自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線自動(dòng)上料站的PLC控制機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、 英文原文名 Automatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding station 中文譯名 基于PLC的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線自動(dòng)上料站的控制 中文譯文：自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線自動(dòng)上料站的PLC控制自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線是由工件傳送系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)，將一組自動(dòng)機(jī)床和輔助設(shè)備按照工藝順序聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)，自動(dòng)完成產(chǎn)品全部或部分制造過(guò)程的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，簡(jiǎn)稱自動(dòng)線。二十世紀(jì)20年代，隨著汽車、滾動(dòng)軸承、小電機(jī)和縫紉機(jī)和其他工業(yè)發(fā)展,機(jī)械制造業(yè)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線,第一個(gè)是組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線。在20世紀(jì)20年代,第一次出現(xiàn)在汽車工業(yè)流水生產(chǎn)線和半自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線,然后發(fā)展成自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。第二次

2、世界大戰(zhàn)后,在機(jī)械制造工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)量急劇增加。采用自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該足夠大,產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是先進(jìn)的、穩(wěn)定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間維持不變。自動(dòng)線用于大,大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,穩(wěn)定和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,改善勞動(dòng)條件,降低生產(chǎn)區(qū)域,降低生產(chǎn)成本,縮短生產(chǎn)周期,保證生產(chǎn)平衡、顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的一個(gè)干預(yù)指定的程序或命令自動(dòng)操作或控制的過(guò)程,我們的目標(biāo)是穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確、快速。自動(dòng)化技術(shù)廣泛用于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事、科學(xué)研究、交通運(yùn)輸、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療、服務(wù)和家庭,等自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線不僅可以使人們從繁重的體力勞動(dòng)、部分腦力勞動(dòng)以及惡劣、危險(xiǎn)的工作環(huán)境,能擴(kuò)大人的器官功能,極

3、大地提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,提高人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界的能力,可以改變世界。下面我說(shuō)下它的應(yīng)用范圍：機(jī)械制造業(yè)中有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、熱處理、焊接、切削加工和機(jī)械裝配等自動(dòng)線，也有包括不同性質(zhì)的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、裝配、檢驗(yàn)和包裝等的綜合自動(dòng)線。加工自動(dòng)線發(fā)展最快,應(yīng)用最廣泛的機(jī)械制造。主要包括:用于處理盒、外殼、各種各樣的部件,如組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線;用于加工軸、盤部分,由通用、專業(yè)化、或自動(dòng)機(jī)器自動(dòng)專線;轉(zhuǎn)子加工自動(dòng)線;轉(zhuǎn)子自動(dòng)線加工過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單、小零件等。1.確保節(jié)拍時(shí)間:無(wú)論什么樣的產(chǎn)品,都必須完成的時(shí)間生產(chǎn)。2.單元過(guò)程:只有一個(gè)產(chǎn)品,單位部分處理、組裝、加工和材料。3.先導(dǎo)器：理解為視覺(jué)設(shè)備節(jié)拍時(shí)間。4.U

4、型生產(chǎn)線:校準(zhǔn)設(shè)備按照項(xiàng)目訂單逆時(shí)針?lè)较?和一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)出口和入口。5.AB控制:只有當(dāng)沒(méi)有產(chǎn)品工程,工程的產(chǎn)品,使項(xiàng)目。6.燈光:傳達(dá)我們的產(chǎn)品線過(guò)程變化的裝置。7.后工程領(lǐng)取:在產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)線,以滿足項(xiàng)目需求。設(shè)備聯(lián)接：自動(dòng)線中設(shè)備的聯(lián)結(jié)方式有剛性聯(lián)接和柔性聯(lián)接兩種。在剛性聯(lián)接自動(dòng)線中，沒(méi)有裝載裝置,工件加工和傳播過(guò)程有嚴(yán)格的節(jié)奏。當(dāng)暫停設(shè)備故障,將導(dǎo)致政府關(guān)門。因此,剛性連接自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的工作需要高可靠性的各種設(shè)備。在自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線柔性連接,每個(gè)工序(或部分)之間的加載裝置,比不必嚴(yán)格在每個(gè)過(guò)程是一致的,短暫的停頓,一個(gè)設(shè)備可以由存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備在一定時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整平衡,從而不會(huì)影響其他設(shè)備的正常工作。集成自

