初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解

1、初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，但是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)或者單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要發(fā)生變化，其變化規(guī)律是：1. 一般動(dòng)詞后加-s, 如： wears, reads, plays, likes, 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾，后加 -es, 如： watches, brushes, 3. 以輔音字母+o 結(jié)尾，一般加-es, 如： goes, does, 4. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y 為 i ，再加 -es, 如： worries, carries. Be 動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊形態(tài)是：am, is, are 。Have 的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)是has

2、。二用法指南一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always 總是 , often 經(jīng)常 ,usually 通常 , seldom 很少 , never 從不 , sometimes 有時(shí)(以上頻度副詞位置放于行為動(dòng)詞之前)，every每(放于句首或者句末均可)1 leave home for school at 7 every morning.It often snows here.2) 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、能力、性格等。I know him very well.Ann Wang writes good English but does n

3、ot speak well.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?。Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。4) 表示客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.三 . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定形式，否定形式及疑問(wèn)形式肯定形式是用動(dòng)詞原形，be 動(dòng)詞用 am, is, are, 注：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的變化；否定形式是在be 動(dòng)詞后加否定詞not( 縮寫(xiě)成 isn t, aren t, am 與

4、 not 不能縮寫(xiě)), 或者添加助動(dòng)詞do/does 加 not 再加動(dòng)詞原形( 縮寫(xiě)成 don t/doesn t).疑問(wèn)形式是把be 動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞do/does 提置句首, 動(dòng)詞還原，句末問(wèn)號(hào)，人稱(chēng)上第一人稱(chēng)變第二人稱(chēng)，第二人稱(chēng)變第一人稱(chēng)，第三人稱(chēng)不變。二一般將來(lái)時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 t tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term )，in (two days )，soon, the day after tommorrow 二用法指南

5、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法1) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形，shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will 所代替，will 用于各人稱(chēng)，表示未來(lái)的事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)Students will use computers to learn. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示打算，計(jì)劃要做的事或根據(jù)有把握的判斷要發(fā)生的事。a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計(jì)劃，

6、安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示已作出的決定，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示即刻，馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, ne

7、xt week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Be 動(dòng)詞的形式與主語(yǔ)保持一直。四 . 某些將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)在用法上的區(qū)別1 ) be going to 和 will用于條件句時(shí)，be going to 表將來(lái)；will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.2 ) be

8、to 和 be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.( 客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)五一般將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定形式，否定形式及疑問(wèn)形式肯定形式正常語(yǔ)序，否定形式在be 動(dòng)詞或 will/shall 后加 not ， 疑問(wèn)形式把be 動(dòng)詞或 shall/will提置句首。三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be (am, is, are) + 現(xiàn)在分詞(即動(dòng)詞-in

9、g 形式) 。動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律：1. 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing ，如： working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e,然后再加-ing,如：taking, having, leaving, 3.以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母，然后加-ing ，如： stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊變化，如：lie lying.二用法指南現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：1) ) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are waiting for you.2) 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：

10、表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3) 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4) 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀色彩。You

11、 are always changing your mind.三 . 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need

12、, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help. He loves her very much.3) ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式是在be 后

13、加 not ，疑問(wèn)形式是把be 動(dòng)詞提置句首。四一般過(guò)去時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(即動(dòng)詞-ed 形式) , 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律：1 一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed,如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-d ,如： lived, decided, noticed, 3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變 y 為 i ， 再加 -ed ， 如： hurried, carried,4 以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ed, 如： stopped,stepped 。以上是規(guī)則變化，還有一些

14、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則變化，如：do did, have had,bewas/were, swim -swaml,參見(jiàn)初一下英語(yǔ)書(shū)后不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。二用法指南一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1 )在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year),( an hour )ago, in 1982, just nowWhere did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Wheneve

15、r the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：a. It is time for sb. to do sth到時(shí)間了 該了 It is time sb. did sth.時(shí)間已遲了 早該了”如： It is time for you to go to bed.It is time you went to bed.b. would （had） rather sb. did sth.Id rather you came tomorrow.你該睡覺(jué)了。你早該睡覺(jué)了。表示 寧愿某人做某事4) wish

