四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題

1、四六級(jí)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題第 1 2 頁(yè) 對(duì)考生應(yīng)考而言，要注意合理利用這三遍錄音：聽(tīng)讀第一遍時(shí)，聽(tīng)為主、記為輔，著重整體的理解?？忌梢栽诼?tīng)的 同時(shí)，順便填寫(xiě)有把握的單詞和做些筆記。這時(shí)的重點(diǎn)是借助文字材料，理解和把握全篇內(nèi)容和脈絡(luò)。第二遍時(shí)，記為 主、聽(tīng)為輔?？忌鷳?yīng)抓緊時(shí)間，寫(xiě)下言簡(jiǎn)意賅的筆記。第三遍時(shí)，著重細(xì)節(jié)，目的在于查漏補(bǔ)缺。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)最能通過(guò)練習(xí)而見(jiàn)成效。 一、給分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1. 36至43每題為0.5分。拼寫(xiě)完全正確的單詞給0.5分，凡有錯(cuò)不給分，大小寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤忽略不計(jì); 2. 4446滿(mǎn)分為2分，答出第一和第二部分內(nèi)容且語(yǔ)言正確各得1分; 二、扣分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1. 44至46題中有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分

2、，每題語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤扣分不超過(guò)0.5分，凡不得分部分如有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤不再重復(fù)扣分; 2. 44至46題中凡有與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容扣0.5分。 3. 44至46題中如出現(xiàn)明顯屬于筆誤造成的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤和大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤，不扣分; 4. 用漢語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題不給分。 下面來(lái)分析討論聽(tīng)力部分的最后一個(gè)題型就是復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)和聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空。 下面我們以2001年1月出的復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題為例講解其做題方法和技巧。 The human body is a remarkable food processor. As an adult, you may consume(S1)_a ton of food per year and still

3、 not gain or lose a pound of body weight. You are (S2)_harnessing and consuming energy though the intricate (S3)_of your body in order to remain in energy balance. To (S4)_a given body weight , your energy input must balance your energy output . However, sometimes the(S5)_ _energy balance is upset,

4、and your(S6)_body weight will either fall or (S7)_. The term body image refers to the mental image we have of our own physical appearance , and (S8)_. Research has revealed that about 40 percent of adult men and 55 percent of adult women are dissatisfied with their current body weight.(S9)_ _.At the

5、 college level, a study found that 85 percent of both male and female first-year students desired to change their body weight.(S10)_ _ _. Thinness is currently an attribute that females desire highly. Males generally desire muscularity. The vast majority of individuals who want to change their body

6、weight do it for the sake of appearance; most want to lose excess body fat while a smaller percentage of individuals actually want to gain weight. （看真題聽(tīng)力原文），考題里出的10個(gè)空，前7個(gè)空以單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空為主，后3個(gè)是填句子，那么對(duì)于這兩年所填的復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題它所出的詞匯考查是兩個(gè)音節(jié)以上的甚至更多音節(jié)的詞匯，在四級(jí)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)部分它主要考查詞是按詞類(lèi)分考名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞，少部分的考連詞和副詞。六級(jí)的復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題的詞匯中雖然也以實(shí)詞居多，但并不排

7、除介詞、副詞。所以在做六級(jí)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)題中一定要注意詞類(lèi)的考查。在答整個(gè)句子時(shí)，瀏覽復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)部分的整個(gè)文章，通過(guò)第1句話(huà)捕捉全文大意，在快速瀏覽過(guò)程中同學(xué)可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法來(lái)判斷所填詞的詞類(lèi)、詞義，且考慮前后搭配的問(wèn)題，對(duì)于所填詞的詞類(lèi)主要是從實(shí)詞到虛詞（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞到副詞、介詞、連詞，在這三類(lèi)詞中還是以連詞為主要的），復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)部分它的長(zhǎng)句子的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)是難點(diǎn)，所有的句子聽(tīng)寫(xiě)至少是兩個(gè)句子，這兩個(gè)句子中要么是主從關(guān)系，要么是并列關(guān)系，要并列關(guān)系肯定會(huì)有并列連詞，（肯定用and，否定用or）及其它表示轉(zhuǎn)折或并列關(guān)系的連詞，可以有意識(shí)地加以注意。 其次是表示從屬關(guān)系的復(fù)合句，這就涉及到了從句的類(lèi)

8、型，這就涉及從句的三大類(lèi)型。 那么從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，主要注意三大從句：狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句，名詞性從句具體劃分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，但這三大從句所用的連接詞都一樣，都分連接代詞和副詞，都是那么幾個(gè)“wh”這樣的詞。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)對(duì)這樣的詞加以注意，知道什么地方是從句，什么地方是主句?？?001年6月份的真題第1句話(huà)human body is，通過(guò)句子主謂賓成分的不同，我們知道基本上主語(yǔ)是我們所要討論的對(duì)象是我們?nèi)松眢w要怎么怎么樣。整篇文章使用的詞匯就跟人體有關(guān)，在聽(tīng)direction時(shí)緊緊抓住第1句話(huà)，然后迅速瀏覽底下內(nèi)容，在瀏覽時(shí)還應(yīng)在每個(gè)空格前的那個(gè)詞用紅