5、動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線、裝配、自動(dòng)線路和時(shí)間組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線通常采用柔性連接。組成部分：自動(dòng)線路傳輸系統(tǒng)一般包括機(jī)床和工件裝載裝置,傳動(dòng)裝置和加載裝置。在轉(zhuǎn)子加工自動(dòng)線,傳動(dòng)裝置,包括重力式輸送機(jī)或迫使槽或進(jìn)料輸送機(jī),推廣、傳輸和配電裝置等。有時(shí),機(jī)械手完成轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)裝置的功能。在組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線工件有合適的輸送機(jī)基礎(chǔ),采用直接傳輸方式,傳輸設(shè)備有各種步進(jìn)式輸送機(jī)、傳輸裝置和翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置形狀不規(guī)則,沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)膫鬏數(shù)幕A(chǔ)表面的工件,通常在托盤的位置和運(yùn)輸,這種情況將增加托盤返回設(shè)備。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)主要是用于確保機(jī)床的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),工件,依照有關(guān)規(guī)定和輔助設(shè)備的正常工作的工作周期和聯(lián)鎖要求,檢驗(yàn)設(shè)備和信號(hào)設(shè)備和麻煩。適應(yīng)的要

6、求自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的調(diào)試和正常運(yùn)行,控制系統(tǒng)有三種工作狀態(tài):,半自動(dòng)和自動(dòng)調(diào)整。的調(diào)整可以手動(dòng)操作和調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)單機(jī)每個(gè)行動(dòng);在半自動(dòng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)單機(jī)單工作;在自動(dòng)傳輸機(jī)可以連續(xù)工作?？刂葡到y(tǒng)有其“停止”控制功能、停車、傳送機(jī)在正常工作條件下需要完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán),每個(gè)機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件上停車后回到原來(lái)的位置。自動(dòng)設(shè)置的其他輔助設(shè)備按照流程和自動(dòng)化程度的要求,比如洗衣機(jī)工件自動(dòng)檢測(cè)裝置,自動(dòng)工具改變裝置,自動(dòng)芯片系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng),等。為了提高生產(chǎn)力,自動(dòng)行必須確保自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的工作可靠性。主要影響因素自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的可靠性工作是加工質(zhì)量和設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的可靠性。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的發(fā)展方向主要是提高生產(chǎn)率和增加通用性和靈活性。為

7、了適應(yīng)多種生產(chǎn)的需要,調(diào)整開(kāi)發(fā)可以快速可調(diào)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。這生產(chǎn)線是一套基于PLC控制的教學(xué)系統(tǒng),也是一套模塊化的生產(chǎn)實(shí)訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)。它集電氣控制、PLC應(yīng)用、傳感器和氣動(dòng)等多種技術(shù)于一體, 由自動(dòng)上料、傳輸檢測(cè)、真空分揀、顏色分揀、位置調(diào)整、配件供給和裝配下料等七個(gè)工作站組成。自動(dòng)上料站的功能是為其它工作站提供工件。工件由氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手抓取,經(jīng)平移,升降,擺動(dòng)等動(dòng)作,放到輸送帶上,然后回歸原位。1.系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)上料模塊是整個(gè)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)的起始單元,主要由工件裝料管和推出裝置,支架,閥組,終端組件、PLC、按鈕、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一個(gè)掩體工件自動(dòng)推到材料板,以便運(yùn)輸單元的機(jī)械手抓取和輸送

8、。有手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)兩種操作方式。操作前應(yīng)確保進(jìn)料板材料。1.1 動(dòng)作過(guò)程上料單元主體是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的料盤,料盤上設(shè)置兩個(gè)管形料倉(cāng)。在料盤口對(duì)應(yīng)上料的位置安裝了漫反射光電開(kāi)關(guān),功能是檢測(cè)材料裝在盤子里。當(dāng)工件將達(dá)到位置,光電開(kāi)關(guān)檢測(cè)工件的存在,然后系統(tǒng)提供本單位圓盤材料工件的信號(hào)。在輸送單元控制程序中,您可以使用信號(hào)狀態(tài)的構(gòu)件驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)械手裝置,去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自動(dòng)向下移動(dòng)工件,準(zhǔn)備下一個(gè)抓取工件。如果當(dāng)前盤沒(méi)有工件,材料板將在程序控制下的預(yù)期位置繼續(xù)測(cè)試。直到兩個(gè)菜沒(méi)有工件,材料板停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。1.2 氣動(dòng)回路設(shè)計(jì)氣動(dòng)控制回路是本工作單元的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),由氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手和上料轉(zhuǎn)盤組成,完成上料和取料。機(jī)械

