精品初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)

1、初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí) 英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。 虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果時(shí)間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如： If you had come y

2、esterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來，你就會(huì)見到那位著名的教授了。虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。I. 含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動(dòng)詞過去式(或were)2.助動(dòng)詞（過去式）+動(dòng)詞原形Should Would +動(dòng)詞原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I

3、would give up drinking immediately. 二.與將來事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.     should+動(dòng)詞原形2.     動(dòng)詞過去式3、were to+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould +動(dòng)詞原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, y

4、ou would see what I mean. 三、與過去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句Ifhad+過去分詞Should Would + have+過去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.注意事項(xiàng)：1倒裝句。如果條件句中含有功能詞had，should，were時(shí)，可以省去If，把功能詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。2錯(cuò)綜條件句。若條件句和主句動(dòng)作不存在同一個(gè)時(shí)間，則謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。   

5、  If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.     If I were you, I would have gone home.3If there weren't/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadn't been fo

6、r= but for5otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子II. 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中    sb. did (希望現(xiàn)在用過去式) 1. wish+that  sb. had done（希望過去用過去完成式） sb. would/should do（希望將來用過去將來）2. would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。虛擬現(xiàn)在    were, did (

7、動(dòng)詞一般過去式)虛擬過去    had done虛擬將來    did (動(dòng)詞一般過去式)例：I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （虛擬過去） I'd rather you came here for the answer to

8、morrow morning. （虛擬將來）Id rather you posted the letter right away.  (虛擬現(xiàn)在)   3. suggest+（that）S+should+do 表示愿望、建議、請求等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用should 動(dòng)詞原形，should常常省略。這類詞有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，rec

9、ommend，requested， require等。 注意：1. suggest 當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)“暗示、表明”時(shí)，用陳述語氣 2. insist 當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“看法或建議”時(shí)，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“某個(gè)事實(shí)”時(shí)，用陳述語氣。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill. （對） Your pale face suggests

10、 that you are ill.          （錯(cuò)） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.          （對） I insisted that you were wrong.III. 虛擬語氣用在主語從句It

11、 is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用should 加動(dòng)詞原形，should 可省略。It is后可用的詞有三類：    suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等    

12、        important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等            a pity, a shame, no wonder等        IV虛擬語氣用在同

13、位語從句中。 某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提議），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推薦），plan，resolution（決議）， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the 

14、discussion ( should )be put off V 虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時(shí)，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is

15、60;that the mayor (should)present the prizes. VI 虛擬語氣用在定語從句中It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth.    eg. Don't you think it's about time we went

16、60;home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。  eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ VII. 虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中   1在帶有even if/

17、0;even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。從句謂語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)或 “had十過去分詞”。如:&#

18、160;He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。3虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的

19、狀語從句中。 在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動(dòng)詞多由should 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again VIII虛擬語氣用情感語言中  1虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中，使用虛擬語氣。 eg.You shouldn'

20、t have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +時(shí)態(tài)后退型的謂語    eg. If only I had known the result of the examinatio

21、n.虛擬語氣練習(xí)(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am (2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents. A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't (3) today, would we be able to get there by Tu

22、esday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave (4). If Jone tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come (5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“You mean to say , you would've helped

23、her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you D. were she to ask you (6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die (7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talk

24、ed B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk (8). If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of    films.A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able (9). I would h

25、ave gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had (10). I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having (11). your help, I would not have succeeded.A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for (12). “What did Mr Smith say about his care

26、er?”“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become (13). “Why didn't you help him?”“I would have I didn't have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or (14). “Who should go to see Li Ying?

27、He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went (15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch (16). I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can

28、 B. could C. had D. speak (17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. won't B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't (18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I don't know, but it's about time on something.” A. I'm

29、deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided (19). I'd rather you anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say (20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.” A. would be B.

30、 can be C. be D. will be (21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget (22). “how does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”A. were B. be C. is D. has been (23). There is a law that drunken drivers seve

31、rely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be (24). I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not (25). Henry talks to his dog as if it him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand (26). Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see (27). Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if yo