9、筆劃出來(lái)，這叫設(shè)興奮點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樵诼?tīng)長(zhǎng)段文章時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)單詞聽(tīng)不清楚，對(duì)英文答題來(lái)說(shuō)我們主要應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清楚的是空處的詞，若空處的詞是一個(gè)實(shí)詞（名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞），在讀時(shí)一般給予強(qiáng)調(diào)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)模式讀的也比較緩，比較重，比較容易聽(tīng)清，而且音節(jié)也比較多。但一些連詞、副詞、介詞比較麻煩，這些詞由于他們虛詞的本性常被弱讀或連讀，失去爆破等現(xiàn)象，就被夾在兩個(gè)單詞中間不容易聽(tīng)出來(lái)。第一遍沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚，第二遍再聽(tīng)時(shí)對(duì)于紅線(xiàn)處的詞給予更多注意，過(guò)渡到空處的詞時(shí)由于注意力稍有緩和那就非常容易去領(lǐng)略理解后邊那個(gè)詞會(huì)是什么，而且根據(jù)已掌握的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和上下文語(yǔ)義也容易判斷出的需填的詞來(lái)。這種設(shè)興奮點(diǎn)的方式對(duì)于同學(xué)提高答題

10、效率非常有幫助。自己在平常訓(xùn)練時(shí)在考前可有意識(shí)地鍛煉鍛煉，在考試時(shí)用起來(lái)才會(huì)比較方便。在預(yù)覽時(shí)要抓大意，設(shè)興奮點(diǎn)但一定要保證在這個(gè)direction念完時(shí)你一定要停下來(lái)，因?yàn)槟愕娜蝿?wù)是聽(tīng)整篇文章，能預(yù)覽多少就多少。在第1遍放錄音時(shí)一定要趕緊拿筆聽(tīng)寫(xiě)答案，在聽(tīng)答案時(shí)第1遍一定要用鉛筆寫(xiě)，對(duì)于一些單詞特別是對(duì)多音節(jié)詞可以自己編一套自己熟悉的語(yǔ)音信息符號(hào)，以便迅速識(shí)別，寫(xiě)下來(lái)。如My Father，可用MFTH來(lái)代替：“kilogram公斤”或用kg代替，那么“大約1公斤”，about I kilogram可以轉(zhuǎn)化成約等于1公斤這種編寫(xiě)方式，編譯成密碼，或者是把類(lèi)似one, two, three寫(xiě)成

11、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，但這些都應(yīng)用鉛筆去做。對(duì)于單詞用編寫(xiě)的4個(gè)字母來(lái)代替，這是要記住的原則，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中有很好單詞是同一詞，經(jīng)過(guò)詞尾的變化變成不同的單詞，就有不同的含義，這樣在你把它補(bǔ)充完整時(shí)就容易把它寫(xiě)成另外一個(gè)詞，應(yīng)以你自己能夠識(shí)別的密碼為準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)句子，一句話(huà)不可能完全記下來(lái)，不但要把實(shí)詞記下來(lái)還應(yīng)把連詞記下來(lái)，通過(guò)實(shí)詞和連詞就掌握了句子的大概框架，而且對(duì)于長(zhǎng)句子還可把它用符號(hào)去代替，如question這個(gè)詞可用？去代替，第1遍聽(tīng)不清楚，可以在第2遍補(bǔ)充完整，因?yàn)榈?遍在空處會(huì)有停頓，趕緊利用這時(shí)間利用上下文結(jié)合所聽(tīng)到的語(yǔ)音信息補(bǔ)上。一定要充分調(diào)動(dòng)可能調(diào)動(dòng)的主觀因素，本著看、猜、聽(tīng)、記幾舉并用。

12、看就是從聽(tīng)第1遍錄音時(shí)緊緊盯住文字跟著磁帶走，“猜”就是根據(jù)第1遍瀏覽過(guò)的內(nèi)容和上下文的語(yǔ)境及語(yǔ)法知識(shí)去猜測(cè)所需填的單詞和要完成的句子，集中精力精聽(tīng)，速記。還應(yīng)本著求快不求穩(wěn)的原則，這樣可以記下部分再根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)把句子補(bǔ)充完整。但如果就猜一個(gè)詞的話(huà)，肯定會(huì)影響對(duì)其他信息的了解，因?yàn)樵诜配浺糁耙咽孪葹g覽過(guò)，這就給你的猜測(cè)提供了可靠的信息，而且在瀏覽過(guò)程中你已注意到你所需填的詞的主要成分，主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)，也就決定了這個(gè)詞的詞類(lèi)，再結(jié)合文章表達(dá)的主題思想，就大概能夠猜到這是個(gè)什么意義的詞。前邊說(shuō)在聽(tīng)第1遍時(shí)應(yīng)手，眼，腦并用，邊聽(tīng)邊看，隨著錄音走，第2，3遍也是一樣，一定要把整個(gè)內(nèi)容聽(tīng)全，聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)確后再去