9、手在結(jié)構(gòu)上由兩個(gè)直線氣缸、一個(gè)擺動(dòng)氣缸和氣爪組成。歸位狀態(tài)為:氣爪閉,平移缸退,升降缸落,擺缸0°。一個(gè)工作循環(huán):氣爪閉氣爪開(kāi)升降缸升平移缸進(jìn)氣爪閉平移缸退擺缸180°平移缸進(jìn)升降缸落 氣爪開(kāi)平移缸退升降缸升擺缸0°。機(jī)械手可以完成翻譯,舉重和擺動(dòng)臂爪抓取動(dòng)作,由磁性接近開(kāi)關(guān)安裝在每個(gè)氣缸的缸測(cè)試極限位置,然后由PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)位置控制。五兩位五通雙電動(dòng)電磁閥安裝在收集器板,控制機(jī)械臂的平移、起重和擺動(dòng)控制和上料盤的旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作。1.3 PLC控制在上料單元中,檢測(cè)磁開(kāi)關(guān)、位置缸材料盤沒(méi)有光電開(kāi)關(guān)的工件,傳輸擁塞檢測(cè)傳感器和控制按鈕,PLC,總共14個(gè)輸入終端接收信號(hào)。電磁

10、閥來(lái)控制運(yùn)動(dòng)的輸出,故障信號(hào)和信號(hào),共13個(gè)輸出終端?？梢赃x擇西門子s7 - 300的主要單位和從站之間的信息交換。2.系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)PLC梯形圖程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法有經(jīng)驗(yàn)法和順序控制法兩種。順序控制設(shè)計(jì)法的基本思想是將系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)工作周期劃分為若干個(gè)順序相連的步,用編程元件(例如存儲(chǔ)器位M)來(lái)代表,在任何一步內(nèi)各輸出量的狀態(tài)不變。使系統(tǒng)由當(dāng)前步進(jìn)入下一步的信號(hào)稱為轉(zhuǎn)換條件,它可以是外部的輸入信號(hào),如按鈕、限位開(kāi)關(guān)的通斷等。也可以是PLC內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的信號(hào),如定時(shí)器和計(jì)數(shù)器的觸點(diǎn)信號(hào)。使用順序控制設(shè)計(jì)方法時(shí),首先根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工藝流程,所示的順序功能圖,再根據(jù)順序功能圖畫出梯形圖來(lái)完成程序設(shè)計(jì)。The ori

11、ginal textAutomatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding stationAutomatic production line is composed of the workpiece transmission system and control system, a set of automatic machine and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the process sequence, completion of all or part of the manu

12、facturing process production system, automatic line for short. The 20th century 20 s, as car, rolling bearings, small motor and sewing machines and other industrial development, machinery manufacturing industry began to appear in automatic production line, the first is the modular machine tool autom

13、atic line. In the 1920 s, first appeared in the automotive industry running water production line and semi-automatic production lines, and then developed into the automatic production line. After the second world war, in the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries, the number of auto

14、matic production line has increased dramatically. Adopt the products of the automatic production line should be large enough, the product design and technology should be advanced, stable and reliable, remained largely unchanged for a long time. Automatic line for large, mass production can improve l

15、abor productivity, stability and improve product quality, improve labor condition, reduce the production area, reduce the production cost, shorten production cycle, guarantee the production of balance, significant economic benefits. Automatic production line of an intervention in a specified program

16、 or command automatic operation or control of process, our goal is to be stable, accurate and fast. Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family, such as automatic production line can not only mak

17、e people from heavy manual labor, parts of mental Labour and bad, dangerous working conditions, can expand human organ function, greatly improve the labor productivity, improve the ability of people to know the world, can change the world. Below I say under its scope of application: In mechanical ma

18、nufacturing casting, forging, stamping, heat treatment, welding, machining and mechanical assembly, automatic line, also to have the process including different properties, such as blank manufacturing, machining, assembly, testing and packaging of integrated automatic line. Processing and automatic

19、line fastest growing, most widely used machinery manufacturing. Mainly includes: used for processing box, shell, all kinds of parts, such as the combination machine tools automatic line; Used for machining shaft, plate part, by gm, specialization, or automatic machine automatic line; Rotor processin

20、g automatic line; Rotor automatic line, such as simple process, small parts. 1. Ensure the takt time: no matter what kind of products, are required to complete the time of production. 2. Unit process: only a product, the unit parts processing, assembly, processing and materials. 3. The guide: unders

21、tand the takt time for visual devices. 4. U-shaped line: calibration equipment in accordance with the project order counterclockwise, and a person in charge of export and entry. 5. AB control: only when there is no product engineering, product engineering, make the project. 6. Lighting: convey our p

22、roduct process change device. 7. After the engineering drawing: in the product line, in order to meet project requirements. Equipment connection: Automatic line of the connection device has two kinds of rigid connection and flexible connection. In rigid connection automatic line, there is no loading

23、 device, processing and transmission process has strict rhythm. When the suspension of equipment failure, will lead to shut down the government. Therefore, rigid connection of automatic production line work need high reliability of various equipment. In the automatic production line of flexible conn

