使語言簡潔從而省略相同的詞或句子成分的一種語法現(xiàn)象。現(xiàn)列舉幾種常見的情況如下：1. 省略主語Beg your pardon. 請再說一遍。Hope to see you again soon. 希望不久能見到你。2. 省略謂語或謂語的一部分Tom has written a play and (has written) a short story. 湯姆寫了一個劇本和一篇短篇小說。Don t bathe if you do

3、n t want to (bathe). 如果你 不想游泳就別游。3. 省略賓語John likes(swimming) and Paul hates swimming. 約翰 喜歡游泳，而保羅討厭游泳。4. 省略主語和謂語，剩下表語、賓語、狀語或其它成分Wood burns well when (it is) dry. 干柴易燃。Though(it is) small, the classroom is very comfortable.教室雖小，但很舒適。(當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時)I have a sister, (who is) an engineer.我有個姐姐，是個工程師

4、。(非限制性定語從句的省略)The man ( who was ) responsible for the safety of the passengers ought to consider the matter. 負責乘客安全的人 應(yīng)當考慮這個問題。(限制性定語從句的省略)I don t know why ( he did it ). 我不知為什么他這么 做。(賓語從句的省略)-What class are you in?- ( I m in ) Class Two. 我在 2班。(對話中的省略)Going on holiday, are you? 去度假，是嗎？(疑問句中 的省略)On

5、with the light! 開燈！5. 省略主語、謂語和賓語“ Yes, sir , （I want the radio） very much.”“ （ I want the radio ） to study, sir.”6. 省略整個主句“ If you like. ” = “ If you like, you may go out for a picnic. ”如果你喜歡的話，可以出去野餐。7. 省略其它成分I don t like the way （that /in which） she sings.我不喜歡她唱歌的方式。（修飾名詞way的限制性定語從句常省略 in which 或

6、that ）What was it（that） you were doing yesterday evening?你昨天傍晚在干什么？（強調(diào)句型It is.that .,當強調(diào)疑問句時，that ?？梢允÷?。）The professor is ill. So I heard.教授病了，我也聽說了。（用so 或 not 來代替前面提到的內(nèi)容）Are you going to go there and have a picnic? I hopenot. 你準備去哪兒野餐？我希望不去。（理由同上）Return （as） soon as possible. 速歸。（電報用語。）8. 動詞不定式to 省

7、略情況較為復雜，請看以下幾種情況：（ 1） 不定式作表語時，如果主語部分有實義動詞do 的限定或非限定形式，則具有解釋性質(zhì)的不定式可省略toWhat he did was (to) help you. 他所做的是幫助你。All you have to do is (to) wash the dishes.你所要做的一切是洗這些碟子。（ 2） 不定式作賓補時，如果謂語是感官動詞或使役動詞，則可用省to 的不定式充當賓補。如：I saw him cross the road. 我看到他過了馬路。The sun makes the plants grow. 太陽使植物生長。He let me dri

8、nk it. 他讓我喝下這個東西的。( 3)在動詞help 后，無論動詞不定式是作直接賓語還是作賓補，不定式符號to 均可省去(只適合于主動語態(tài))。如：I helped (to) cook the supper.我?guī)兔ψ隽送盹?。He helped me (to) lift the box.他幫我抬箱子。(4)用在介詞but后，如but前有實義動詞do,則其后省 to 。如：He did nothing but watch TV all day long .他一整天只看電視，其他一樣不做。( 5) ought to, want, hope 等動詞后可省略作賓語的不定式短語,但該賓語若是be動詞或

9、動詞的完成時,則需在to后力口 be或have。如：-Are you a soldier? 你是士兵嗎？-No, but I wish to be (a soldier).不，但我希望是。鞏固練習1. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patientsdon t take medicine .A. like directed B. to be directedC. as directed D. so that directed2. for the free ticket, I would not have goneto the films so

10、often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If there were to3. -You ought to have given them some advice.-, but who cared what I asked?A. So it was B. So I ought to haveC. So I did D. So I ought to4. After he became conscious, he rememberedand on the head with a rod.A. to attack; hitB.

11、 to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit5. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can t remember .A. where B. there C. which D. that6. The police found that the house and a lotof things .A. has broken into; has been stolen.B. had broken into; had been sto

12、len.C. has been broken into; stolen.D. had been broken into; stolen.7. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and .A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white8. -Where did you get to know her?9. t was on the farm we worked.A. that B. there C. which D

13、. where【答案解析】1. as 后省略了it（ 指前面剛被提及的medicine） is ，medicine 與 direct 之間存在被動的關(guān)系，應(yīng)采用過去分詞的形式，因此本題選 Co注意：本題題干中省略的it /medicine is是順承上文而自然進行的省略，被省略后仍可以很清楚地把握，而且使得整個句子更為簡練。2. 本題考查虛擬條件句中if 的省略。跟過去事實相反的虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)為If + 主語 + had + 過去分詞, 主語 + would/could /might do.，當 if 省略時 , 將 had 提至句首, 即 Had+ 主語 + 過去分詞, 主語 + would

14、 /could /might do. 。從題干的后一句話入手, 可看出 I would not have gone to.是跟過去事實相反的虛擬條件句,故答案是C。譯為：要不是因為 票是免費的, 我也就不會經(jīng)常去看電影了。3. 本題考查ought to 后作賓語的不定式的省略。ought to,want, hope 等動詞后可省略作賓語的不定式短語, 但該賓語若是be動詞或動詞的完成時,則需在to后加be或have。故正確 答案為B。4. 表示他清醒之后回憶的過去發(fā)生的情況，應(yīng)選用動名詞的形式而不是不定式的形式，應(yīng)先排除選項 A和B；由于主語是 被襲擊、應(yīng)表示出被動語態(tài)，應(yīng)進一步排除 C而選出

15、D。D選項 中的 hit 前省略了與其并列的賓語當中相同的“having been”。5. 應(yīng)選用 which 指代 Oxford 與 Cambridge 當中的某一個， which 在本題中屬于省略形式，對應(yīng)于which city Dr. Blackcomes from 。故選C。6. 主句謂語動詞found 后有兩個并列的賓語從句，兩個賓語從句中的主語the house 和 a lot of things 都是物，兩個賓語從句中的謂語動詞都應(yīng)采用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)形式表示 在警方發(fā)現(xiàn)之前已經(jīng)完成的被動的動作，四個選項中前半部分采用了過去完成時的被動語態(tài)形式的選項只有D,因此應(yīng)選D。本題第二個下劃線處采用了stolen 的形式，這屬于為避免重復而省略的形式，省略了與前一賓語從句相同的謂語中的助動詞had been。7. 特指木板的另一側(cè)應(yīng)使用定冠詞the ，因此首先要排除表示泛指意義的選項 B和D;又因為A選項不能表示出與前面分 句一致的