13、思考。否則沒(méi)有任何根據(jù)地瞎猜就容易出差錯(cuò)，你所作的猜測(cè)一定是在建立在已經(jīng)知道了一定的語(yǔ)音信息，而且在聽(tīng)了三遍之后，通過(guò)內(nèi)容的不斷反復(fù)強(qiáng)化，再加第1遍的預(yù)覽，應(yīng)該是4遍之后，落實(shí)到句子時(shí)，對(duì)句子的主要部分已有所掌握，對(duì)于答最后三句話(huà)進(jìn)行概括整體就非常有幫助。 例：2 A third island appeared gradually during a period of volcanic activity that lasted over four years. Later, the 1866 eruptions, which brought to Santorin those volcanol

14、ogists who first began archeological work there, enlarged the new island through two new crater vents.Q: What enlarged the third island? A. The eruptions of 1866 B. A four-year period of volcanic activity C. The activities of the men who came to study volcanoes D. Archeological work, which created t

15、wo new crater vents例：3 Just before his tenth birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.Q: Why did John receive the horse? A. Because he was ten B. Because his father loved him C. Because his

16、father wanted to seem lovingD. Because his father wouldnt be able to give him expensive gifts in the future例：4 But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and ,K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids(類(lèi)胡蘿卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, hea

17、rt disease, etc.Q: What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?A) It may impair the digestive system. B) It may affect the overall fat intake.C) It may increase the risk of cancer. D) It many spoil the consumers' appetite例：5 One in three school-leavers enters higher e

18、ducation, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years age.Q: What was the percentage of high school graduates admitted to universities in Britain thirty years ago?A) 20% or so. B) Above 30%. C) About 15%. D) Below 10%4. 邏輯推理題  本題型可能是最難的試題，因?yàn)橐笞x者在準(zhǔn)確理解字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，能理解文章的言外之意。考生

19、要根據(jù)文章中所給信息進(jìn)行分析，綜合，然后做出合乎邏輯的推斷。這類(lèi)題直接按原文原句命題的不太多，一般都會(huì)稍為變化一下角度或措辭，問(wèn)某句，某段，甚至整篇文章的含意，言外之意是什么。問(wèn)題中常有infer, imply, suggest, conclude和assume等動(dòng)詞。如果是問(wèn)整篇文章，應(yīng)放在最后做。如果就某一段，某一句提問(wèn)，應(yīng)找到原句讀幾遍，把答案逐個(gè)試一下，最合邏輯的就是正確答案。要注意根據(jù)文章中的關(guān)鍵詞，短語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行推斷，防止不依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容的主觀臆斷，這是許多考生存在的一個(gè)通病。例： The author implies that signs left by _ are easier

20、 to follow.此外，有些題目并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)infer 之類(lèi)明確要求推斷的詞匯，但實(shí)際上也必須根據(jù)文章進(jìn)行推理或判斷才能找到答案。5 作者態(tài)度判斷題 北京導(dǎo)航名師李勇全祝你考試高分positive 贊成的 negative 反對(duì)的 objective客觀的 subjective主觀的optimistic樂(lè)觀的 pessimistic悲觀的 humorous幽默的 ironic諷刺的 critical/criticize批評(píng) indifferent漠不關(guān)心的ANSWER: 例1-例5DACCD模擬練習(xí)要求：50分鐘55分鐘作完，四篇文章20個(gè)題正確14個(gè)以上。注意找好關(guān)鍵詞，找到原句。Part

21、 II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A "typical" American woman may be single. She may also be divorced or married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory work

22、er. It is very difficult to generalize about American women. However, one thing that many American women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life.Historically, American women have always been very independent. The first colonists to come to New England were o

23、f ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e., their parents, sisters, cousins, etc.). The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivilized environment demanded that every person share in d

24、eveloping it and in survival. Women worked along side their husbands and children to establish themselves in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established influence of older members of society, women felt free to step into nontraditional roles.This role of women was

25、reinforced in later years as Americans moved west, again leaving family behind and encountering a hostile environment. Even later, in the East, as now immigrants arrived, the women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family.Within the established lifestyle of in