24、ections, each working procedure (or parts) between the loading device, than don't have to be strict in each process is consistent, a brief pause, a device can be made by a storage device in a certain time to adjust the balance, thus will not affect the normal work of the other devices. Integrate

25、d automatic production line, assembly, automatic line and time combination machine tools automatic line usually adopt flexible connection. Components: Automatic line transmission system generally includes machine tools and the workpiece loading device, transmission device and load device. In rotor m

26、achining automatic line, transmission device, including gravity conveyor or force or feed conveyor trough, the promotion, transmission and distribution equipment, etc. Sometimes, the function of the manipulator to complete the transfer device. In combination machine tools automatic line artifacts ha

27、ve suitable conveyor foundation, USES the direct transmission mode, transmission equipment has a variety of stepping conveyor, transmission device and flip device irregular shape, without proper transmission based on the surface of the workpiece, usually in the tray location and transportation, this

28、 kind of situation will increase the pallet return equipment. Automatic production line control system is mainly used to ensure the machine tool driving system, artifacts, and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the relevant regulations of the normal work of the work cycle and interlocking requir

29、ements, test equipment and signal equipment and trouble. Adapt to the requirement of automatic production line of the debugging and running, there are three kinds of working state: control system, semi-automatic and automatic adjustment. Adjustments can be manual operation and adjustment, realize si

30、ngle machine every action; In the semi-automatic can realize single machine single work; In the automatic transmission machine can work continuously. Control system has its "stop" control function, parking, transfer machine in normal working conditions need to complete a work cycle, each m

31、achine's moving parts on back to its original position after parking. Other auxiliary equipment automatically set according to the requirements of process and automation degree, workpiece automatic detection devices such as washing machine, automatic tool change device, automatic chip system and

32、 cooling system, etc. In order to improve the productivity, automatic line must ensure that the work reliability of the automatic production line. Main factors influencing the reliability of the automatic production line of work is the reliability of the processing quality and the equipment and stab

33、le operation. The development direction of automatic production line mainly is to improve the productivity and increase the versatility and flexibility. In order to meet the needs of a variety of production, adjustment of development can be quickly adjustable automatic production line. This producti

34、on line is a set of teaching system based on PLC control, is also a set of modular production training system. It sets, sensors, PLC application and electric control of pneumatic and other technology in one, by the automatic feeding, transmission detection, vacuum sorting, color sorting, position ad

35、justment, spare parts supply and assembly blanking seven workstations, etc. The function of automatic feeding station is to provide other workstations artifacts. Artifacts by pneumatic manipulator grasping, through translation, lifting and swinging movements, such as on the conveyor belt, and then r

36、eturn to the in situ. 1. The hardware design of the system Automatic feeding unit module is the start of the automatic production line system, mainly by the workpiece loading and launching device, stents, valve group, terminal components, PLC, button, groove bottom, etc. Main function is to be place

37、d in a bunker workpiece automatically pushed to the material plate, so that the manipulator grasping and transmission of transport unit. Have both manual and automatic operation mode. Before the operation should ensure that feed plate material. 1.1 action process Feeding unit main body is a rotating

38、 tray, tray set on two tubular bin. In the position of the dish on the corresponding material installed diffuse photoelectric switch, function is to detect material served on plates. When the workpiece will reach position, photoelectric switch to detect the existence of the workpiece, and the system

39、 to provide the unit disk material artifacts signal. In conveying unit control program, you can use the signals of the state of the component to drive the manipulator device, to travel. This under the action of gravity, the workpiece automatically move down the artifacts, ready for the next grab art

40、ifacts. If the current plate without artifacts, material plate will continue to test the expected position under program control. Until the two dishes no artifacts, material plate stop running. 1.2 the pneumatic circuit design Pneumatic actuator, control loop is the unit of work consists of pneumati

41、c manipulator and feeding wheel, finish loading and discharge. Manipulator in structure consists of two straight line of cylinder, a swinging cylinder and claw. Place status to: paw closed gas, shift cylinder, lifting cylinder, cylinder 0 °. A working cycle: the paw closed - gas claws open - qi

42、 - translation cylinder into - claw gas cylinder closed - translational cylinder to cylinder 180 °, back translation cylinder into the gas - lift cylinder fall - claw open to shift cylinder annealing, lifting cylinder to cylinder 0 °. Robots can do translation, lifting and swinging arm claw grasping motion, by magnetic proximity switch installed in each cylinder cylinder test limit position, and then by the PLC to realize position control. WuLiangWei five-way double electric solenoid valve installed on the collector plate, control of mechanical arm translation, lifting and swinging