名詞性從句用法詳解

1、名詞性從句用法詳解一、概說名詞性從句，即指性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從 句。從高考的考查的實(shí)際情況來看，名詞性從句考得最多的是賓語從句，其次是主語從句，再次是 表語從句，而同位語從句則很少考查。二、名詞性從句的一般引導(dǎo)詞1. 連接詞that只起連接作用，沒有任何意思，也不充當(dāng)句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略，但引導(dǎo) 其他名詞性從句時(shí)通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday 望你假期過得好。 That he likes you is very obviou 很顯然他喜歡你。2. 連接詞whether也不充當(dāng)句子成分

2、，但有自己的意思，表示是否”引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，可換成if, 但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)不能換成if。如：He asked whether if I would show him the問我是否可以給他帶路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be se是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。(引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if 代替 whether)3. 連接代詞who(m), whose, which, what等，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。 如：That ' s why she wan ted to ie這就是她想離開的原因。 When we arri

3、ve does n't matte什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。 Tell me which one you like best.訴我你最喜歡哪一個(gè)。4. 連接副詞when, where, whjynow等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如：The question is how we should carry out the pl問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。When she ' ll be back depends much on the wefet什么時(shí)候回來在很大程度上要看天氣。Why he did it will remai n a puzzle foreve他為什么這樣做將永

4、遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)謎。三、名詞性從句的重要引導(dǎo)詞1. what用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是一個(gè)十分重要的引導(dǎo)詞，它可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句， 但不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句。它引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句有兩個(gè)意思是：一是表示 什么”帶有疑問意味； 二是表示“所的”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)先行詞后接一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。如：I don ' t know what you w我不知道你想要什么。I don ' t know what you want is我不知道你所想要的是這個(gè)。2. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。如：I gave him what books I ha(我把我所有的書都給他了。 He g

5、ave me what money he had about h他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。注: what后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)可有l(wèi)ittle修飾，兩者的區(qū)別是：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little環(huán)可數(shù)名詞= 雖少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the cou哋有的那些朋友全在國(guó)外。We gave him what (little) help we could.們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。關(guān)系型what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法一、用法歸納1. 表示“的東西或事情”T

6、hey ' ve done what they can to help他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。He saves what he earn他賺多少，積蓄多少。What Mary is is the secreta r瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。2. 表示“的人或的樣子”：He is no Ion ger what he wa他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子。He is what is gen erally called a trait他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is nc是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Ou

7、r in come is now double what it was ten years 我們1 現(xiàn)在的收入是 10 年前的兩倍。The nu mber of the stude nts in our school is ten times what it was before libe 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是 解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的時(shí)間”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter s似乎過 了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。The young girl was too frighte ned to speak, sta nd

8、ing there for what seemed like 小女rs孩嚇得不敢說 話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake Cit這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.年哥2倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的應(yīng)注意的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)1. 備考主語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是從句作主語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語，尤其是在It is +名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+that沖，或在Itseems / happ

9、e ns tha中，或疑問句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用形式主語。2. 備考賓語從句應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語之后； 三是當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imag等時(shí),若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往 往要通過否主句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時(shí)可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時(shí)，that不能

10、 省略；that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后或者在 形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時(shí)也不能省略；that從 句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)，that也不能省略。3. 備考表語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是除that, whethe和疑問詞外，as, as if, as though, beca也可引導(dǎo)表語從句；二要注意“that ' s Wh果'以及“that ' s bec原因”勺區(qū)別；三是注意 the reason (why / fo)is that 句式。4. 備考同位語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是同位語從句多在 news, order, word (=news / order), idea,

11、hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belie等抽象名詞后，說明其具體內(nèi)容；二是同位語從句與所說明的名詞有時(shí)會(huì)被謂語所分開，做題時(shí)需注意；三是引導(dǎo)同位語從句的有that, whethe和連接副詞when, where, whyhow等,但絕大多數(shù)由that引導(dǎo)，注意同位語從句不能用which引導(dǎo)。that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所