26、dustrialized twentieth century America, the strong role of women was not as dramatic as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However, when American men went to war in the 1940s, women stepped into the men's jobs as factory and business worke

27、rs. After the war, some women stayed in these positions, and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own capabilities.21. A typical American woman isA) single or married B) divorcedC) sure about herself and her role D) all of the above22. Which of the following statements best describes the

28、 organization of the second paragraph?A) Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B) An evaluation is explained and then reasons are given.C) A problem is examined and possible answers are given.D) Historical view is explained in comparison with the present.23. During the industrialized twen

29、tieth century, the role of womenA) was strengthened B) was as important as early C) was decline D) was more reinforced than early days24. Women took part in men's jobs during the time ofA) the Second World War B) the West movementC) the early immigration D) the industrialized twentieth century25

30、. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Different life styles led by the American women.B) American women were free to step into nontraditional roles.C) American women worked hard to establish their roles in American history.D) American women were independent because they did not have to follow t

31、he regulations at all.Passage TwoQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:There is no question that the poor are sicker. Unfortunately, there are no nationwide mortality statistics by income. One of the best studies has been a recent comparison of poverty and non-poverty areas in Chicag

32、o. (This does not permit really fine analysis, because of the limitations of area comparisons.) Crude mortality in poverty areas are only three percent higher than in non-poverty areas; but the people in poverty areas are younger, and if it had been possible to compute age-specific rates, the differ

33、ences would be much greater. Differentials in infant mortality were very large-75 per cent higher in poverty than in non-poverty areas. In both cases, the differences between white and non-white were even more substantial than between poverty and non-poverty areas.The clearest and best evidence of p

34、oorer health among the poor is to be found in studies of days of disability per person per year, where differences of the order of two-to-one are found. Those in families with income of under $ 2,000 a year have 29 restricted activity days a year, while those with family income over $ 4,000 a year h

35、ave less than half that, 13 restricted activity days a day.But while the poor are sicker, the differences in the utilization of health care are not as marked as one might expect. The same study which reported twice as many disability days for those under $ 2,000 a year as for those over $ 4,000 a ye

36、ar showed lesser differences with respect to the use of doctors. Fifty-nine per cent of the poorer group have consulted a doctor in the previous year, 13 per cent a specialist, compared with 73 per cent and 28 per cent of the better-off income groups. These differences in health care utilization by

37、poor and non-poor, which were once extreme, are now declining. Indeed, in some settings they are now reserved. In 1982-31, families with an income of more than $ 5,000 spent 11 times as much on medical care as families with incomes under $1,200. In 1962, families with incomes of more than $ 7,000 sp

38、ent only 27 per cent more on medical care than families with incomes under $ 2,000.26. Compared with that in non-poverty areas, crude mortality of young people in poverty areas is . A) slightly lower B) more or less the sameC) slightly higher D) much higher27. The most striking contrast in mortality

39、 can be found between . A) different areas B) different racesC) different families D) different income groups28. "Restricted activity days" are clays when A) sick people have to stay in hospital for further treatment B) one takes a long holiday away from work C) sick people have to keep fr

40、om their normal activities D) one is restricted in his freedom of action29. The difference that is diminishing between the poor and the non-poor is that in A) the utilization of health care B) the opportunities of employment C) their living condition D) their state of health30. From the passage (as

41、the beginning paragraphs of a long article), it is very likely that the writer will go on to discussA) how to eliminate poverty in the U.S.A.B) how to gather nationwide mortality statistics by incomeC) how to help those poor people who are sickD) how to train more qualified doctors for the rich peop

42、le.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry an

43、d we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred

44、 way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family? Twenty five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have

45、 any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands or both. Sometimes these children Spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. (配偶)Thus

46、, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriages; marriages with “full-time” children from the present marriage and “part-time” children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-broth

47、ers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constants: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.3

48、1. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that_.A. Americans are more traditional than Europeans.B. American expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC. There are more married couples in U. S. A. THAN IN Europe.D. More of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and the

49、y accept it at a younger age.32. Divorced Americans_.A. will most likely remarry B. prefer the way they liveC. have lost faith in marriage D. are the vast majority of people in the society.33. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families?A. A typical American fa

50、mily consists of only a husband and a wife.B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D. There are no nuclear families any more.34. “ Part-time” children _A. spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of thei

51、r time with their half sisters.B. Spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage.C. Are shared between the two former spousesD. Cannot stay with “full-time” children.35. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families,_.A. the functions of marriag

52、e remain unchanged.B. The vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage.C. Most Americans prefer a second marriage.D. All of the above.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and

53、the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken

54、 instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempts to trace the dev

55、elopment from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But sin

56、ce these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能發(fā)出的全部聲音). This self imitation leads on to deliberate(有意識(shí)的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that their imitations can be considered as speech.36. By ". . . challenges