16、, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一些特殊用法1 比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.Christine has been an invalid all her life. （Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seve

17、n years.（2 . 注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在含義，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1 ）動(dòng)詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, would.Cou ld you lend me your bike?四一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定形式動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，否定形式用般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。(含義：她已不在人間。)含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)did+no

18、t+ 動(dòng)詞原形（did not 縮寫(xiě)成 didn t ） ，7疑問(wèn)形式用Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+？五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)一要點(diǎn)提示1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has + 過(guò)去分詞 ”構(gòu)成注意：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式相同，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)本書(shū)末的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式以及簡(jiǎn)略回答：肯定式：I / We / You / They have cleaned the room .He / She has cleaned the room .否定式：I / We / You / They have not / havn t cleaned the

19、 room .He / She has not / hasn t cleaned the room .疑問(wèn)式：Have I / we / you / they cleaned the room ?Has he / she cleaned the room ?簡(jiǎn)略回答：肯定Yes, I / we / you / they have . 否定 No, I / we / you / they have not / havn t .肯定 Yes, he / she has . 否定 No, he / she has not / hasn t .二用法指南在英語(yǔ)中，有兩種用法：1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生

20、或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。這種用法有時(shí)不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)同 just, already, yet, recently, never, ever, before 等表示不確定時(shí)間的副詞連用。I ve just sent a fax to them. 我剛剛給他們發(fā)了一份傳真。The film hasn t started yet. 電影還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始。-Have you typed my letter already ?-Yes, I have. 你已經(jīng)把我的信打好了嗎？已經(jīng)打好了。We ve bought a new house. 我們已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了座新房子。注意：在有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀

21、語(yǔ)（last，yesterday,ago, when等）時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的這種用法通常與since 和 for 連用。Since + 一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)（在since引導(dǎo)的從句中一般用過(guò)去時(shí)）For + 一段時(shí)間（如，three days, two years ）They have lived here since 1989. 從 1989 年起他們就住在這里了。He has been here since two o clock. 他從十點(diǎn)種就在這里了。I ve known her for a long t

22、ime. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。注意： have gone （to） 表示“到某地去了”，此時(shí)人還在那里。Where is Tom ? -He has gone to London. 湯姆在哪兒？他已經(jīng)去倫敦了。have been （to） 表示“到過(guò)某地”，此時(shí)人并不在那里。I have been to the Great Wall of China twice. 我去過(guò)兩次中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與so far （到目前為止）, up till now （ 直到現(xiàn)在） 等短語(yǔ)連用Up till now I ve only learned a thousand English words. 到

23、現(xiàn)在我只學(xué)了1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。六過(guò)去完成時(shí)1 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，否定式在had 后加 not ，疑問(wèn)式把had 提前。2 用法指南1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也就時(shí)說(shuō)時(shí)在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們到那里時(shí)，籃球比賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。He told me that he had seen the film the day before.他告訴我，他前一天看過(guò)這部電影。2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)之前的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He had wor

24、ked here for ten years by the end of last month.到上個(gè)月底，他已在這里工作10 年了。He said that the university had changed a lot since he left.他說(shuō)，自他離開(kāi)之后，這所大學(xué)發(fā)生了很大的變化。七過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：由be 的過(guò)去式(was/were ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞(doing )構(gòu)成，主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其否定式在was/were 加 not 縮寫(xiě)成wasn t/weren t ，疑問(wèn)式把was/were 提前。二用法指南2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去

25、某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況在這以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了，但還沒(méi)完成或結(jié)束。This time last year I was living in New York. 去年這個(gè)時(shí)候我住在紐約。概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were/going to + do ; would/should + do.否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.一般疑

26、問(wèn)句： was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。What were you doing at 10 o clocl last night ?昨天晚上10 點(diǎn)鐘你在干什么？3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常在同一個(gè)句子里使用，從句往往由連詞等引導(dǎo)。Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中，狀語(yǔ)湯姆在做飯時(shí)燙傷了手。我在花園干活時(shí)，弄傷了后背。),etc.幾種常J1時(shí)態(tài)的相互醇換英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相醇換，以下是幾種常的醇換形式： 一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的醇換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)速用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是， 可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)鷹的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間速用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用