12、的(東西)”在含義上等于“名詞+that ”。女口：1. 用that的例子That she lacks experie nee is obvious.她缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這是顯然的。The police learned that he wasn ' t there at that time.警察獲知他那時(shí)不在場(chǎng)。He realized that she too was exhausted.他意識(shí)到她也精疲力盡。My idea is that you shouldn ' t have left the country.我的意見是你不應(yīng)該離開那個(gè)國(guó)家。Bob has the mistake

13、 n idea that tomorrow is a holiday.鮑勃錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為明天是一個(gè)假日。It was quite plain that he didn' t want to come. 很明顯他不想來。It is n atural that they should have differe nt views.他們看法不同是很自然的。2. 用what的例子What (=The thi ng that) he said was true.他所講的是事實(shí)。What he had hoped at last came true.他希望的事終于成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。What he said is

14、 ben eath con tempt.他說的話不值一理。What he says is true, possibly.或許他說的是對(duì)的。What she saw gave her a fright.她看到的情況嚇了她一跳。What I want to say is this.我想說的是這一點(diǎn)。I ' m sorry for what I said.我為我說的話表示歉意。That' s what I want to know.這是我想知道的。You had better hear what I have to say.你最好聽聽我的意見。I ma naged to get wh

15、at I wa nted.我設(shè)法得到了我要的東西。It was what he mea nt rather than what he said.這是他的原意而不是他的原話。There' s someth ing in what he says.他的話有些道理。Her in terest was roused by what he said.他的話引起了她的興趣。He was always con scious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing.他一向清楚她不太贊成他的做法。注：that可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，w

16、hat不能。如：Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎whatever, whoever, whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句1. whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Whatever的意思是"所的一切事或東西”可視為what的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，其含義大致相當(dāng)于anything that , whatever在從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語：Whatever he did was right.無論他做什么都是對(duì)的。Give them whatever they desire.他們想要什么就給他們什么。I will just say what

17、ever comes into my mind.我想至 M十么就說什么。Goats eat whatever (food) they can find.山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么(食物)。I ' m going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.我將學(xué)習(xí)任何我的導(dǎo)師愿意我學(xué)的東西。給我談?wù)勅魏问鼓銦赖氖隆ｉ_始了的事就要堅(jiān)持下去。她得到的任何消息都會(huì)告訴他。你想要多少津貼就給你多少津貼。He does whatever she asks him to do.她要他做什么，他就做什么。Talk to me about whatever is troub

18、li ng you. One should stick to whatever one has begu n. She would tell him whatever n ews she got. You can have whatever allowa nee you like.2. whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whoever的意思"任何的人”在意義上大致相當(dāng)于anybody who。whoever在從句中可用作主語 或賓語：I ' ll take whoever wants to go.誰想去我就帶誰去。She can marry whoever she chooses

19、. 她愿意嫁誰就嫁誰。Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要這書都可拿去。Whoever comes will be welcome. 誰來都?xì)g迎。Whoever you invite will be welcome.任何你邀請(qǐng)的人都?xì)g迎。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.違反本法者應(yīng)予以罰款。I ' ll give the ticket to whoever wants it.請(qǐng)想要這票，我就把它給誰。【注意】(1) whoeve嘅用作主格也用作賓語(作賓語時(shí)不宜用whomeve,因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代英語中w

20、homeve已幾 乎不用)。(2) 注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯(cuò)的句子：誤： Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize.正: Whoever wins can get a prize. / Anyone who wins can a prize.誰贏了都可以獲獎(jiǎng)。whatever 與 no matter what有這樣一道題：It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childher or she wants.A. whateverB.no matter what C. w

21、henever D. no matter when此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選Bo選項(xiàng)C D顯然是錯(cuò)的，因?yàn)榫渲械膚ants缺賓語，而C D兩項(xiàng)不能作 賓語。至于C、D的區(qū)別，可這樣描述：no matter what只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 而whatever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（=anything that），也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句（=no matter what）:1. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（只用whatever）:無論他做什么都是對(duì)的。正: Whatever he did was right.誤：No matter what he did was right.無論他說什么似乎都有道理。正： Whatever he says sounds reas on able.誤：No matter what he says sounds reason able.山羊找到什么就吃什么。正: Goats eat whatever they find.誤：Goats eat n